Uydu Ekipman Tasarımında Yeni Bir Hibrit Hata Türü Etkileri ve Kritiklik Analizi (HTEKA) Yaklaşımı

Yıl 2021, , 733 - 743, 01.06.2021

Nazım Yaman Mustafa Burunkaya

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.851661

Öz

Uzay donanım geliştirme projelerinde, zorlu çevre koşulları, radyasyon etkileri ve bakım yapılabilme zorlukları güvenilirliği ilk sıraya taşımaktadır. Lakin düşük güvenilirlikli ekipmanlar görev ömrünü tamamlayamadan arızalanıp uydunun kaybına sebep olmaktadırlar. Bu sorunu ortadan kaldırmak için geliştirme fazında güvenilirlik tahmini, parça stres azaltma, en kötü durum, Hata Türü Etkileri ve Kritiklik Analizi (HTEKA) gibi analizler Avrupa Uzay Standardizasyon İşbirliği kapsamında çıkartılan rehber dokümanlara göre yapılmaktadır. Rehber dokümanı ECSS-Q-ST-30-02C olan HTEKA, olası hataların belirlenip değerlendirildiği en kapsamlı güvenilirlik analizidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı yeni bir yaklaşım olan hibrit HTEKA sürecini ortaya koymak, görev kritik ekipman olan Uydu Güç Kontrol Birimi (GKB) örneği üzerinde sonuçlarını göstermektir. GKB güneş panellerinden aldığı enerjiyi koşullandırıp pil şarj/deşarj işlemlerini gerçekleştirerek uydu ekipmanlarına güç sağlamaktadır. HTEKA’da hata türleri detaylıca belirlenmez, gerçekleşme olasılığı hassas hesaplanmazsa uydu görevi kaybedilir. Bunu sağlamak için ekipmanın elektronik kartları donanımsal bloklara ayrılmış ve hata türleri bu donanımsal blokların fonksiyonları üzerinden türetilmiştir. Güvenilirlik analizinden gelen hata oranları, önce elektronik kartlara ardından küçük donanımsal bloklara dağıtılarak hata türlerinin gerçekleşme olasılıkları daha hassas hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak GKB’nin bir elektronik kartı üzerinden hibrit HTEKA yapılarak hata türleri incelenmiş ve kritikliği değerlendirilmiştir. Böylelikle olası tüm hata türleri incelenip, kritiklikleri doğru tespit edilerek ekipman hatasından dolayı uydunun kaybedilme ihtimali en aza indirilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hata türü etkileri ve kritiklik analizi, uydu güç kontrol birimi, güvenilirlik analizi, , ECSS-Q-ST-30-02C standardı, hibrit HTEKA yaklaşımı

A New Hybrid Failure Modes, Effects And Criticality Analysis (FMECA) Approach To Be Used In Satellite Equipment Design

Öz

In space hardware development projects, reliability is at the forefront because of environmental conditions, radiation effects and maintenance difficulty. However, low reliability equipment fails and causes satellite loss before completing service life. To eliminate this problem, analyses such as reliability prediction, derating, worst case, Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA), at development phase are conducted according to European Space Standardization Cooperation guidance documents. FMECA guided in ECSS-Q-ST-30-02C is the most comprehensive reliability analyses in which potential failures are identified and evaluated. The aim of this study is to introduce a new hybrid FMECA approach by presenting a case study on Power Control Unit (PCU) which is mission critical satellite equipment. PCU performs battery charge/discharge processes and provides power to satellite equipment by conditioning energy from solar panels. If failure modes in FMECA aren’t determined in detail and probability of occurrence isn’t calculated precisely, satellite mission can be lost. Hence, equipment’s electronic boards are divided into hardware blocks and their functions determine failure modes. Failure rates taken from reliability prediction analysis are distributed to electronic boards and small hardware blocks respectively, thus failure modes’ probabilities could be calculated more precisely. Consequently failure modes are analyzed; criticalities are evaluated by performing hybrid FMECA for PCU electronic boards. Hereby, all possible failure modes are examined and their criticality is correctly determined, and possibility of satellite loss result from equipment failure is minimized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Failure modes effects and criticality analysis, satellite power control unit, reliability analysis, ECSS-Q-ST-30-02C standard, hybrid FMECA approach

Kaynakça

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