Endüstri 4.0’da Anahtar Teknoloji Olarak Dijital İkizler

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 691 - 701, 01.06.2021

Esra Kumaş Serpil Erol

Öz

Teknolojik icatlar, düşünsel bir geçmiş ile sosyo-ekonomik ve işlevsel bir geleceğin birleşimidirler. Teknoloji alanındaki ilerlemeler ve teknolojik buluşlar sayesinde üretim sürekli gelişmiş ve bu gelişim sürecinde üç büyük devrim görmüştür. Bu devrimlerin gerçekleşmesinin altında yatan teknolojiler üretimin ilerlemesinde katalizör görevi üstlenmişlerdir. Teknolojideki ilerlemeler hızlandığında üretim alanında teknolojik baskılara neden olmuş bu baskılar da devrimlerin gerçekleşmesine yol açmıştır. Siber-fiziksel sistemler, bulut teknolojileri, nesnelerin interneti, büyük veri, sanal gerçeklik, yapay zeka ve 3 boyutlu yazıcı teknolojileri gibi Endüstri 4.0’ın bileşeni olarak kabul edilen yeni teknolojiler de endüstriyel bir devrimin gerçekleşmesini sağlayan baskı unsurları olmuştur. Bu teknolojilerin her biri birbirinden bağımsız olarak gelişip farklı uygulama alanlarına sahip olmuş olsa da bir arada kullanıldıklarında elde edilen sinerji sayesinde üretimi, geleneksel yapıdan akıllı üretim seviyesine taşımayı başarmışlardır. Önce sayısallaşan, ardından sanallaşan fiziksel fabrikalar bu sinerjiyle “akıllı fabrikalar”a dönüşmüştür. Fiziksel bir ürünün fikir aşamasındayken başlayan ve ürün ömrü boyunca gerçek zamanlı verilerle sanal bir kopyasının elde edilmesi fikrine dayanan Dijital İkizler, akıllı fabrikaların gerçekleşmesinde bahsi geçen teknolojileri bir arada kullanarak, sinerjiyi ortaya çıkaran anahtar bir teknoloji olmayı başarmıştır. Bu makalenin amacı; Endüstri 4.0 bağlamında akıllı üretim sistem ve süreçlerinde Dijital İkiz kavramının yeri, önemi ve gelecekteki potansiyelini anlamak, bir referans noktası geliştirmek için literatüre katkı sağlamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Endüstri 4.0, Dijital İkiz, Akıllı Fabrika, Nesnelerin İnterneti

Digital Twins as Key Technology in Industry 4.0

Öz

Technological inventions are combinations of an intellectual past with socia-economic and functional future. Production is constantly improved thanks to advances in technology and technological innovations and there have been three major revolutions in this development process. The technologies underlying these revolutions have taken the task of catalyst in progress of production. When the progress in technology has accelerated, it was caused technological pressures in production field and it has led to revolutions in these pressure. New technologies, such as cyber-physical systems, cloud technologies, the internet of things, autonomous systems, big data, virtual reality and 3D printer technologies have also become the elements of pressure that they have led to an industrial revolution. Each of these technologies has devoloped independently and have different application areas but thanks to synergy obtained when used together, they achieved to move production from traditional structure to smarter production level. Physical factories which were firstly became digitized and than secondly virtualized, turned into "smart factories" with this synergy. Starting at the idea stage of a physical product and based on the idea of obtaining a virtual copy with real-time data throughout the life of the product, the Digital Twins managed to become a key technology that brings out synergy by using the technologies mentioned in the realization of smart factories. The purpose of this article is contribute to the literature to understand the place, importance and future potential of the Digital Twin concept in smart production systems and processes and also develop a reference point in the context of Industry 4.0.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Industry 4.0, Digital Twin, Smart Factory, Internet of Things

Kaynakça

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