Plug Production for Thermoforming using Fused Deposition Modelling

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 417 - 426, 01.03.2022

Olcay Ekşi

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.789686

Cited By: 1

Öz

Plug, a type of male mould in thermoforming, is mostly produced by conventional processes such as machining. However, in this study, plugs that are used in thermoforming were produced using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). Plugs were produced using Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Aluminium (Al) particle reinforced PLA filaments by a 3d printer. Plugs that are produced by FDM, were polished using 800, 1000, 1200, 1600 and 2000 grit sandpapers to reduce friction. Also, thermal effects such as temperature distribution on the region where the plug touches the plastic sheet, were investigated. It has been found that FDM can be a significant alternative for male mould production in thermoforming. Additionally, PLA filaments have great potential for tool production in thermoforming.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fused Deposition Modelling, Thermoforming, Plug, PLA

Kaynakça

• [1] Solmaz M.Y. and Çelik E., “3 boyutlu yazıcı kullanılarak üretilen bal peteği sandviç kompozitlerin basma yükü altındaki performanslarının araştırılması”, Fırat Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 30: 277-286, (2018).
• [2] Jami H., Masood S.H. and Song W.Q., “Dynamic response of FDM made ABS parts in different part orientations”, Advanced Materials Research, 748: 291-294, (2013).
• [3] Huang B. and Singamneni S., “Raster angle mechanics in fused deposition modelling”, Journal of Composite Materials, 49: 363-383, (2014).
• [4] Eren O., “FDM 3B yazıcı ile kompozit parça tasarımı ve mekanik özelliklerinin araştırılması”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (2017).
• [5] Gebel M.E., “Polimer matrisli sürekli fiber takviyeli kompozit parça üretimi için bir eklemeli imalat yönteminin geliştirilmesi”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (2018).
• [6] Patan Z.Y., “Karbon fiber takviyeli ABS kompozitlerin FDM yazıcı ile üretimi ve Ansys ile modellenmesi”, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (2019).
• [7] Patil J.P., Nandedkar V., Saha S., Mishra S., “A numerical approach on achieving uniform thickness distribution in pressure thermoforming”, Manufacturing Letters, 21: 24–27, (2019).
• [8] Marathe D., Rokade D., Azad L.B., Jadhav K., Mahajan S., Ahmad Z., Gupta S., Kulkarni S., Juvekar V., Lele A., “Effect of plug temperature on the strain and thickness distribution of components made by Plug Assist Thermoforming”, International Polymer Processing, 31: 166-178, (2016).
• [9] Leite W.O., Rubio J.C.C., Cabrera F.M., Carrasco A. and Hanafi I. “Vacuum thermoforming process: an approach to modeling and optimization using artificial neural networks”, Polymers, 10: 143-159, (2018).
• [10] Mieghem B.V., Ivens J., Bael A.V., “Consistency of strain fields and thickness distributions in thermoforming experiments through stereo DIC”, Experimental Techniques, 40, 1409-1420, (2016).
• [11] Haerter C.S., Fritz H.G., Tessier N. and Kouba K., “The dependence of wall thickness on changes in material and process conditions in Plug Assist Thermoforming”, Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers, Chicago, USA, (2009).
• [12] Martin P.J., Choo H.L., Cheong C.Y. and Jones E.H., “Plug materials for thermoforming: the effect of non-isothermal plug contact”, Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers, Chicago, USA, 812-816, (2009).
• [13] Duarte F.M. and Covas J.A., “Multilayer plug concept to enhance thickness distribution control of deep thermoformed parts”, Plastics, Rubber and Composites, 37: 293-300, (2008).
• [14] Hosseini H., Berdyshev B.V. and Ghaffari N., “Dynamic characteristics of plug-assist thermoforming”, Polymer Engineering and Science, 49: 240-243, (2008).
• [15] Dees J., “Optimizing the plug assist geometry using simulations”, Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers, Milwaukee, USA, (2008).
• [16] Tulsian A., Mead J., Orroth S. and Tessier N., “Computer simulation of the effect of the coefficient of friction in Plug Assist Thermoforming’, Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers, Chicago, USA, (2004).
• [17] Harron, G.W., Harkin-Jones E.M.A. and Martin P.J., “Plug force monitoring for the control and optimization of the thermoforming process”, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering, 217: 181-188, (2003).
• [18] Collins P., Lappin J.F., Harkin-Jones E.M.A. and Martin P.J., “Investigation of heat transfer in the plug assisted thermoforming process”, Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers, Orlando, USA, (2000).
• [19] Martin N.J., Lappin J.F., Harkin-Jones E.M.A. and Martin P.J., “The use of hot impact testing in the simulation of the Plug-Assisted Thermoforming Process”, Annual Technical Conference of the Society of Plastics Engineers, Orlando, USA, (2000).
• [20] Gajdos I., Mankova I., Jachowicz T., Tor-Swiatek A., “Application of rapid tooling approach in process of thermoforming mold production”, Proceedings of 8th International Engineering Symposium - Materials and Manufacturing Technologies, Hungary, (2016).
• [21] Hosseini H. and Berdyshev B.V., “A Solution for rupture of polymeric sheet in Plug-Assist Thermoforming”, Journal of Polymer Research, 13: 329-334 (2006).