Metoksimetiltrifenilfosfonyum Klorür Tek Kristalinde Oluşturulan Yapısal Bozukluğun Elektron Paramanyetik Rezonans ile Tespiti
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 457 - 468, 27.03.2023
Ali Cengiz Çalışkan
,
Betül Çalışkan
Öz
Metoksimetiltrifenilfosfonyum klorür (MOMTPPC) tek kristalleri Elektron Paramanyetik Rezonans (EPR) spektroskopi yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. MOMTPPC tek kristalleri, 60Co- kaynağı ile ışınlanarak paramanyetik bozukluklar oluşturulmuştur. MOMTPPC tek kristallerinin EPR spektrumları, 120 K sıcaklıkta üç dik eksen etrafında belirli açılarda döndürülerek EPR spektrumları alınmıştır. MOMTPPC'de ışınlama etkisiyle oluşan radikalin yapısı, EPR spektrumlarının detaylı incelenmesi ile elde edilmiştir. Radyasyonun etkisiyle C20-H24 bağı kopmuş ve bir paramanyetik merkez oluşmuştur. Kimyasal bağın kopması sonucu oluşan radikalin eşleşmemiş elektronunun C20 atomu üzerinde bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Radyasyon hasar merkezine ait anizotropik g-faktörü ve aşırı ince yapı çiftlenim sabitleri belirlenmiştir. Spektroskopik yarılma faktörünün izotropik değeri g = 2,00764 olarak elde edilirken, aşırı ince yapı sabitlerinin izotropik değerleri ise sırasıyla, 〖(a_H)〗_α = 2,010 mT, 〖(a_P)〗_β = 3,196 mT ve 〖(a_(C_6 H_5 ))〗_γ= 〖(a_fenil)〗_γ = 0,472 mT olarak hesaplanmıştır. EPR parametrelerine ait yön kosinüsleri elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, simülasyon çalışmaları ile deneysel verilerimizin doğruluğu desteklenmiştir.
Destekleyen Kurum
Pamukkale Üniversitesi-BAP
Proje Numarası
The BAP of Pamukkale University [grant number 2012FBE037].
Teşekkür
2012FBE037 numaralı projeye desteklerinden dolayı Pamukkale Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi’ne teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
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Detection of Structural Defect in Methoxymethyltriphenylphosphonium Chloride Single Crystal by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 457 - 468, 27.03.2023
Ali Cengiz Çalışkan
,
Betül Çalışkan
Öz
Single crystals of methoxymethyltriphenylphosphonium chloride (MOMTPPC) were analyzed by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy method. Gamma radiation from 60Co was used to create paramagnetic defects in MOMTPPC single crystal. EPR spectra of MOMTPPC single crystals were obtained at 120 K temperature by rotating around three orthogonal axes. The structure of the radical formed by the irradiation effect in MOMTPPC was found by detailed examination of the EPR spectra. With the effect of radiation, the C20-H24 bond was broken and a paramagnetic center was formed. It has been determined that the unpaired electron of the radical formed as a result of the breaking of the chemical bond is located mainly on the C20 atom. The anisotropic g-factor and hyperfine coupling constants of the radiation damage center were determined. While the isotropic value of the spectroscopic splitting factor is obtained as g = 2.00764, the isotropic values of the hyperfine structure constants are 〖(a_H)〗_α = 2.010 mT, 〖(a_P)〗_β = 3.196 mT and 〖(a_(C_6 H_5 ))〗_γ= 〖(a_fenil)〗_γ = 0.472 mT. Direction cosines of EPR parameters were obtained. Simulation was also carried out to prove the accuracy of our experimental data.
Proje Numarası
The BAP of Pamukkale University [grant number 2012FBE037].
Kaynakça
- [1] Ingram D. J. E., ‘‘Free Radicals as Studied by Electron Spin Resonance’’, Butterworths Scientific Publications, London, (1958).
- [2] Neese F., ‘‘Quantum chemical calculations of spectroscopic properties of metalloproteins and model compounds: EPR and Mössbauer properties’’, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol., 7(1):125-135, (2003).
- [3] Uşaklı A. B., ‘‘Fizyolojik sinyallerin askerî amaçlı kullanılabilirliği: elektroensefalografi ve yakın kızılaltı spektroskopisi örnekleri’’, Politeknik Dergisi, 21(4):895-900, (2018).
- [4] Zilić D., Pajić D., Jurić M., Molčanov K., Rakvin B., Planinić P., Zadro K., ‘‘Single crystals of DPPH grown from diethyl ether and carbon disulfide solutions-crystal structures, IR, EPR and magnetization studies’’, J. Magn. Reson., 207(1):34-41, (2010).
- [5] Çadırcı M., Demirci T., ‘‘Yüksek oranda eş parçacık boyutlu cdse kuantum noktaların sentezi ve optiksel özelliklerinin parçacık boyutlarına bağlılığı’’, Politeknik Dergisi, 24(1):25-30, (2021).
- [6] Gamba A., Malatesta V., Morosi G., Oliva C. and Simonetta M., ‘‘Ultraviolet and electron spin resonance spectra of nitropyridines and nitropyridine N-oxides’’, J. Phys. Chem., 77(23): 2744-2752, (1973).
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[8] Tomter A. B., Zoppellaro G., Schmitzberger F., Andersen N. H., Barra A. L., Engman H., Nordlund P., Andersson K. K., ‘‘HF-EPR, Raman, UV/VIS light spectroscopic, and DFT studies of the ribonucleotide reductase R2 tyrosyl radical from Epstein-Barr virus’’, Plos One, 6(9): 1-11, (2011).
- [9] Lurie D. J., Mäder K., ‘‘Monitoring drug delivery processes by EPR and related techniques-Principles and applications’’, Adv Drug Deliv Rev., 57(8): 1171-1190, (2005).
- [10] Karunakaran C., Murugesan B., ‘‘Advances in Electron Paramagnetic Resonance’’, Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Principles and Applications, Elsevier, Online, 229-280, (2018).
- [11] Çakır S., ‘‘UV Işınlarının Çeşitli Gıdalarda Oluşturduğu Serbest Radikallerin ESR ile İncelenmesi’, Doktora Tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (1991).
- [12] Gopal N. G. S., Patel K. M., Sharma G., Bhalla H. L., Wills P. A., Hilmy N., ‘‘Guide for radiation sterilization of pharmaceuticals and decontamination of raw materials’’, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 32(4): 619-622, (1988).
- [13] Gibella M., Crucq A. S., Tilquin B., Stocker P., Lesgards G., Raffi J., ‘‘Electron spin resonance studies of some irradiated pharmaceuticals’’, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 58(1): 69-76, (2000).
- [14] Earle K. A., Budil D. E. and Freed J. H., ‘‘250-GHz EPR of nitroxides in the slow-motional regime: Models of rotational diffusion’’, J. Phys. Chem., 97: 13289-13297, (1993).
- [15] Gräslund A., Ehrenberg A., Rupprecht A., Ström G. and Crespi H., ‘‘Ionic base radicals in γ-irradiated oriented non-deuterated and fully deuterated DNA’’, Int. J. Radiat. Biol., 28(4): 313-323, (1975).
- [16] Imagawa H., ‘‘ESR studies of cupric ion in various oxide glasses’’, Phys. Status Solidi B, 30(2): 469-478, (1968).
- [17] Wittig G., ‘‘From diyls to ylides to my idyll’’, Science, 210(4470): 600–604, (1980).
- [18] Bergeron K. L., Murphy E. L., Majofodun O., Muñoz L. D., Williams J. C. and Almeida K. H., ‘‘Arylphosphonium salts interact with DNA to modulate cytotoxicity’’, Mutat. Res. / Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 673(2): 141-148, (2009).
- [19] Kinnamon K. E., Steck E. A., Hanson W. L. and Chapman W. L., ‘‘In search of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi drugs: new leads from a mouse model’’, J. Med. Chem., 20(6), 741-744, (1977).
- [20] Blank B., DiTullio N. W., Deviney L., Roberts J. T. and Saunders H. L., ‘‘Synthesis and hypoglycemic activity of phenacyltriphenylphosphoranes and phosphonium salts’’, J. Med. Chem., 18(9): 952-954, (1975).
- [21] Rideout D. C., Calogeropoulou T., Jaworski J. S., Dagnino R. and McCarthy M. R., ‘‘Phosphonium salts exhibiting selective anti-carcinoma activity in vitro’’, Anticancer Drug Des., 4(4): 265-280, (1989).
- [22] Denisov S. S., Kotova E. A., Plotnikov E. Y., Tikhonov A. A., Zorov D. B., Korshunova G. A. and Antonenko Y. N., ‘‘A mitochondria-targeted protonophoric uncoupler derived from fluorescein’’, Chem. Commun., 50(97): 15366-15369, (2014).
- [23] Stoyanovsky D. A. , Jiang J., Murphy M. P., Epperly M., Zhang X., Li S., Greenberger J., Kagan V. and Bayır H., ‘‘Design and synthesis of a mitochondria-targeted mimic of glutathione peroxidase, MitoEbselen-2, as a radiation mitigator’’, ACS Med. Chem. Lett., 5(12): 1304-1307, (2014).
- [24] Wang J., Yang C. T., Kim Y. S., Sreerama S. G., Cao Q., Li Z. B., He Z., Chen X. and Liu S., ‘‘64Cu-Labeled triphenylphosphonium and triphenylarsonium cations as highly tumor-selective imaging agents’’, J. Med. Chem., 50(21): 5057-5069, (2007).
- [25] Alberto R., Braband H., Benz M., Felber M. and Imstepf S., ‘‘Organometallic technetium chemistry; past, present and future’’, Nucl. Med. Biol., 41(7): 613-613, (2014).
- [26] Zheng Y., Ji S., Tomaselli E., Ernest C., Freiji and Liu S., ‘‘Effect of co-ligands on chemical and biological properties of 99mTc(III) complexes [99mTc(L)(CDO)(CDOH)2BMe] (L = Cl, F, SCN and N3; CDOH2 = cyclohexanedione dioxime)’’, Nucl. Med. Biol., 41(10): 813-824, (2014).
- [27] Haslop A., Wells L., Gee A., Plisson C. and Long N., ‘‘One-pot multi-tracer synthesis of novel 18F-labeled PET imaging agents’’, Mol. Pharm., 11(11): 3818-3822, (2014).
- [28] Kim D. Y., Kim H. S., Jang H. Y., Kim J. H., Bom H. S. and Min J. J., ‘‘Comparison of the cardiac microPET images obtained using [18F]FPTP and [13N]NH3 in rat myocardial infarction models’’, ACS Med. Chem. Lett., 5(10): 1124-1128, (2014).
- [29] Liu S., Li D., Shan H., Gabbai F. P., Li Z. and Conti P. S., ‘‘Evaluation of ¹⁸F-labeled BODIPY dye as potential PET agents for myocardial perfusion imaging’’, Nucl. Med. Biol., 41(1): 120-126, (2014).
- [30] Maddahi J. and Packard R. R. S., ‘‘Cardiac PET perfusion tracers: Current status and future directions’’, Semin. Nucl. Med., 44(5): 333-343, (2014).
- [31] Neves A. A. and Brindle K. M., ‘‘Imaging cell death’’, J. Nucl. Med., 55(1): 1-4, (2014).
- [32] Ravert H. T., Holt D. P. and Dannals R. F., ‘‘A microwave radiosynthesis of the 4‐[18F]‐fluorobenzyltriphenylphosphonium ion’’, J. Labelled Cmpd. Radiopharm., 57(12): 695-698, (2014).
- [33] Yeo D. C., Wiraja C., Mantalaris A. and Xu C., ‘‘Nanosensors for regenerative medicine’’, J. Biomed. Nanotechnol., 10(10): 2722-2746, (2014).
- [34] Zhao G., Yu Y. M., Shoup T. M., Elmaleh D. R., Bonab A. A., Tompkins R. G. and Fischman A. J., ‘‘Membrane potential-dependent uptake of 18F-triphenylphosphonium-a new voltage sensor as an imaging agent for detecting burn-induced apoptosis’’, J. Surg. Res., 188(2): 473-479, (2014).
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