Küresel Isınma ve Güneş Enerjisi: Türkiye ve Lider Ülkeler Üzerine Bir Analiz

Yıl 2025, ERKEN GÖRÜNÜM, 1 - 1

Abid Ustaoğlu , Süheyl Bilal Sungur

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1720721

Öz

Küresel ısınma, insan faaliyetlerine bağlı olarak atmosfere salınan sera gazlarının artışıyla birlikte dünya genelinde çevresel, ekonomik ve sosyal krizlere neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, küresel ısınmanın nedenleri ve etkileri güneş enerjisi sistemleri çerçevesinde incelenmekte; güneş enerjisinin sürdürülebilir ve düşük karbonlu bir gelecek için stratejik önemi vurgulanmaktadır. Artan sıcaklıklar, buzulların erimesi, deniz seviyesinin yükselmesi, su ve gıda krizleri gibi olumsuzlukların önüne geçebilmek için temiz ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönelmek kaçınılmazdır. Dünya genelinde ve Türkiye özelinde güneş enerjisi teknolojilerinin gelişimi incelenmiş; fotovoltaik (PV) ve solar termal sistemlerdeki kapasite artışları analiz edilmiştir. 2013 yılında 137 GW olan küresel PV kapasitesi, 2023’te 1412 GW’a ulaşarak 10,3 kat büyümüştür. Çin 609,4 GW ile lider konumunu korurken, Türkiye 2015 sonrası hızlı bir artış göstermiştir. Türkiye’nin güneş enerjisi kurulu gücü 2013–2023 döneminde belirgin şekilde artmış, 2025 yılı itibariyle ise 22.5 GW seviyesine ulaşmıştır. Solar termal alanda ise Türkiye, 2020’de ABD’yi geride bırakarak dünya ikinciliğine yükselmiştir. Ancak sahip olduğu potansiyele kıyasla hâlâ kritik gelişim alanları mevcuttur. Türkiye özelinde yapılan karşılaştırmalı analiz, ülkenin güneş enerjisi alanındaki mevcut konumunu küresel liderlerle kıyaslayarak güçlü yönlerini ve geliştirilmesi gereken alanları somut ortaya koyması açısından özellikle değer taşımaktadır. Sonuç olarak, güneş enerjisi; düşük karbonlu bir ekonomi için vazgeçilmezdir. Güneş enerjisi teknolojileri çevresel sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması, fosil yakıtlara olan bağımlılığın azaltılması ve enerji arz güvenliğinin güçlendirilmesi açısından stratejik bir rol üstlenmektedir. Türkiye’nin sahip olduğu potansiyeli daha etkin değerlendirebilmesi için teşvik ve yatırım politikalarının kararlılıkla sürdürülmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Küresel ısınma , Güneş Enerjisi , Fotovoltiak Sistemler , Solar Termal Sistemler , Türkiye Enerji Politikası , Yenilenebilir Enerji

Etik Beyan

Bu makalenin yazarları çalışmalarında kullandıkları materyal ve yöntemlerin etik kurul izni ve/veya yasal özel bir izin gerektirmediğini beyan ederler.

Global Warming and Solar Energy: An Analysis on Türkiye and Leading Countries

Öz

Global warming, driven by the increase in greenhouse gas emissions resulting from human activities, has led to environmental, economic, and social crises worldwide. This study examines the causes and impacts of global warming within the framework of solar energy systems and highlights the strategic importance of solar energy for a sustainable, low-carbon future. Rising temperatures, melting glaciers, sea-level rise, and crises in water and food security make the transition to clean and renewable energy sources inevitable. The development of solar energy technologies worldwide and in Turkey has been analyzed, with particular focus on capacity growth in photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal systems. Global PV capacity, which was 137 GW in 2013, reached 1,412 GW in 2023, marking a 10.3-fold increase. China maintained its leading position with 609.4 GW, while Turkey experienced rapid growth after 2015. Turkey’s installed solar capacity increased significantly between 2013 and 2023 and reached 22.5 GW by 2025. In solar thermal energy, Turkey surpassed the United States in 2020 to become the world’s second largest. Nevertheless, there remain critical areas for further development compared to its potential. The comparative analysis conducted for Turkey is particularly valuable as it clearly identifies the country’s current position in the field of solar energy relative to global leaders, highlighting both its strengths and the areas that require further development. In conclusion, solar energy is indispensable for a low-carbon economy. Solar energy technologies play a strategic role in achieving environmental sustainability, reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and strengthening energy supply security. To make more effective use of its potential, Turkey must continue to pursue investment and incentive policies with determination.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Global Warming , Solar Energy , Photovoltaic Systems , Solar Thermal Systems , Türkiye’s Energy Policy , Renewable Energy

Kaynakça

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