Robotik Kaynak Hatlarının Bulanık Hata Ağacı Analizi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 4, 1243 - 1256, 25.09.2024

Özgür Turay Kaymakçı

https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.1241578

Öz

Endüstri 4.0 ve dijitalleşmenin bir sonucu olarak robotlu üretim sistemleri yaygınlaşmaktadır. Özellikle otomotiv endüstrisinde kaynak, paletleme, montaj ve taşıma gibi ağır işlerde kullanılan robotların sahip oldukları yüksek potansiyel iş anlamında ciddi avantajlar vadederken beraberinde birçok iş güvenli riskini de açığa çıkartmaktadır. Ayrıca günümüzde işbirlikçi robotların kullanımının artması ile birlikte güvenlik konusu en önemli konulardan biri haline gelmektedir. İş güvenliği çerçevesinde robot hatları için birçok standart oluşturulmuş olup günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Geliştirilen bu standartlar ile üreticilerin tutarlı kalite ve performansa sahip ürünleri üretmesine olanak tanırken risklerin kabul edilebilir seviyede kalmasını garanti altına alınmaya çalışılmaktadır. Ne yazık ki bu çalışmalar yapılır iken genellikle insan faktörü göz ardı edilmiş ve risk hesaplamalarında kapsam dışında bırakılmıştır. Bu çalışmada bu eksiği gidermek için otomotiv endüstrisinde kaynak işlemi için kullanılan bir robot hattı üzerinde risk analiz ve risk azaltma çalışmaları hayata geçirilmiştir. Robotik güvenlik standartları da kapsam dâhilinde tutularak ilgili fonksiyonel güvenlik hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Bu aşamada insan faktörü de analize dâhil edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda ilgili belirsizlikleri modelleyebilmek için bulanık setleri kullanan bir hata ağacı analiz yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Böylelikle sadece ilgili ekipmanların kategorileri ve güvenilirlik parametreleri değerlendirilmemiş aynı zamanda insan-robot etkileşiminin sistem güvenilirliğine olan etkisi incelenmiştir. Son olarak elde edilen sonuçların sektör bazlı standartlar kapsamında yeterliliği irdelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşbirlikçi robot, risk analizi, fonksiyonel güvenlik, insan faktörü

Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis of Robotic Welding Lines

Öz

As a result of Industry 4.0 and digitalization, robotic production systems are becoming increasingly prevalent. Particularly in the automotive industry, robots that are utilized for heavy tasks such as welding, palletizing, assembly, and transportation offer significant advantages in terms of high-potential work, but also expose numerous occupational safety risks. Additionally, with the increasing utilization of collaborative robots, safety has become one of the most crucial concerns. Several standards have been established for robotic lines within the framework of occupational safety and are currently widely used. These standards allow manufacturers to produce consistent quality and performance products while trying to ensure that the residual risks remain at an acceptable level. Unfortunately, during the implementation of these studies, the human factor is often overlooked and excluded from the scope of risk calculations. In this study, to address this gap, risk analysis and risk reduction studies were implemented on a robot line used for welding processes in the automotive industry. Functional safety calculations were evaluated based on system design parameters while taking into account robotic safety standards. At this stage, the human factor was also included in the analysis. In this context, a fuzzy set-based fault tree analysis method has been developed to model the relevant uncertainties. This approach allows not only the evaluation of the categories and reliability parameters of the relevant equipment, but also the investigation of the impact of human-robot interaction on system reliability. Finally, the adequacy of the results obtained has been examined within the framework of sector-specific standards

Anahtar Kelimeler

Collaborative robot, risk analysis, functional safety, human factor

Kaynakça

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