BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

KITLIK SONRASI DÖNEMDE NE OLACAK? KITLIK PROMOSYONLARININ GİZLİ ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 49 - 74, 01.06.2020

Öz

Bu çalışma, kıtlık promosyonlarının markaya karşı tutum ve satın alma niyeti üzerindeki gizli etkisini ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın deneysel tasarımında kıtlık promosyonundan yararlanabilme başarısı manipüle edilen faktör olarak yer almaktadır. Bulgular, kıtlık promosyonlarının pozitif etkilerini teyit etmektedir. Diğer taraftan, eğer tüketiciler kısıtlı sayıda ürün sunulması sebebiyle bu promosyondan yararlanamazlar iseler, markaya karşı tutumları ve satın alma niyetleri negatif etkilenmektedir. Birden fazla kez deneyip, yine başarısız olduklarında ise söz konusu negatif reaksiyonun etkisi artarak devam etmektedir. Bulgular ışığında, uygulamaya yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur

Kaynakça

  • Amaldoss, W. and S. Jain. (2005). Conspicuous consumption and sophisticated thinking. Management Science, 51(10): 1449–66.
  • Amaldoss, W. and Jain, S. (2010). Reference groups and product line decisions: an experimental investigation of limited editions and product proliferation. Management Science, 56(4): 621-644.
  • Aggarwal, P., Jun, S. Y., and Huh, J. H. (2011). Scarcity messages: A consumer competition perspective. Journal of Advertising, 40: 19–30.
  • Bae, Y. and Lee, S. (2005). The effect of scarcity message on consumer’s purchase intention in the internet shopping mall. Asia Pacific Advances in Consumer Research, 6: 252-258.
  • Blumberg, P. (1974). The decline and fall of the status symbol: some thoughts on status in a postindustrial society. Social Problems, 21(1): 480–98.
  • Bone, P. F. and Ellen, P. S. (1992). The Generation and Consequences of Communication-Evoked Imagery. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(June): 93-104.
  • Bozzolo, A.M. and Brock, T.C. (1992). Unavailability effects on message processing: A theoretical analysis and an empirical test. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 13(1): 93-101.
  • Brehm, J. W. (1966). A theory of psychological reactance. Oxford, England: Academic Press.
  • Brock, T. C. (1968). Implications of Commodity Theory for Value Change. New York: Academic Press.
  • Brock, T.C. and Mazzocco, P.J. (2003). Responses to Scarcity: A Commodity Theory Perspective on Reactance and Rumination. Ed. Wright, R.A., Greenberg, J. & Brehm, S.S. 129-148. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Book, A.S., Starzyk, K.B. and Quinsey, V.L. 2001. The Relationship Between Testosterone and Aggression: A Meta-Analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6(6): 579–99.
  • Chao, R.F. and Liao, P.C. (2016). The Impact of Brand Image and Discounted Price on Purchase Intention in Outlet Mall: Consumer Attitude as Mediator. The Journal of Global Business Management, 12(2): 120-128.
  • Chen, H.-J. and Sun, T.-H. (2014). Clarifying the Impact of Product Scarcity and Perceived Uniqueness in Buyers’ Purchase Behavior of Games of Limited- Amount Version. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 26: 232–249.
  • Cialdini, R. B. (2001). Influence: Science and Practice, 4th edition. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Clee, M.A. and Wicklund, R.A. (1980). Consumer Behavior and Psychological Reactance. Journal of Consumer Research, 6: 389-401.
  • DeSteno, D., Petty, R. E., Rucker, D. D.,Wegener, D. T., and Braverman, J. (2004). Discrete emotions and persuasion: the role of emotion-induced expectancies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86: 43–56.
  • Donovan, D. M., Smyth, L., Paige, A. B., and O’Leary, M. R. (1975). Relationships among locus of control, self-concept, and anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(4): 682–684.
  • Dunn, J. R., and Schweitzer, M. E. (2005). Feeling and believing: the influence of emotion on trust. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(5): 736–748.
  • Eisend, M. (2008). Explaining the impact of scarcity appeals in advertising. Journal of Advertising, 37(Fall): 33-40.
  • Herpen, E. v., Pieters, R., and Zeelenberg, M. (2009). When demand accelerates demand: Trailing the bandwagon. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19: 302-312.
  • Jallow, H. and Dastane, O. (2016). Effect of sales promotion schemes on purchase quantity: A study plan of Malaysian Consumers. Management & Marketing, 14(2): 299-320.
  • Jung, J. M., and Kellaris, J. J. (2004). Cross-national differences in proneness to scarcity effects: The moderating role of familiarity, uncertainty avoidance, and need for cognitive closure. Psychology and Marketing, 21: 739–753.
  • Garg, P. and Kaur, A. (2014). A Study of Impact of Sales Promotions on Brand Switching and Stock Piling Behavior of Consumers for Electronics & Apparels Industry. Review of Professional Management- A Journal of New Delhi Institute of Management, 12(1): 59-66.
  • Gierl, H. and Huettl, V. (2010). Are scarce products always more attractable? The interaction of different types of scarcity signals with products’ suitability for conspicuous consumption. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 27: 225-235.
  • Grewal, D., Krishnan, R., Baker, J. and Borin, N. (1998). The Effect of Store Name, Brand Name and Price Discounts on Consumers’ Evaluations and Purchase Intentions. Journal of Retailing, 74: 331-352.
  • Gupta, S. (2013). The Psychological Effects of Perceived Scarcity on Consumers’ Buying Behavior. Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research from the College of Business, 41.
  • Herpen, E. v., Pieters, R., and Zeelenberg, M. (2009). When demand accelerates demand: Trailing the bandwagon. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19: 302-312.
  • Herpen, E., Pieters, R., Zeelenberg, M. (2014). When Less Sells More or Less: The Scarcity Principle in Wine Choice. Food Quality and Preference 36: 153–160.
  • Inman, J. J., Peter, A. C. & Raghubir, P. (1997). Framing the deal: the role of restrictions in accentuating deal value. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(1): 68-79.
  • Jung, J. M., & Kellaris, J. J. (2004). Cross-national Differences in Proneness to Scarcity Effects: The Moderating Roles of Familiarity, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Need for Cognitive Closure. Psychology & Marketing, 21(9): 739-753.
  • Kim, S., Haley, E. and Koo, G.Y. (2009). Comparison of the Paths From Consumer Involvement Types To Ad Responses Between Corporate Advertising And Product Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 38(3): 67-80.
  • Kopalle, P.K., Mela, C.F. and Marsh, L. (1999). The Dynamic Effect of Discounting on Sales: Empirical Analysis and Normative Pricing Implications. Marketing Science, 18(3): 317-332.
  • Kristofferson, K. , McFerran, B., Morales, A.C. and Dahl, D.W. (2017). The dark side of scarcity promotions: How exposure to limited quantity promotions can induce aggression. Journal of Consumer Research, 43: 683-706.
  • Lee, Y. H. and Mason, C. (1999). Responses to Information Incongruency in Advertising: The Role of Expectancy, Relevancy, and Humor. Journal of Consumer Research, 26(September): 156-169.
  • Lee, Y. H. (2000). Manipulating Ad Message Involvement through Information Expectancy: Effects on Attitude Evaluation and Confidence. Journal of Advertising, 29(2): 29-43.
  • Lee, S.Y. and Seidle, R. (2012). Narcissists as Consumers: The Effects of Perceived Scarcity on Processing of Product Information. Social Behavior and Personality, 40: 1485–1500.
  • Lerner, J. S., and Keltner, D. (2000). Beyond valence: toward a model of emotion- specific influences on judgment and choice. Cognition and Emotion, 14(4): 473–493.
  • Lessne, G. J. (1987). The impact of advertised sale duration on consumer perceptions. Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 10: 115-117.
  • Lynn, M. and Harris, J. (1997). The desire for unique consumer products: A new individual differences scale. Psychology & Marketing, 14(6): 601-616.
  • Lynn, P. (1991). Scarcity effects on value: A quantitative review of the commodity theory literature. Psychology & Marketing, 8(1): 43-57.
  • Oruc, R. (2015). The Effects of Product Scarcity on Consumer Behavior: A Meta- Analysis. Doctoral Dissertation. European University Viadrina.
  • Oxford English Dictionary (2018). https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/ Accessed on 13.11.2018.
  • Parker, J.R. and Lehmann, D.R. (2011). When shelf-based scarcity impacts consumer preferences. Journal of Retailing, 87(2): 142-155.
  • Ramanathan, S. and Dhar, S. (2010). The Effect of Sales Promotions on the Size and Composition of the Shopping Basket: Regulatory Compatibility from Framing and Temporal Restrictions. Journal of Marketing Research XLVII: 542–552.
  • Rosenberg, B. and Siegel, .T. (2017). A 50-year review of psychological reactance theory: Do not read this article. Motivation Science, 4(4): 281-300.
  • Roseman, I. J. (1984). Cognitive determinants of emotion: a structural theory. Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 5: 11–36.
  • Schins, M. (2014). The influence of quantity scarcity and time restrictions on consumer preference and purchase intention. Management, Economics and Consumer Studies. Wageningen University.
  • Stewart, D.W. (2009). Marketing accountability: Linking marketing actions to financial results. Journal of Business Research, 62(2009): 636-643.
  • Suri, R., Kohli, C., and Monroe, K. B. (2007). The effects of perceived scarcity on consumers’ processing of price information. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 35: 89–100.
  • Snyder, C. R. and Fromkin, H. L. (1977). Abnormality as a Positive Characteristic: The Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Need for Uniqueness. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86(5): 518-27.
  • Sözer, E.G. (2009). Postmodern Pazarlama: Marka Çağında Liderlik için PIM Modeli, İstanbul: Beta.
  • Teng, L. (2009). A comparison of two types of price discounts in shifting consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions. Journal of Business Research, 62(2009): 14-21.
  • Verhallen, T.M. and Robben, H.S.J. (1994). Scarcity and Preference: An Experiment on Unavailability and Product Evaluation, Journal of Economic Psychology, 15(2): 315-331.
  • Weiner, B. (1980). A cognitive (attribution)-emotion-action model of motivated behavior: an analysis of judgments of help-giving. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 39: 186–200.
  • Wierenga, B., and Soethoudt, H. (2010). Sales promotions and channel coordination. Original Empirical Research, 38(30): 383-397.
  • Worchel, S., Lee, J., and Adewole, A. (1975). Effects of supply and demand on ratings of object value. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(5): 906-914.
  • Zheng, X., Liu, N. and Zhao, L. (2013). A Study of the Effectiveness of Online Scarce Promotion —Based on the Comparison of Planned Buying and Unplanned Buying. WHICEB 2013 Proceedings. 51: 247-257.
  • Zhu, M. and Ratner, R.K., (2015). Scarcity Polarizes Preferences: The Impact on Choice Among Multiple Items in a Product Class. Journal of Marketing Research, 72: 13–26.
  • Zourrig, H., Chebat, J.C. and Toffoli, R. (2009). Consumer Revenge Behavior: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Journal of Business Research, 62: 995-1001.
  • Xia L, Monroe K.B and Cox J.L. (2004). The price is unfair A conceptual framework of price fairness perceptions. Journal of Marketing, 68(4): 1–15.

What about the Post-Scarcity Period? The Latent Effects of Scarcity Promotions

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 49 - 74, 01.06.2020

Öz

The objective of this study is to measure the latent effects of scarcity promotions on brand attitude and purchase intentions. The experimental design includes the result of the attempt to benefit from scarcity promotion as the manipulated factor. The findings of the study confirm the positive influence of scarcity promotions. However, when consumers fail to benefit from the promotion due to the limited number of products offered, their brand attitude and purchase intention levels deteriorate. In case they make several attempts and still fail, they react even more negatively. Based on these findings, some practical implications are provided

Kaynakça

  • Amaldoss, W. and S. Jain. (2005). Conspicuous consumption and sophisticated thinking. Management Science, 51(10): 1449–66.
  • Amaldoss, W. and Jain, S. (2010). Reference groups and product line decisions: an experimental investigation of limited editions and product proliferation. Management Science, 56(4): 621-644.
  • Aggarwal, P., Jun, S. Y., and Huh, J. H. (2011). Scarcity messages: A consumer competition perspective. Journal of Advertising, 40: 19–30.
  • Bae, Y. and Lee, S. (2005). The effect of scarcity message on consumer’s purchase intention in the internet shopping mall. Asia Pacific Advances in Consumer Research, 6: 252-258.
  • Blumberg, P. (1974). The decline and fall of the status symbol: some thoughts on status in a postindustrial society. Social Problems, 21(1): 480–98.
  • Bone, P. F. and Ellen, P. S. (1992). The Generation and Consequences of Communication-Evoked Imagery. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(June): 93-104.
  • Bozzolo, A.M. and Brock, T.C. (1992). Unavailability effects on message processing: A theoretical analysis and an empirical test. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 13(1): 93-101.
  • Brehm, J. W. (1966). A theory of psychological reactance. Oxford, England: Academic Press.
  • Brock, T. C. (1968). Implications of Commodity Theory for Value Change. New York: Academic Press.
  • Brock, T.C. and Mazzocco, P.J. (2003). Responses to Scarcity: A Commodity Theory Perspective on Reactance and Rumination. Ed. Wright, R.A., Greenberg, J. & Brehm, S.S. 129-148. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Book, A.S., Starzyk, K.B. and Quinsey, V.L. 2001. The Relationship Between Testosterone and Aggression: A Meta-Analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 6(6): 579–99.
  • Chao, R.F. and Liao, P.C. (2016). The Impact of Brand Image and Discounted Price on Purchase Intention in Outlet Mall: Consumer Attitude as Mediator. The Journal of Global Business Management, 12(2): 120-128.
  • Chen, H.-J. and Sun, T.-H. (2014). Clarifying the Impact of Product Scarcity and Perceived Uniqueness in Buyers’ Purchase Behavior of Games of Limited- Amount Version. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 26: 232–249.
  • Cialdini, R. B. (2001). Influence: Science and Practice, 4th edition. Massachusetts: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Clee, M.A. and Wicklund, R.A. (1980). Consumer Behavior and Psychological Reactance. Journal of Consumer Research, 6: 389-401.
  • DeSteno, D., Petty, R. E., Rucker, D. D.,Wegener, D. T., and Braverman, J. (2004). Discrete emotions and persuasion: the role of emotion-induced expectancies. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86: 43–56.
  • Donovan, D. M., Smyth, L., Paige, A. B., and O’Leary, M. R. (1975). Relationships among locus of control, self-concept, and anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(4): 682–684.
  • Dunn, J. R., and Schweitzer, M. E. (2005). Feeling and believing: the influence of emotion on trust. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(5): 736–748.
  • Eisend, M. (2008). Explaining the impact of scarcity appeals in advertising. Journal of Advertising, 37(Fall): 33-40.
  • Herpen, E. v., Pieters, R., and Zeelenberg, M. (2009). When demand accelerates demand: Trailing the bandwagon. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19: 302-312.
  • Jallow, H. and Dastane, O. (2016). Effect of sales promotion schemes on purchase quantity: A study plan of Malaysian Consumers. Management & Marketing, 14(2): 299-320.
  • Jung, J. M., and Kellaris, J. J. (2004). Cross-national differences in proneness to scarcity effects: The moderating role of familiarity, uncertainty avoidance, and need for cognitive closure. Psychology and Marketing, 21: 739–753.
  • Garg, P. and Kaur, A. (2014). A Study of Impact of Sales Promotions on Brand Switching and Stock Piling Behavior of Consumers for Electronics & Apparels Industry. Review of Professional Management- A Journal of New Delhi Institute of Management, 12(1): 59-66.
  • Gierl, H. and Huettl, V. (2010). Are scarce products always more attractable? The interaction of different types of scarcity signals with products’ suitability for conspicuous consumption. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 27: 225-235.
  • Grewal, D., Krishnan, R., Baker, J. and Borin, N. (1998). The Effect of Store Name, Brand Name and Price Discounts on Consumers’ Evaluations and Purchase Intentions. Journal of Retailing, 74: 331-352.
  • Gupta, S. (2013). The Psychological Effects of Perceived Scarcity on Consumers’ Buying Behavior. Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research from the College of Business, 41.
  • Herpen, E. v., Pieters, R., and Zeelenberg, M. (2009). When demand accelerates demand: Trailing the bandwagon. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19: 302-312.
  • Herpen, E., Pieters, R., Zeelenberg, M. (2014). When Less Sells More or Less: The Scarcity Principle in Wine Choice. Food Quality and Preference 36: 153–160.
  • Inman, J. J., Peter, A. C. & Raghubir, P. (1997). Framing the deal: the role of restrictions in accentuating deal value. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(1): 68-79.
  • Jung, J. M., & Kellaris, J. J. (2004). Cross-national Differences in Proneness to Scarcity Effects: The Moderating Roles of Familiarity, Uncertainty Avoidance, and Need for Cognitive Closure. Psychology & Marketing, 21(9): 739-753.
  • Kim, S., Haley, E. and Koo, G.Y. (2009). Comparison of the Paths From Consumer Involvement Types To Ad Responses Between Corporate Advertising And Product Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 38(3): 67-80.
  • Kopalle, P.K., Mela, C.F. and Marsh, L. (1999). The Dynamic Effect of Discounting on Sales: Empirical Analysis and Normative Pricing Implications. Marketing Science, 18(3): 317-332.
  • Kristofferson, K. , McFerran, B., Morales, A.C. and Dahl, D.W. (2017). The dark side of scarcity promotions: How exposure to limited quantity promotions can induce aggression. Journal of Consumer Research, 43: 683-706.
  • Lee, Y. H. and Mason, C. (1999). Responses to Information Incongruency in Advertising: The Role of Expectancy, Relevancy, and Humor. Journal of Consumer Research, 26(September): 156-169.
  • Lee, Y. H. (2000). Manipulating Ad Message Involvement through Information Expectancy: Effects on Attitude Evaluation and Confidence. Journal of Advertising, 29(2): 29-43.
  • Lee, S.Y. and Seidle, R. (2012). Narcissists as Consumers: The Effects of Perceived Scarcity on Processing of Product Information. Social Behavior and Personality, 40: 1485–1500.
  • Lerner, J. S., and Keltner, D. (2000). Beyond valence: toward a model of emotion- specific influences on judgment and choice. Cognition and Emotion, 14(4): 473–493.
  • Lessne, G. J. (1987). The impact of advertised sale duration on consumer perceptions. Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science, 10: 115-117.
  • Lynn, M. and Harris, J. (1997). The desire for unique consumer products: A new individual differences scale. Psychology & Marketing, 14(6): 601-616.
  • Lynn, P. (1991). Scarcity effects on value: A quantitative review of the commodity theory literature. Psychology & Marketing, 8(1): 43-57.
  • Oruc, R. (2015). The Effects of Product Scarcity on Consumer Behavior: A Meta- Analysis. Doctoral Dissertation. European University Viadrina.
  • Oxford English Dictionary (2018). https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/ Accessed on 13.11.2018.
  • Parker, J.R. and Lehmann, D.R. (2011). When shelf-based scarcity impacts consumer preferences. Journal of Retailing, 87(2): 142-155.
  • Ramanathan, S. and Dhar, S. (2010). The Effect of Sales Promotions on the Size and Composition of the Shopping Basket: Regulatory Compatibility from Framing and Temporal Restrictions. Journal of Marketing Research XLVII: 542–552.
  • Rosenberg, B. and Siegel, .T. (2017). A 50-year review of psychological reactance theory: Do not read this article. Motivation Science, 4(4): 281-300.
  • Roseman, I. J. (1984). Cognitive determinants of emotion: a structural theory. Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 5: 11–36.
  • Schins, M. (2014). The influence of quantity scarcity and time restrictions on consumer preference and purchase intention. Management, Economics and Consumer Studies. Wageningen University.
  • Stewart, D.W. (2009). Marketing accountability: Linking marketing actions to financial results. Journal of Business Research, 62(2009): 636-643.
  • Suri, R., Kohli, C., and Monroe, K. B. (2007). The effects of perceived scarcity on consumers’ processing of price information. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 35: 89–100.
  • Snyder, C. R. and Fromkin, H. L. (1977). Abnormality as a Positive Characteristic: The Development and Validation of a Scale Measuring Need for Uniqueness. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 86(5): 518-27.
  • Sözer, E.G. (2009). Postmodern Pazarlama: Marka Çağında Liderlik için PIM Modeli, İstanbul: Beta.
  • Teng, L. (2009). A comparison of two types of price discounts in shifting consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions. Journal of Business Research, 62(2009): 14-21.
  • Verhallen, T.M. and Robben, H.S.J. (1994). Scarcity and Preference: An Experiment on Unavailability and Product Evaluation, Journal of Economic Psychology, 15(2): 315-331.
  • Weiner, B. (1980). A cognitive (attribution)-emotion-action model of motivated behavior: an analysis of judgments of help-giving. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 39: 186–200.
  • Wierenga, B., and Soethoudt, H. (2010). Sales promotions and channel coordination. Original Empirical Research, 38(30): 383-397.
  • Worchel, S., Lee, J., and Adewole, A. (1975). Effects of supply and demand on ratings of object value. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(5): 906-914.
  • Zheng, X., Liu, N. and Zhao, L. (2013). A Study of the Effectiveness of Online Scarce Promotion —Based on the Comparison of Planned Buying and Unplanned Buying. WHICEB 2013 Proceedings. 51: 247-257.
  • Zhu, M. and Ratner, R.K., (2015). Scarcity Polarizes Preferences: The Impact on Choice Among Multiple Items in a Product Class. Journal of Marketing Research, 72: 13–26.
  • Zourrig, H., Chebat, J.C. and Toffoli, R. (2009). Consumer Revenge Behavior: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. Journal of Business Research, 62: 995-1001.
  • Xia L, Monroe K.B and Cox J.L. (2004). The price is unfair A conceptual framework of price fairness perceptions. Journal of Marketing, 68(4): 1–15.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Edin Güçlü Sözer Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Sözer, E. G. (2020). What about the Post-Scarcity Period? The Latent Effects of Scarcity Promotions. Pazarlama Ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(1), 49-74.