Problems of the Application of Human Rights Law instead of the Law of Occupation by the State of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territories in the Context of Primitive Accumulation and Settler Colonialism

Öz

This study aims to examine the policies pursued by the State of Israel in the occupied Palestinian territories within the framework of the theories of primitive accumulation and settler colonialism and to reveal the drawbacks of the State of Israel's application of human rights law instead of the law of occupation in the occupied Palestinian territories in the given context. Primitive accumulation involves the incorporation of things into the capitalist relation and the detachment of producers from the means of production in the emergence of the capitalist mode of production. The extraterritorial aspect of primitive accumulation corresponds to colonialism. Colonial/settler colonial policies can be counted among the forms acquired by the primitive accumulation process. The structural relationship between primitive accumulation and settler colonialism shows the relationship between the settler- colonial policies carried out by the State of Israel in the occupied Palestinian territories and the capitalist mode of production. This relationship is of particular importance in the context of the State of Israel's tendency to apply human rights law instead of occupation law in the occupied Palestinian territories. The application of human rights law allows colonial policies to be disguised under legal cover. It enables the settlers to retain ownership of the lands and other things confiscated through colonial practices. The case of Beit Sourik Village Council, which we examined in the context of our study, shows how the Israeli Supreme Court justifies settler colonial land grabs through legalisation while using human rights law to protect settlers' property rights independent of their colonial nature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Palestine
• Human Rights Law
• Primitive Accumulation
• Occupation Law
• Settler-Colonialism
• International Law

İlkel Birikim ve Yerleşimci Sömürgecilik Bağlamında İşgal Altındaki Filistin Topraklarında İsrail Devleti Tarafından İşgal Hukuku Yerine İnsan Hakları Hukukunun Uygulanmasının Sorunları

Öz

Elinizdeki çalışma, İsrail Devleti’nin işgal altında tuttuğu Filistin topraklarında izlediği politikaları ilkel birikim ve yerleşimci sömürgecilik kuramları çerçevesinde incelemek ve İsrail Devleti’nin işgal atındaki Filistin topraklarında işgal hukuku yerine insan hakları hukukunu uygulamasının sakıncalarını yerleşimci sömürgecilik bağlamında ortaya koymak amaçlarını gütmektedir. Yerleşimci sömürgeci politikalar İsrail Devleti bağlamında yapısal bir özellik arz etmektedir. İlkel birikim kapitalist üretim tarzının ortaya çıkış sürecinde şeylerin sermaye ilişkisine dahli ve üreticilerin üretim araçlarından koparılmasını kapsamakta, ilkel birikimin ülke dışı veçhesi ise sömürgeciliğe tekabül etmektedir. İlkel birikim süreçlerinin sömürgecilikle olan bağı, sömürgeci politikaların ilkel birikim bağlamında değerlendirilmesini gerektirmektedir. Yerleşimci sömürgeci politikalar da bu bağlamda ilkel birikim pratiklerini bünyelerinde ihtiva etmektedirler. Ama yerleşimci sömürgeciliği klasik sömürgecilikten ayıran, İsrail Devleti’nin politikalarında da görülebileceği üzere sömürgeleştirilen toprakların yerli halkının yerinden edilmesinin ve topraklarına el konulmasının belirleyici nitelikte olmasıdır. İlkel birikim ve yerleşimci sömürgecilik arasındaki yapısal ilişki, İsrail Devleti’nin işgal altındaki Filistin topraklarında yürüttüğü yerleşimci sömürgeci politikaların kapitalist üretim tarzı ile olan ilişkisini gösterir. Söz konusu yapısal ilişki İsrail Devleti’nin işgal altında tuttuğu Filistin topraklarında kurduğu yerleşimlere ilişkin uyuşmazlıklarda işgal hukukundan ziyade insan hakları hukukunu uygulamaya yönelmesi bağlamında özel bir önemi haizdir. İşgal hukuku yerine insan hakları hukukunun uygulanması, sömürgeci politikaların hukuki bir kılıf altında gizlenmesini sağlamakta ve sömürgecilik yoluyla el konulup yerleşimcilere dağıtılan topraklar ve sair şeylerin mülkiyetinin yerleşimcilerde kalmasına olanak vermektedir. Çalışmamız kapsamında incelediğimiz Beit Sourik Köy Konseyi davası örneği bize İsrail Yüksek Mahkemesi’nin yerleşimci sömürgeci toprak gasplarını hukuksallaştırma yoluyla aklarken insan hakları hukukunu yerleşimcilerin mülkiyet haklarını sömürgeci niteliğinden bağımsız bir biçimde korumak üzerine nasıl kullandığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Filistin
• İnsan Hakları Hukuku
• İlkel Birikim
• İsrail
• İşgal Hukuku
• Yerleşimci Sömürgecilik
• Uluslararası Hukuk

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