Uluslararası Ticari Tahkimde Taraf Vekillerine Uygulanan Etik Kurallar ve Uygulamada Karşılaşılan Sorunlar

Öz

Uluslararası ticari tahkimde taraflar kimi zaman birden çok baroya bağlı bulunan, kimi zaman herhangi bir baroya bağlı bulunmayan veya hukuk eğitimi görmemiş bir veya birden çok vekil tarafından temsil edilmekte, tahkim yargılaması çoğunlukla taraf vekillerinin ikisinin de bağlı bulunmadığı tahkim yerlerinde cereyan etmektedir. Uluslararası tahkimin niteliği itibarıyla oluşan bu çeşitlilik taraf vekillerine birden çok ve bazı durumlarda çelişen etik kuralların uygulanmasına sebep olmakta, bu belirsizlik taraf vekillerine hangi etik kuralların uygulanacağı, etik kuralların ihlali halinde yaptırımın hangi otorite tarafından sağlanacağı, hakem kurullarının taraf vekillerini cezalandırma yetkileri bulunup bulunmadığı hususlarında birçok soruyu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışmada uluslararası ticari tahkimde taraf vekillerine uygulanan mevcut kurallar incelenecek, bu kuralların içeriği ve uygulamada karşılaşılan zorluklar değerlendirilecek ve son olarak mevcut düzenlemelerdeki eksiklikler ile yaptırım sorunu tartışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uluslararası ticari tahkim,Etik,Pratik uygulama,Konular

Ethical Rules Applicable to Party Representatives in International Commercial Arbitration and Difficulties Encountered in Practice

Öz

Parties in international commercial arbitration are represented either by one or more party representatives registered with multiple bars or not registered with a bar at all or by a layperson. The seat of arbitration is usually where neither party’s representative is licensed. This diversity arising out of the very nature of international arbitration gives rise to the application of multiple ethical rules to party’s representatives and brings up the question of which ethical rules shall be applicable to parties’ representatives, who shall be the competent authority in case of breach and whether the arbitral tribunals have legitimate power to sanction the parties’ representatives. In this article, we first examine existing ethical rules regulating the conduct of party representatives in international arbitration. Then we explain the content and difficulties encountered in the application of the said rules. Finally, we discuss the gaps of the current regulations and the enforcement issue. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• International commercial arbitration,Party representatives,Ethics,Practical application,Issues

Kaynakça

1. Balkar B S, Milletlerarası Ticari Tahkimde Hakemlerin Bağımsızlık Yükümlülüğü, (Onikilevha Yayınları, 2016).
2. Bishop R D, Stevens M, ‘Safeguarding the Fair Conduct of Proceedings – Report’, ICCA Congress Series, Kluwer Law International, (2013).
3. Born B G, International Commercial Arbitration, 2nd, (2014) Kluwer Law International.
4. Dasser F, Gauthey F, “La bonne foi dans l’arbitrage” (2015) ASA Bulletin, Kluwer Law International.
5. Dasser F, ‘Equality of Arms in International Arbitration: Do Rules and Guidelines Level the Playing Field and Properly Regulate Conduct? – Can They? Will They? Should They? The Example of the IBA Guidelines on Party Representation’ (2017) ICCA Congress Series, Kluwer Law International.
6. Halprin A P, ‘Resisting Guerrilla Tactics in International Arbitration’, The International Journal of Arbitration, Mediation and Dispute Management (2019) 85, Thomson Reuters, England.
7. Heitzmann P, ‘Confidentiality and Privileges in Cross-border Legal Practice: the Need for Global Standards?’ (2008) ASA Bulletin, 205.
8. Henry M, ‘Ethique et arbitrage, ou la solitude du coureur de fond’, Revue de l’Arbitrage, (2016) 2016 (3), 734, 748.

9. Hodges P, “International Arbitration: Time to Draw the Line?” (2015) Austrian Yearbook on International Arbitration.
10. Marzolini P, ‘Counsel Ethics in International Arbitration: Is There Any Need for Regulation?’ (2017) S 2, Indian Journal of Arbitration Law.
11. Nessi S, ‘Creation of a Global Arbitration Ethics Council: the Swiss Arbitration Association declares that time has not yet come’ Erişim Tarihi: 04.12.2018.
12. Osmanoğlu B, ‘Third-Party Funding in International Commercial Arbitration and Arbitrator Conflict of Interest’ (2015) S 3, 32 Kluwer Law International, Journal of International Arbitration. Reisman W M, ‘Nullity and Revision: The Review and Enforcement of International Judgements and Awards’ (1971) Yale University Press.
13. Rogers A C, ‘Fit and Function in Legal Ethics: Developing a Code of Conduct for International Arbitration’, Erişim Tarihi: 04.12.2018.
14. Wessel J, McAllister G, ‘Towards a Workable Approach to Ethical Regulation in International Arbitration’ (2015) 10(2) Canadian International Lawyer.
15. Zharikov A, ‘Conflicts and Ethics in International Arbitration’ (2019) The International Journal of Arbitration, Mediation and Dispute Management, 85, Thomson Reuters, England.