Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Labraunda, Hypostyle Çeşmesi Cam Buluntuları Üzerine Tipolojik ve Kronolojik Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5, 95 - 121, 27.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1645077

Öz

Çalışmamızda, Karia Bölgesi’nde Zeus Labraundos kutsal alanında yer alan ve
kutsal alanın en dikkat çekici yapılarından birini oluşturan Hypostile Çeşmesinden
ele geçen cam buluntuları ele alınmaktadır. Labraunda’daki en büyük, olasılıkla en
erken ve en anıtsal çeşme evi olarak kabul edilen Hypostile Çeşmesi’nin kazı ve belgeleme çalışmaları 2013-2015 yılları arasında tamamlanmıştır. Mimari teknikler
ve diğer arkeolojik veriler çeşmenin Hekatomnid satraplığı (MÖ y. 395-330)
himayesinde inşa edildiğini büyük ölçüde göstermektedir. Yapının kullanımına
ilişkin kronolojik yelpaze, bu dönemden başlayarak Orta Bizans Dönemi içlerine
kadar süren geniş bir dönemi kapsamaktadır.
Burada sunulan çalışma 2014-2017 yıllarında gerçekleştirilen Labraunda cam
projesinin bir basamağı ve önemli bir bileşenidir. Bahsi geçen proje, Labraunda kazılarının
başlangıcı olan 1948 yıllarından 2016 yılına kadar Labraunda içerisinde
tespit edilen tüm cam kapların dokümantasyonunu ve tipolojik değerlendirmesini
içermektedir. Dolayısıyla Hypostile Çeşmesi cam buluntularını, kutsal alanının
diğer sektörlerinde tespit edilen buluntularla karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmek
mümkün olmuştur. Yapının cam buluntuları yapının karakterini ortaya
koymaya yetecek nicelik ve niteliktedir. Yapım ve dekorasyon teknikleri, farklı
formlar ve renkler açısından zengindir. Buluntular arasında tipolojik olarak son
derece karakteristik örnekler olmakla birlikte hem bölge hem de dönemin diğer
buluntu merkezleri açısından tekil kabul edilebilecek örnekler de söz konusudur.
Dahası, yapının kullanım dönemlerini de cam buluntularla paralel olarak takip
etmek mümkünüdür.

Kaynakça

  • Akkuş Koçak 2021, Akkuş Koçak, E., Metropolis Aşağı Hamam Palestra Cam Buluntuları, Ph.D. diss., Gazi University.
  • Baran 2010, Baran, A., “Labraunda Kutsal Yolu ve Antik Dönem Çeşme Yapıları / The Sacred Way to Labraunda and Ancient Spring Houses”, Mylasa Labraunda – Milas Çomakdağ, Güney Ege Bölgesinde Arkeoloji ve Kırsal Mimari, Milli Reasürans Sanat Galerisi, 121-139.
  • Baran 2011, Baran, A., “The Sacred Way and the spring houses of Labraunda sanctuary”, Labraunda and Karia, Proceedings of the International Symposium Commemorating Sixty Years of Swedish Archaeological Work in Labraunda, BOREAS. Uppsala Studies in Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Civilizations 32, 51-99.
  • Baybo 2003, Baybo, S., Patara Kazıları’ndan (1989-2001) Ele Geçen Cam Eserler, MA. Diss., Akdeniz University.
  • Baybo 2016, Bayno, S., Limyra Cam Buluntuları (1969 – 2012 ) ve Doğu Akdeniz Cam Ticareti, Phd. Diss., Selçuk Üniversity.
  • Blid 2009, Blid, J., “Late Antique Glass in Sacred Context: A hagiasma at Carian Labraunda”, Late Antique / Early Byzantine Glass in the Eastern Mediterranean (ed. E. Laflı), İzmir, 139-150.
  • Blid 2010, Blid, J., “Roma ve Bizans Döneminde Labraunda / Roman and Byzantine Labraunda”, Mylasa Labraunda – Milas Çomakdağ, Güney Ege Bölgesinde Arkeoloji ve Kırsal Mimari, Milli Reasürans Sanat Galerisi, 81-93.
  • Blid 2016, Blid, J., Labraunda 4: Remains of Late Antiquity, Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, Stockholm.
  • Blid 2019, Blid, J., “Architectural Polychromy at Hekatomnid Labraunda”, Restituer les couleurs, Reconstruction of Polychromy, Actes du colloque 29-30 novembre et 1er décembre 2017, Bordeaux, 113-125.
  • Buluç 2023, Buluç, N., “Perge Güney Bazilika Kazılarında Ele Geçen Cam ve Metal Buluntular”, Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı, 32, 141-176.
  • Contardi 2009, Contardi, S., “Late Antique Glass from Iasos”, (ed. E. Laflı) Late Antique/Early Byzantine Glass in the Eastern Mediterranean, İzmir, 123-132.
  • Crowfoot 1957, Crowfoot G. M. Glass. (in J. W. Crowfoot - G. M. Crowfoot - K. M. Kenyon), Samaria-Sebastia III: The Objects from Samaria. London, 403–422.
  • Çakmaklı 2012, Çakmaklı, Ö. D., Karia Bölgesi Roma Dönemi Cam Kap Tipolojisi, Ph.D. diss., Ankara University.
  • Çakmaklı 2017, Çakmaklı, Ö. D., “Zeus Labraundos Kutsal Alanı Su Kompleksi Kazıları Cam Buluntuları”, Seleucia VII, 279-296.
  • Çakmaklı 2021, Çakmaklı, Ö. D., “Recent Evidences on ancient glass processing in the Southwestern Anatolian Region (Caria, Psidia, Cilicia Aspera”, Roman Glass Furnices, Contexts, Finds and Reconstruction in Synthesis, Saarland, 43-55.
  • Dussart 1998, Dussart, O., Le Verre en Jordanie et en Syrie du Sud, Beyrouth.
  • Ergenç 2015, Ergenç, D., “Mortiers hellénistiques et romains”, in Henry et al. Labraunda 2014, Anatolia Antiqua XXIII, 306-309.
  • Erten 2003, Erten, E., “Glass Finds from Olba Survey-2001”, OLBA VII, Mersin, 145-154.
  • Erten 2018, Erten, E., Silifke Müzesi Cam Kataloğu, Ankara.
  • Gençler 2000, Gençler, Ç., “I vetri di Hierapolis/Hierapolis Camları”, Ricerche Archeologiche Turche Nella Vale Del Lykos/Lykos Vadisi Türk Arkeoloji Araştırmaları, 209-289.
  • Gençler – Güray 2013, Gençler-Güray, Ç., “Menderes Magnesiası Theatron Kazısı Cam Buluntuları”, Orhan Bingöl’e 67. yaş Armağanı, (ed. in G. Kökdemir), Ankara.
  • Gill 2002, Gill, M. A. V., Amorium Reports. Finds I, The Glass (1987–1997), Oxford.
  • Gorin Rosen - Israeli 2023, Gorin Rosen, Y. - Israeli, Y., “Early Roman Glass Vessels from Areas F-2, P and P-2”, Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem (Conducted by Nahman Avigad, 1969-1982), Volume IX: Small Finds: The Palatial Mansion (Areas F-2, P and P-2) and Other Studies, Final Report, Jerusalem, 308-340.
  • Gorin Rosen - Katsnelson 2022, Gorin Rosen, Y. - Katsnelson, N., “The Glass Vessels from the Pools of ‘Ein el-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader,” ‘Atiqot: Vol. 107, 111–141.
  • Grossmann 2013, Grossmann, R. A. - Glass, W. Aylward (ed.) Excavations at Zeugma, Oxford Archaeology, II, Los Altos, 218-258.
  • Harden 1981, Harden, D. B., Catalogue of Greek and Roman Glass in the British Museum, Vol I, London.
  • Hayes 1972, Hayes, J. W., Late Roman Pottery. British Scholl at Rome.
  • Hayes 1975, Hayes, J. W., Roman and Pre-Roman Glass in the Royal Ontario Museum, A Catalogue, Toronto.
  • Hellström 1965, Hellström, P., Labraunda Swedish Excavations and Researches Vol. II Part 1: Pottery of Classical and Later Date, Terracotta Lamps and Glass, CWK Gleerup, Lund.
  • Hellström 2007, Hellström, P., Labraunda: a guide to the Karian sanctuary of Zeus Labraundos, Istanbul.
  • Höpken – Çakmaklı 2015, Höpken, C. - Çakmaklı, Ö. D., Fragile Splendour: Glass in the Medusa Collection in Gaziantep, Bonn.
  • Isings 1957, Isıngs, C., Roman Glass from Dated Finds, Gröningen.
  • Jennings 2004-2005, Jennings, S., Vessel glass from Beirut. BEY 006,07,045. Archaeology of the Beiruts Souks 2. AUB and ACRE Excavations in Beirut, 1994-1996. Berytus Archaeological Studies XLVIII-XLIX.
  • Karlsson 2010, Karlsson, L., “Labraunda: Göğün Hava Tanrısı’na Adanan Kutsal Alan / Labraunda: The Sanctuary of the Weather God of Heaven”, Mylasa Labraunda – Milas Çomakdağ, Güney Ege Bölgesinde Arkeoloji ve Kırsal Mimari, Milli Reasürans Sanat Galerisi, 10-63.
  • Kucharczyk 2004, Kucharczyk, R., Two Roman toilet bottles from Kom el-Dikka. PAM, 15, 43–45.
  • Lightfoot 1993, Lightfoot, C., A Catalogue of the Glass Finds: Sagalassos 1990, in: M. Waelkens (ed.), Sagalassos I, First General Report on the Survey (1986-1989) and Excavations (1990-1991) [Acta Archaeologica Lovaniensia Monographiae 5], Leuven, 173-193.
  • Lightfoot 1993, Lightfoot, C., “Recent finds of Roman Glass from the Tigris in South-East Turkey”, AIHV 12, 89-98.
  • Lightfoot 1995, Lightfoot, C. S., “Some Examples of Ancient Cast and Ribbed Bowls in Turkey”, Jornal Of Glass Studies, No. 37, 22-39.
  • Majcherek 2018, Majcherek, G., “Alexandria Kom el-Dikka. Season 2017”, Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 27 (1), 35-56.
  • Özen 2001, Özen, S., Die schlichten Gräber von Kaunos und verwandte Bestattungen im westlichen Kleinasien, Phd.diss., Christian-AlbrechtsUniversität zu Kiel.
  • Özet 1998, Özet, A., Dipten Gelen Parıltı: Bodrum Sualtı Arkeoloji Müzesi Cam Eserleri, Milli Kütüphane Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Price – Cottam 2001, Price, J. – Cottam, S., ‘Glass vessels’ in Leach, P. Excavation of a Romano British Roadside Settlement in Somerset: Fosse Lane, Shepton Mallet, 1990, Britannia Monogr. Ser. 18, 170-176.
  • Rojas et al. 2014, Rojas, F. - Gosner, L. - Dufton, A. - Waters, A., “The Hypostile Building”, in Henry et al. Labraunda 2013, Anatolia Antiqua XXIII, 304-316.
  • Rojas, F. et al. 2015, Rojas, F. - Commito, A. - De Staebler, P., “La fontaine Hypostyle”, in Henry et al. Labraunda 2014, Anatolia Antiqua XXIII, 366-384.
  • Rowe 2004, Rowe, A. H., Reconsedering Late Roman Cyprus: Using New Material from Nea Paphos to Review Current Artefact Typologies, Department of Classical Archaeology, Ph.D. diss, Universty of Sidney.
  • Rütti 1991, Rütti, B., Die römischen Gläser aus Äugst und Kaiseraugst, Forschungen in Äugst, 13/1 und 13/2, Basel. von Saldern 1980, von Saldern, A. Ancient and Byzantine Glass from Sardis, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusets, London, England.
  • Savur-Yıldız 2016, Savur-Yılsız, S., “Smyrna Agorasındaki Geç Antik Çağ Buluntuları”, M.A. diss, Dokuz Eylül University.
  • Schatzchock 2009, Schatzchock, M., “Glass From Terrace House 2 at Ephesus.” Late Antique/Early Byzantine Glass in the Eastern Mediterranean, (ed. E. Laflı), İzmir, 115-122.
  • Schwarzer – Rehren 2021, “Glass Finds from Pergamon. A Report on the Results of Recent Archaeological and Archaeometric Research”, (ed. in. F. Klimscha - H. Karlsen - S. Hansen - J. Renn), From Artificial Stone to Translucent Mass-Product, Berlin Studies of the Ancient World, 161-217.
  • Semiz 2021, Semiz, Ö., Zeugma A, B, Danea ve Dionysos Evleri Cam Buluntuları, M.A. diss., Ankara University. Sternini 1999, Sternini, M., “I vetri provenienti dagli scavi della missione Italiana a Cartagine (1973-1977)”, JGS 41, 83-103.
  • Sternini 2001, Sternini, M., “Reperti in vetro da un deposito tardoantico sul colle Palatino”, JGS 43, 21-75.
  • Taştemür 2007, Taştemür, E., Klaros Cam Eserleri, M.A. diss., Trakya University, Edirne.
  • Taştemür 2018, Taştemür E., “Antik Cam Fırınları ve Anadolu Örnekleri”, TÜBA-AR 22, 203-229.
  • Taştemür 2021a, Taştemür, E., “Glass Finds Found During Surveys and Excavations in Sebaste and its Surroundings (Sebaste ve Çevresinde Yüzey Araştırması ve Kazılarda Ele Geçen Cam Eserler)”, City and Its Surrounding: Results of the Excavations 1966-1978 and the Survey 2016-2020 SEBASTE (PHRYGIA), 289-315.
  • Taştemür 2021b, Taştemür, E., “Nort-West Anatolian Glass Furnaces”, Roman Glass Furnices, Contexts, Finds and Reconstruction in Synthesis, Saarland, 31-43.
  • Taştemür-Dinç 2024, Taştemür, E. - Dinç M., “Aksaz Thermal Complex: An Evaluation in Terms of Glass Finds and Settlement Archaeology”, Gephyra 27, 171-208.
  • Tek 2005, Tek, A. T., “Antik Dönem’de Anadolu’da Cam Üretimi”, SERES, Türk Seramik Derneği Yayını, 108-123.
  • Vessberg – Westholm 1956, Vessberg, O. - Westholm, A., The Swedish Cyprus Expedition Vol. IV. Part 3: The Hellenistic and Roman Periods in Cyprus, Stockholm.
  • Weinberg 1988, Weinberg, G. D., Excavations at Jalame: Site of a Glass Factory in Late Roman Palestine, University of Missouri Press, Columbia.
  • Weinberg – Stern 2009, Weinberg, G. D. - Stern, M., The Athenian Agora: Vessel Glass, Results of Excavations Conducted by The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol. XXXIV, Princeton, New Jersey.

A Typological and Chronological Assessment of The Glass Artifacts From The Hypostyle Fountain at Labraunda

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5, 95 - 121, 27.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1645077

Öz

This study examines the glass artifacts recovered from the Hypostyle Fountain,
situated within the sanctuary of Zeus Labraundos in the Caria Region, which
is recognized as one of the most significant structures of the site. The excavation
and documentation of the Hypostyle Fountain, recognized as the largest, possibly
the earliest, and most monumental fountain house at Labraunda, were completed
between 2013 and 2015. Architectural techniques and archaeological evidence suggest
that the fountain was constructed during the Hecatomnid satrapy (c. 395-330
BC). The chronological range of the building’s use spans a considerable period,
commencing in this period and extending into the Middle Byzantine Period.
The work presented herein constitutes a significant advancement and a critical
component of the Labraunda Glass Project conducted from 2014 to 2017. This
project encompasses the documentation and typological evaluation of all glass vessels
uncovered at Labraunda from the start of the excavations in 1948 until 2016.
Hence, it was feasible to assess the glass artifacts from the Hypostyle Fountain in
relation to those from other sectors of the sanctuary. The quantity and quality of
the glass finds are sufficient to elucidate the character of the building. These artifacts
exhibit a diverse range of construction and decorative techniques, as well as
various forms and colors. The findings include typologically characteristic examples;
however, there are also instances that can be regarded as unique, both within
the region and across other find centers from the same period. It is also possible to
trace the periods of the building’s use in parallel with the glass artifacts.

Kaynakça

  • Akkuş Koçak 2021, Akkuş Koçak, E., Metropolis Aşağı Hamam Palestra Cam Buluntuları, Ph.D. diss., Gazi University.
  • Baran 2010, Baran, A., “Labraunda Kutsal Yolu ve Antik Dönem Çeşme Yapıları / The Sacred Way to Labraunda and Ancient Spring Houses”, Mylasa Labraunda – Milas Çomakdağ, Güney Ege Bölgesinde Arkeoloji ve Kırsal Mimari, Milli Reasürans Sanat Galerisi, 121-139.
  • Baran 2011, Baran, A., “The Sacred Way and the spring houses of Labraunda sanctuary”, Labraunda and Karia, Proceedings of the International Symposium Commemorating Sixty Years of Swedish Archaeological Work in Labraunda, BOREAS. Uppsala Studies in Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Civilizations 32, 51-99.
  • Baybo 2003, Baybo, S., Patara Kazıları’ndan (1989-2001) Ele Geçen Cam Eserler, MA. Diss., Akdeniz University.
  • Baybo 2016, Bayno, S., Limyra Cam Buluntuları (1969 – 2012 ) ve Doğu Akdeniz Cam Ticareti, Phd. Diss., Selçuk Üniversity.
  • Blid 2009, Blid, J., “Late Antique Glass in Sacred Context: A hagiasma at Carian Labraunda”, Late Antique / Early Byzantine Glass in the Eastern Mediterranean (ed. E. Laflı), İzmir, 139-150.
  • Blid 2010, Blid, J., “Roma ve Bizans Döneminde Labraunda / Roman and Byzantine Labraunda”, Mylasa Labraunda – Milas Çomakdağ, Güney Ege Bölgesinde Arkeoloji ve Kırsal Mimari, Milli Reasürans Sanat Galerisi, 81-93.
  • Blid 2016, Blid, J., Labraunda 4: Remains of Late Antiquity, Swedish Research Institute in Istanbul, Stockholm.
  • Blid 2019, Blid, J., “Architectural Polychromy at Hekatomnid Labraunda”, Restituer les couleurs, Reconstruction of Polychromy, Actes du colloque 29-30 novembre et 1er décembre 2017, Bordeaux, 113-125.
  • Buluç 2023, Buluç, N., “Perge Güney Bazilika Kazılarında Ele Geçen Cam ve Metal Buluntular”, Sanat Tarihi Yıllığı, 32, 141-176.
  • Contardi 2009, Contardi, S., “Late Antique Glass from Iasos”, (ed. E. Laflı) Late Antique/Early Byzantine Glass in the Eastern Mediterranean, İzmir, 123-132.
  • Crowfoot 1957, Crowfoot G. M. Glass. (in J. W. Crowfoot - G. M. Crowfoot - K. M. Kenyon), Samaria-Sebastia III: The Objects from Samaria. London, 403–422.
  • Çakmaklı 2012, Çakmaklı, Ö. D., Karia Bölgesi Roma Dönemi Cam Kap Tipolojisi, Ph.D. diss., Ankara University.
  • Çakmaklı 2017, Çakmaklı, Ö. D., “Zeus Labraundos Kutsal Alanı Su Kompleksi Kazıları Cam Buluntuları”, Seleucia VII, 279-296.
  • Çakmaklı 2021, Çakmaklı, Ö. D., “Recent Evidences on ancient glass processing in the Southwestern Anatolian Region (Caria, Psidia, Cilicia Aspera”, Roman Glass Furnices, Contexts, Finds and Reconstruction in Synthesis, Saarland, 43-55.
  • Dussart 1998, Dussart, O., Le Verre en Jordanie et en Syrie du Sud, Beyrouth.
  • Ergenç 2015, Ergenç, D., “Mortiers hellénistiques et romains”, in Henry et al. Labraunda 2014, Anatolia Antiqua XXIII, 306-309.
  • Erten 2003, Erten, E., “Glass Finds from Olba Survey-2001”, OLBA VII, Mersin, 145-154.
  • Erten 2018, Erten, E., Silifke Müzesi Cam Kataloğu, Ankara.
  • Gençler 2000, Gençler, Ç., “I vetri di Hierapolis/Hierapolis Camları”, Ricerche Archeologiche Turche Nella Vale Del Lykos/Lykos Vadisi Türk Arkeoloji Araştırmaları, 209-289.
  • Gençler – Güray 2013, Gençler-Güray, Ç., “Menderes Magnesiası Theatron Kazısı Cam Buluntuları”, Orhan Bingöl’e 67. yaş Armağanı, (ed. in G. Kökdemir), Ankara.
  • Gill 2002, Gill, M. A. V., Amorium Reports. Finds I, The Glass (1987–1997), Oxford.
  • Gorin Rosen - Israeli 2023, Gorin Rosen, Y. - Israeli, Y., “Early Roman Glass Vessels from Areas F-2, P and P-2”, Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem (Conducted by Nahman Avigad, 1969-1982), Volume IX: Small Finds: The Palatial Mansion (Areas F-2, P and P-2) and Other Studies, Final Report, Jerusalem, 308-340.
  • Gorin Rosen - Katsnelson 2022, Gorin Rosen, Y. - Katsnelson, N., “The Glass Vessels from the Pools of ‘Ein el-Jarab, Ḥammat Gader,” ‘Atiqot: Vol. 107, 111–141.
  • Grossmann 2013, Grossmann, R. A. - Glass, W. Aylward (ed.) Excavations at Zeugma, Oxford Archaeology, II, Los Altos, 218-258.
  • Harden 1981, Harden, D. B., Catalogue of Greek and Roman Glass in the British Museum, Vol I, London.
  • Hayes 1972, Hayes, J. W., Late Roman Pottery. British Scholl at Rome.
  • Hayes 1975, Hayes, J. W., Roman and Pre-Roman Glass in the Royal Ontario Museum, A Catalogue, Toronto.
  • Hellström 1965, Hellström, P., Labraunda Swedish Excavations and Researches Vol. II Part 1: Pottery of Classical and Later Date, Terracotta Lamps and Glass, CWK Gleerup, Lund.
  • Hellström 2007, Hellström, P., Labraunda: a guide to the Karian sanctuary of Zeus Labraundos, Istanbul.
  • Höpken – Çakmaklı 2015, Höpken, C. - Çakmaklı, Ö. D., Fragile Splendour: Glass in the Medusa Collection in Gaziantep, Bonn.
  • Isings 1957, Isıngs, C., Roman Glass from Dated Finds, Gröningen.
  • Jennings 2004-2005, Jennings, S., Vessel glass from Beirut. BEY 006,07,045. Archaeology of the Beiruts Souks 2. AUB and ACRE Excavations in Beirut, 1994-1996. Berytus Archaeological Studies XLVIII-XLIX.
  • Karlsson 2010, Karlsson, L., “Labraunda: Göğün Hava Tanrısı’na Adanan Kutsal Alan / Labraunda: The Sanctuary of the Weather God of Heaven”, Mylasa Labraunda – Milas Çomakdağ, Güney Ege Bölgesinde Arkeoloji ve Kırsal Mimari, Milli Reasürans Sanat Galerisi, 10-63.
  • Kucharczyk 2004, Kucharczyk, R., Two Roman toilet bottles from Kom el-Dikka. PAM, 15, 43–45.
  • Lightfoot 1993, Lightfoot, C., A Catalogue of the Glass Finds: Sagalassos 1990, in: M. Waelkens (ed.), Sagalassos I, First General Report on the Survey (1986-1989) and Excavations (1990-1991) [Acta Archaeologica Lovaniensia Monographiae 5], Leuven, 173-193.
  • Lightfoot 1993, Lightfoot, C., “Recent finds of Roman Glass from the Tigris in South-East Turkey”, AIHV 12, 89-98.
  • Lightfoot 1995, Lightfoot, C. S., “Some Examples of Ancient Cast and Ribbed Bowls in Turkey”, Jornal Of Glass Studies, No. 37, 22-39.
  • Majcherek 2018, Majcherek, G., “Alexandria Kom el-Dikka. Season 2017”, Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean 27 (1), 35-56.
  • Özen 2001, Özen, S., Die schlichten Gräber von Kaunos und verwandte Bestattungen im westlichen Kleinasien, Phd.diss., Christian-AlbrechtsUniversität zu Kiel.
  • Özet 1998, Özet, A., Dipten Gelen Parıltı: Bodrum Sualtı Arkeoloji Müzesi Cam Eserleri, Milli Kütüphane Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Price – Cottam 2001, Price, J. – Cottam, S., ‘Glass vessels’ in Leach, P. Excavation of a Romano British Roadside Settlement in Somerset: Fosse Lane, Shepton Mallet, 1990, Britannia Monogr. Ser. 18, 170-176.
  • Rojas et al. 2014, Rojas, F. - Gosner, L. - Dufton, A. - Waters, A., “The Hypostile Building”, in Henry et al. Labraunda 2013, Anatolia Antiqua XXIII, 304-316.
  • Rojas, F. et al. 2015, Rojas, F. - Commito, A. - De Staebler, P., “La fontaine Hypostyle”, in Henry et al. Labraunda 2014, Anatolia Antiqua XXIII, 366-384.
  • Rowe 2004, Rowe, A. H., Reconsedering Late Roman Cyprus: Using New Material from Nea Paphos to Review Current Artefact Typologies, Department of Classical Archaeology, Ph.D. diss, Universty of Sidney.
  • Rütti 1991, Rütti, B., Die römischen Gläser aus Äugst und Kaiseraugst, Forschungen in Äugst, 13/1 und 13/2, Basel. von Saldern 1980, von Saldern, A. Ancient and Byzantine Glass from Sardis, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusets, London, England.
  • Savur-Yıldız 2016, Savur-Yılsız, S., “Smyrna Agorasındaki Geç Antik Çağ Buluntuları”, M.A. diss, Dokuz Eylül University.
  • Schatzchock 2009, Schatzchock, M., “Glass From Terrace House 2 at Ephesus.” Late Antique/Early Byzantine Glass in the Eastern Mediterranean, (ed. E. Laflı), İzmir, 115-122.
  • Schwarzer – Rehren 2021, “Glass Finds from Pergamon. A Report on the Results of Recent Archaeological and Archaeometric Research”, (ed. in. F. Klimscha - H. Karlsen - S. Hansen - J. Renn), From Artificial Stone to Translucent Mass-Product, Berlin Studies of the Ancient World, 161-217.
  • Semiz 2021, Semiz, Ö., Zeugma A, B, Danea ve Dionysos Evleri Cam Buluntuları, M.A. diss., Ankara University. Sternini 1999, Sternini, M., “I vetri provenienti dagli scavi della missione Italiana a Cartagine (1973-1977)”, JGS 41, 83-103.
  • Sternini 2001, Sternini, M., “Reperti in vetro da un deposito tardoantico sul colle Palatino”, JGS 43, 21-75.
  • Taştemür 2007, Taştemür, E., Klaros Cam Eserleri, M.A. diss., Trakya University, Edirne.
  • Taştemür 2018, Taştemür E., “Antik Cam Fırınları ve Anadolu Örnekleri”, TÜBA-AR 22, 203-229.
  • Taştemür 2021a, Taştemür, E., “Glass Finds Found During Surveys and Excavations in Sebaste and its Surroundings (Sebaste ve Çevresinde Yüzey Araştırması ve Kazılarda Ele Geçen Cam Eserler)”, City and Its Surrounding: Results of the Excavations 1966-1978 and the Survey 2016-2020 SEBASTE (PHRYGIA), 289-315.
  • Taştemür 2021b, Taştemür, E., “Nort-West Anatolian Glass Furnaces”, Roman Glass Furnices, Contexts, Finds and Reconstruction in Synthesis, Saarland, 31-43.
  • Taştemür-Dinç 2024, Taştemür, E. - Dinç M., “Aksaz Thermal Complex: An Evaluation in Terms of Glass Finds and Settlement Archaeology”, Gephyra 27, 171-208.
  • Tek 2005, Tek, A. T., “Antik Dönem’de Anadolu’da Cam Üretimi”, SERES, Türk Seramik Derneği Yayını, 108-123.
  • Vessberg – Westholm 1956, Vessberg, O. - Westholm, A., The Swedish Cyprus Expedition Vol. IV. Part 3: The Hellenistic and Roman Periods in Cyprus, Stockholm.
  • Weinberg 1988, Weinberg, G. D., Excavations at Jalame: Site of a Glass Factory in Late Roman Palestine, University of Missouri Press, Columbia.
  • Weinberg – Stern 2009, Weinberg, G. D. - Stern, M., The Athenian Agora: Vessel Glass, Results of Excavations Conducted by The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Vol. XXXIV, Princeton, New Jersey.
Toplam 60 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Arkeoloji Bilimi, Klasik Dönem Arkeolojisi, Arkeoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Ömür Dünya Çakmaklı

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Şubat 2025
Kabul Tarihi 11 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Çakmaklı, Ö. D. (2025). A Typological and Chronological Assessment of The Glass Artifacts From The Hypostyle Fountain at Labraunda. PROPONTICA, 3(5), 95-121. https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1645077
AMA Çakmaklı ÖD. A Typological and Chronological Assessment of The Glass Artifacts From The Hypostyle Fountain at Labraunda. PROPONTICA. Mart 2025;3(5):95-121. doi:10.56170/propontica.1645077
Chicago Çakmaklı, Ömür Dünya. “A Typological and Chronological Assessment of The Glass Artifacts From The Hypostyle Fountain at Labraunda”. PROPONTICA 3, sy. 5 (Mart 2025): 95-121. https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1645077.
EndNote Çakmaklı ÖD (01 Mart 2025) A Typological and Chronological Assessment of The Glass Artifacts From The Hypostyle Fountain at Labraunda. PROPONTICA 3 5 95–121.
IEEE Ö. D. Çakmaklı, “A Typological and Chronological Assessment of The Glass Artifacts From The Hypostyle Fountain at Labraunda”, PROPONTICA, c. 3, sy. 5, ss. 95–121, 2025, doi: 10.56170/propontica.1645077.
ISNAD Çakmaklı, Ömür Dünya. “A Typological and Chronological Assessment of The Glass Artifacts From The Hypostyle Fountain at Labraunda”. PROPONTICA 3/5 (Mart 2025), 95-121. https://doi.org/10.56170/propontica.1645077.
JAMA Çakmaklı ÖD. A Typological and Chronological Assessment of The Glass Artifacts From The Hypostyle Fountain at Labraunda. PROPONTICA. 2025;3:95–121.
MLA Çakmaklı, Ömür Dünya. “A Typological and Chronological Assessment of The Glass Artifacts From The Hypostyle Fountain at Labraunda”. PROPONTICA, c. 3, sy. 5, 2025, ss. 95-121, doi:10.56170/propontica.1645077.
Vancouver Çakmaklı ÖD. A Typological and Chronological Assessment of The Glass Artifacts From The Hypostyle Fountain at Labraunda. PROPONTICA. 2025;3(5):95-121.


27344

PROPONTICA Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır. (CC BY NC)
Dergimize yalnızca Prehistorya, Protohistorya, Klasik Arkeoloji, Sualtı Arkeolojisi, Eski Çağ Dilleri ve Kültürleri, Eskiçağ Tarihi, Erken Hristiyanlık ve Bizans Sanatı ile Prehistorik Çağlardan Geç Antik Çağ sonuna kadar olan zaman dilimini konu alan; Numismatik, Antropoloji, Arkeometri ve Kültür Varlıklarını Koruma ve Onarım alanlarından yayın kabulü yapılmaktadır. Diğer alanlardan gönderilen yayınlar değerlendirmeye alınmamaktadır.


Yayımcı: Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Rektörlük Binası Kurupelit Kampüsü, 55139 Atakum / SAMSUN
0 (362) 312 19 19

Dergi Yayımcı Web Adresi: https://ojs.omu.edu.tr/index.php/propontica