Travma Sonrası Gelişim, Büyüme, Kimlik Gelişimi ve Sosyal İlişkiler

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 4, 858 - 872, 01.01.2017

Yener Özen

Öz

Travma kişide kontrolü kaybetme hissi yaratan ve sonucunda kontrolsüz tepkiler bırakan olağanüstü durumlar olarak tanımlanır. Travma sonrası gelişim ise, ciddi stres içeren bir durumun ardından ortaya çıkan olumlu psikolojik değişimdir. Kişiyi travma öncesi durumdan daha güçlü hale getirmesi de mümkündür. Travmatik olayın ardından yaşanan süreçte zaman içinde gelişebileceği gibi, bazı bireylerdeki değişim olaydan sonra birden de ortaya çıkabilir. Travmatik olaydan sonra birden iyileşme gösterebilir. Travma sonrası büyüme zaman içinde gelişebilir. Travma sonrası büyüme ile ilgili değişkenler şöyle sıralanır: Bilişsel değerlendirme tehdit algısı, farkındalık, kontrol . Sosyo-demografik özellikler cinsiyet, yaş, sosyoekonomik ve eğitim düzeyi . Kişilik özellikleri psikolojik sağlamlık, dayanıklılık, iyimserlik, tutarlılık algısı . İnsanların travma ile başa çıkma tarzları ise: Sosyal destek ve duygudurum düzenlemesidir. Travma sonrası büyüme bireyde şu boyutlarda değişime uğratır; 1 Kendilik algısında yaşanan değişim 2 Kişilerarası ilişkilerde değişimdir. Travma sonrası büyümenin evreleri ise şöyle sıralanabilir: Doğal olarak karışık ve karmaşık olan süreci düzenleme girişimidir. Birinci evrenin ana görevi güvenliğin tesis edilmesidir. İkinci evrenin ana görevi hatırlama ve yastır. Üçüncü evrenin ana görevi hayatla yeniden bağ kurmaktır. Yaşanan travmaya verilen bir diğer tepki biçimi ise travma sonrası gelişimdir. Yaşanan travma sonrası bireyler, bu olumsuz yaşantı sonucunda yenik düşüp travma sonrası stres bozukluğu yaşayabilirler. Bunun dışında, yaşanan travmaya bir anlam yükleyerek yaşanan bu olumsuzluktan sonra gelişim de gösterebilirler

Anahtar Kelimeler

Travma Gelişme Büyüme Kimlik gelişimi Sosyal ilişki

Post Traumatic Development, Growth, İdentity Development and Social Relations

Öz

Trauma is defined as extraordinary situations that cause a feeling of losing control over the person and result in uncontrolled reactions. Posttraumatic development is a positive psychological change that occurs after a state of severe stress. It is also possible to make the person stronger than before the trauma. As the traumatic event may develop over time, the change in some individuals may occur suddenly afterwards. He may suddenly recover after his traumatic event. Posttraumatic growth may develop over time. The variables related to posttraumatic growth are as follows: Cognitive assessment threat perception, awareness, control . Socio-demographic characteristics gender, age, socioeconomic and educational level . Personality traits psychological robustness, endurance, optimism, consistency perception . The way people cope with trauma is to organize social support and mood. Posttraumatic growth changes in the following dimensions in the individual; 1 Change in the perception of the self 2 Change in the interpersonal relationship 3 Change in the philosophy of life. The stages of posttraumatic growth can be listed as follows: Naturally complex and complicated process is the attempt to regulate. The primary task of the first universe is to establish safety. The main task of the second universe is recollection and depression. The main task of the third universe is to reconnect with life. Another form of response to living trauma is post-traumatic development. Post-traumatic individuals can fall victim to this negative experience and experience post-traumatic stress disorder. Apart from that, they may show improvement after this negativity which is experienced by giving meaning to living trauma.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Trauma, Development, Growth, Identity development, Social relationship

Kaynakça

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