BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Akıllı Şehir Projelerinde Karar Alma ve Koordinasyon Yaklaşımları

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4, 55 - 83, 01.01.2019

Öz

Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerindeki gelişmelerle birlikte yeni yeni ortaya çıkan akıllı şehirler hem akademik hem de pratik manadaki birikim yetersizliğinden dolayı sürdürülebilirlik noktasında sıkıntılar yaşamakta, gerek akıllı şehir projelerinin plânlanması gerekse yürütülmesi süreçlerinde bazı yanlış bakış açılarından dolayı engellerle karşılaşmakta, yerel yönetimler ise bu engellerden kaynaklı olarak muhtemel bir zaman ve kaynak israfı riskini taşımaktadırlar. Çalışmamızın amacı yerel yönetimlere akıllı şehir projelerinde kullanılmak üzere bir yol haritası taslağı ve karar alma ve koordinasyon aşamalarında yönlerini kaybetmemeleri için de pusula mahiyetinde kullanılacak bakış açıları sunmaktır

Kaynakça

  • Angelidou, M. (2014). Smart City Policies: A Spatial Approach. Elsevier, 41(S3-S11.)
  • Anthopoulos, L. G. (2017). Understanding Smart Cities: A Tool for Smart Government or an Industrial Trick. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Anthopoulos, L., Fitsilis, P., & Ziozias, C. (2016). What is the Source of Smart City Value? A Business Model Analysis. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 12(2).
  • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304704744_What_is_the_Source_of_Smart_Cit y_Value_A_Business_Model_Analysis adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.10.2019)
  • Aragonez, T., Caetano, G., & Blanco-Gonzalez, A. (2017). Strategic Management of City Brands and Its Influence in Smart Cities. Sustainable Smart Cities (s. 79-88). içinde Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Araksinen, M., Ailisto, H., & Nylund, N. O. (2015). Smart City. VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, Smart City-Research Highlights.
  • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281967342_Smart_City_VTT_Research_Highli ghts_12 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 11.09.2019)
  • ASCIMER. (2017). Smart City Projects Assessment Guidebook-Deliverable 2. https://institute.eib.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/2017_0131-ASCIMERDELIVERABLE-2-ASSESSMENT-
  • METHODOLOGY-FOR-SMART-CITY-PROJECTS.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 17.05.2019)
  • Bennet, D., Perez-Bustamente, D., & Medrano, M. L. (2017). Challenges for Smart Cities in the UK. Sustainable Smart Cities (s. 1-14). içinde Switzerland:: Springer International Publishing.
  • Boone, C. G., & Modarres, A. (2006). City and Environment. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Bouskela, M. (2016). The Road Toward Smart Cities. Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/7743 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2019)
  • Brodowicz, D. P., Pospieszny, P., & Grzymala, Z. (2015). Eco_Cities. Warsaw School of Economics. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312588628_Ecocities_Challenges_Trends_and_Solutions adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 25.03.2019)
  • Budhai, D., & Proag, V. (2015). Converting Mauritius into A Smart Country. Mauritius: Mauritius University, Institution of Engineers Mauritius. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.2548.8082
  • Caragliu, A., & Del Bo, C. (2012). Smartness and European urban performance: assessing the local impacts of smart urban attributes. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 97-113.
  • Castelnovo, W., Misuraca, G., & Savoldelli, A. (2015). Citizen’s Engagement and Value CoProduction in Smart and Sustainable Cities Policy. 2nd International Conference on Public
  • Policy. Milan. https://www.ippapublicpolicy.org/file/paper/1433973333.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 25.03.2019)
  • China Academy of Information and Communications. (2014). Current Chinese Economic Report Series, Comparative Study of Smart Cities in Europe and China. Berlin: Springer International Publishing.
  • Coe, A., Roy, J., & Paquet, G. (2001). E-Governance and Smart Communities. Social Science Computer Review, 19(1).
  • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249737308_EGovernance_and_Smart_Communities_A_Social_Learning_Challenge adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2019)
  • Cohen, B. (2015, Ekim 8). The 3 Generations of Smart Cities. https://www.fastcompany.com/3047795/the-3-generations-of-smart-cities adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.07.2019)
  • Conroy, M. M., & Cowley, J. E. (2006). E-participation in planning: an analysis of cities adopting on-line citizen participation tools. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 24. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1068/c1k adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 22.04.2019)
  • Dameri, R. P. (2017). Smart City Implementation. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing,.
  • Dameri, R. P., & Sabroux, C. R. (2014). Smart City and Value Creation. Smart City (s. 1-12). içinde Swithzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Deloitte. (2018). Smart Cities-Not Just the Sum of its Parts. https://www2.deloitte.com/xe/en/pages/strategy/articles/smart-cities-where-to-go.html adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.09.2019)
  • EPIC-EU Platform for Intelligent Cities. (2013). EPIC Smart City Roadmap. EPIC-EU Platform for Intelligent Cities.
  • https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/egovernment/document/epic-european-platformintelligent-cities-epic adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 09.03.2019)
  • Etezadzadeh, C. (2016). Smart City-Future City. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.
  • European Commission. (1994). Europe and The Global Information Society. BrusselsLuxembourg. http://aei.pitt.edu/1199/1/info_society_bangeman_report.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2019)
  • European Commission. (2012). Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System. https://trimis.ec.europa.eu/programme/smart-cities-and-communities#taboutline adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 23.01.2019)
  • European Commission. (2013). European Innovation Partnernship on Smart Cities and Communities. https://e3p.jrc.ec.europa.eu/articles/european-innovation-partnershipsmart-cities-and-communities adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2019)
  • European Parliament. (2014). Mapping Smart Cities in the EU. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2014/507480/IPOLITRE_ET(2014)507480_EN.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2019)
  • Fontana, F. (2014). The Smart City and The Creation of Local Public Value. Smart City (s. 117-137). içinde Swithzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Forest, F. (2009). Roadmap for Real World Internet Applications-Socioeconomic Scenarios and Design Recommendations. Towards to Future Internet (s. 325-334). içinde IOS Press.
  • G-7 Information Society Conference. (1995, Şubat 25). http://www.channelingreality.com/Digital_Treason/eGov/G7_Information_Society_Conference.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi:10.10.2019)
  • Gasco-Hernandez, M. (2018). Building A Smart City: Lessons from Barcelona.
  • Communications of The ACM, 61(4). https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2018/4/226370- building-a-smart-city/fulltext adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 20.05.2019)
  • Gerdes, J. (2013). Copenhagen’s Ambitious Push to be Carbon-Neutral by 2025. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/apr/12/copenhagen-push-carbonneutral-2025 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2019)
  • Giffinger, R. (2007). Smart Cities-Ranking of European Medium-Sized Cities. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261367640_Smart_cities_- _Ranking_of_European_medium-sized_cities adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 25.05.2019)
  • Government of Ireland. (2008). Building Ireland’s Smart Economy. https://www.lenus.ie/handle/10147/76919 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2019)
  • Hamilton, S., & Zhu, X. (2017). Funding and Financing Smart Cities. Deloitte Center for Government Insight: https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/publicsector/articles/smart-cities-funding-and-financing-strategies.html adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 20.07.2019)
  • Hefnawy, A., Bouras, A., & Cherifi, C. (2016). Lifecycle Management in the Smart City Context: Smart Parking Use-Case. 13th IFIP PLM16 International Conference. Columbia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305264753_Lifecycle_Management_in_the_Sm art_City_Context_Smart_Parking_Use-Case adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2019)
  • High, M. (2018). Smart Cities and The Energy Revolution. https://www.energydigital.com/sustainability/smart-cities-and-energy-revolution?amp adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2019)
  • Hilton, S., & Marsh, A. (2017). Shaping Successful Smart Cities. Cabot Institute. University of Bristol. https://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/sps/documents/smart-cityreport.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 11.09.2019)
  • IDC. (2018). IDC Government Insights, Smart Cities Strategies, Business Strategy: Smart City Maturity Model. IDC Government Insights, Smart Cities https://www.scribd.com/document/410718275/IDC-Government-Insights-Smart-CityMaturity-Model-IDC adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 07.07.2019)
  • ISO/IEC JTC. (2015). Smart Cities” ISO Preliminary Report 2014. Geneva. https://www.iso.org/iso/smart_cities_report-jtc1.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 28.08.2019)
  • ITU-T Focus Group. (2014). Smart Sustainable Cities: An Analysis of Definitions. International Telecommunication Union (ITU). www.itu.int/en/ITUT/focusgroups/ssc/Documents/Approved_Deliverables/TR-Definitions.docx adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2019)
  • Kavta, K., & Yadav, P. K. (2015). Indian Smart Cities and Their Financing: A First Look. Proceedings of The National Conference of Sustainable Built Environment. Singapore: Springer International Publishing.
  • Kotton, N. (2018). The Smart City Cookbook-A Recipe for Successful Smart City Programs. https://www.mindtrek.org/2018/events/smart-city/ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 02.06.2019)
  • Kumar, T., & Dahiya, B. (2017). Smart Economy in Smart Cities. Smart Economy in Smart Cities (s. 3-76). içinde Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Kylie Cochrane to Chair Federation. (2017). International Association for Public Participation. https://www.iap2.org/news/news.asp?id=372792&terms=%22smart+and+city+and+projec t%22 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2019)
  • Lohrmann, C. (2017). Online Learning-Do MOOCs Contribute to the Goals of Agenda 21: Education for Sustainable Development? Sustainability in Digital World (s. 211-224). içinde Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Macagnano, M. (2015). The Future of The Built Environment in The Information Age: Integrating Consepts of Sustainability, Information and Communication Technology, and Architecture. Proceedings of The Smart and Sustainable Built Environment (SASBE) Conference. Pretoria-South Africa: University of Pretoria.
  • https://bigengroup.com/content/341c19be6cb7c0bae6c72bb0110c7a56.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 03.10.2019)
  • Macomber, J. D. (2016, Ocak). The 4 Types of Cities and How to Prepare Them for the Future. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2016/01/the-4-types-of-cities-and-how-toprepare-them-for-the-future adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2019)
  • Manfren, M. (2017). Multi-Scale Computing for a Sustainable Built Environment. Smart Cities-Foundations, Principles and Applications (s. 53-98). içinde Hoboken: Wiley.
  • Monzon, A. (2015). Smart Cities Concept and Challenges: Bases for The Assesment of Smart City Projects. Smart Cities, Green Technologies, and Intelligent Transport Systems (s. 17- 31). içinde Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Nam, T., & Pardo, T. A. (2011). Conceptualizing Smart City with Dimensions of Technology, People, and Institutions. Proceedings of The 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference: Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times. New York.
  • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221585167_Conceptualizing_smart_city_with_ dimensions_of_technology_people_and_institutions adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.09.2019)
  • OECD. (1996). Global Information Infrastructure-Global Information Society. https://www.oecd.org/sti/broadband/1896739.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 19.05.2019)
  • OECD. (2005). Implementing e-Government in OECD Countries: Experiences and Challenges. http://www.oecd.org/mena/governance/36853121.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 20.01.2019)
  • OECD. (2006). Economic Research Program. http://www.oecd.org/eco/growth/34946434.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 19.08.2019)
  • OECD. (2009). Smart Sensor Networks-Technologies and Applications for Green Growth. https://www.oecd.org/sti/44379113.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 08.08.2019)
  • Orlowski, A., & Romanowska, P. (2019). Smart Cities Concept: Smart Mobility Indicator System. Cybernetics and System: An International Journal, 50(2).
  • https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01969722.2019.1565120 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 24.04.2019)
  • Osolnik, B. (2005). The MacBride Report-25 Years Later. the public, 12(3). https://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-ILCUHQRR/4539664e-5728-496b-a896- 536937b4b4c1/PDF adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2019)
  • Perslein, D. (2019). Smart City Orchestration in Action-Connecting All Smart City Smart Apps. https://www.axonize.com/blog/iot-managed-service/smart-city-orchestration-in-actionconnecting-all-city-smart-apps/ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 14.02.2019)
  • Raj, A., & Dwivedi, G. (2017). Smart City: An Integrated Approach Using System Dynamics. Advance in Smart Cities-Smarter People, Governance and Solutions (s. 93-104). içinde Florida: CRC Press Taylor&Francis Group.
  • Report on the Kyushu-Okinawa Summit. (2000). http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/summit/2000okinawa/policy.htm adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 16.06.2019)
  • Roll, G., & Carriero, D. (2014). United Smart Cities: Smart Urban Solutions for Transition and Developing Countries. United Nations-Economic Comission for Europe.
  • https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/hlm/sessions/docs2014/75th_session/day_2_pres entations/9_05_Domenica_Carriero_-_Activities_on_Smart_Cities.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2019)
  • Sanchez Martinez, D. R. (2017). Smart Cities’ Challenge: How to Improve Coordination in The Supply Chain. Sustainable Smart Cities (s. 129-142). içinde Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Sanseverino, R. R. (2014). Competitive Urban Models. Smart Rules for Smart Cities (s. 1-14). içinde Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Schleicher, J. M. (2016). A Holistic, Interdisciplinary Decision Support System for Sustainable Smart City Design. Smart Cities First International Conference, Smart-CT 2016.
  • Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. Smart Cities Council. (2015). Smart Cities Readiness Guide.
  • https://smartcitiescouncil.com/resources/smart-cities-readiness-guide adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 30.09.2019)
  • Spil, T. A., Effing, R., & Kwast, J. (2017). Smart City Participation: Dream or Reality? A Comparision of Participatory Strategies from Hamburg, Berlin&Enschede. Digital NationsSmart Cities, Innovation, and Sustainability-16th IFIP WG 6.11. Delhi: Springer International Publishing
  • Stimmel, C. L. (2016). Building Smart Cities Analytics, ICT and Design Thinking. Florida: CRC Press Taylor&Francis Group.
  • Tatsuno, S. (2019, Mart 3). The Evaluation of Smart Cities. www.forbes.com: https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2019/03/03/the-evolution-of-smartcities/amp/ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2019)
  • The British Standarts Institution. (2014). PAS 181:2014, Smart City Framework-Guide to Establishing Strategies for Smart Cities and Communities.
  • https://shop.bsigroup.com/upload/267775/PAS%20181%20(2014).pdf adresinden erişildi.(Erişim Tarihi: 16.08.2019) Thorne, C., & Griffiths, C. (2014). Smart, Smarter, Smartest: Redefining Our Cities. Smart City (s. 89-99). içinde Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Townsend, A. M. (2013). Smart Cities (1 b.). New York: Norton Company. UNESCO. (1996). Information and Communication Technologies in Development: A UNESCO Perspective. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001051/105115E.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 20.07.2019)
  • UNESCO. (1999). World Communication and Information Report 1999-2000. Paris: UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000119077 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 14.04.2019)
  • United Nations. (2005). Understanding Knowledge Societies. https://publicadministration.un.org/publications/content/PDFs/ELibrary%20Archives/2005%20Understanding%20Knowledge%20Societies.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 23.08.2019) United Nations. (2015).
  • HABITAT III Issue Papers 21-Smart Cities. New York: United Nations. http://habitat3.org/wp-content/uploads/Habitat-III-Issue-Paper-21_Smart-Cities2.0.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 17.05.2019)
  • United Nations. (2018, Haziran 25). World Population Projected to Reach 9.7 billion by 2050. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/population/2015-report.html adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2019)
  • United Nations University. (2016). Smart Cities for Sustainable Development. https://unu.edu/projects/smart-cities-for-sustainable-development.html#outline adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.09.2019)
  • United Nations-ESCWA. (2015). Smart Cities: Regional Perspectives. United NationsESCWA. https://www.worldgovernmentsummit.org/api/publications/document/d1d75ec4-e97c6578-b2f8-ff0000a7ddb6 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 03.05.2019)
  • Vacuero-Garcia, A., Alvarez-Garcia, J., & Peris-Ortiz,, M. (2017). Urban Models of Sustainable Development from the Economic Perspective: Smart Cities. M. Peris-Ortiz, B. Dag, & D. Perez-Bustamente Yabar içinde, Sustainable Smart Cities (s. 15-29). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Van Beurden, J. (2017). Smart City Guidance Package for Integrated Planning and Management. EIP-SCC. https://eu-smartcities.eu/sites/default/files/2017- 09/SCGP%20Intermediate%20version%20June%202017.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 25.07.2019)
  • Veit, D., & Huntgeburth, J. (2014). Foundations of Digital Governments. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Vienna University of Technology. (2019). European Smart Cities. http://www.smartcities.eu/model_5.html adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 17.10.2019)
  • Wohlers, T. E., & Bernier, L. L. (2016). Setting Sail into The Age of Digital Local Government.
  • New York: Springer Science+Business Media.
  • World Bank. (1989). Sub-Saharan Africa from Crisis to Sustainable Growth. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/498241468742846138/pdf/multi0page.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.05.2019)
  • World Bank. (1999). Public Consultation in The EA Process: A Strategic Approach. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSAFEPOL/1142947- 1118039086869/20526299/Update26PublicConsultationInTheEAProcessAStrategicApproa chMay1999.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 16.07.2019)
  • World Bank. (1999). World Development Report 1998/99, Knowledge for Development. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/5981 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.02.2019)
  • World Bank. (2004). Building Blocks of E-Government: Lessons from Developing Countries. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/524191468135582219/Building-blocks-of-egovernment-lessons-from-developing-countries adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 26.05.2019).
  • World Bank. (2016). World Development Report 2016, Digital Dividends. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/896971468194972881/pdf/102725-PUBReplacement-PUBLIC.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 19.09.2019)
  • World Health Organization. (2019). The Health Effects of Air Pollution. https://www.who.int/airpollution/events/expertconsult2019/en/ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2019)
  • Zhao, K. (2016). Urban Human Mobility Data Mining An Overview. IEEE International Conference on Big Data. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313455536_Urban_human_mobility_data_min ing_An_overview adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 24.03.2019)
  • Zipf, A. (2016). Crowdsourcing for Individual Needs- The Case of Routing and Navigation for Mobility-Impaired Person. European Handbook of Crowdsourced Geographic Information (s. 325-382). içinde London: Ubiquity Press.
  • Zygiaris, S. (2013). Smart City Reference Model: Assisting Planners to Conceptualize the Building of Smart City Innovation Ecosystems. Journal of the Knowledge Economy içinde (s. 217-231). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.

Decision Making and Coordination Approaches in Smart City Projects

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4, 55 - 83, 01.01.2019

Öz

With the developments in information and communication technologies, emerging smart cities are experiencing limitations in terms of sustainability due to lack of accumulation both in academic and practical sense, and they face obstacles due to some wrong points of view in the planning and execution processes of smart city projects. Our aim in this study is to present a roadmap to reduce the risk of waste of time and resources that local governments experience as a result of these obstacles, and to provide a compass perspective for use in decision-making and coordination

Kaynakça

  • Angelidou, M. (2014). Smart City Policies: A Spatial Approach. Elsevier, 41(S3-S11.)
  • Anthopoulos, L. G. (2017). Understanding Smart Cities: A Tool for Smart Government or an Industrial Trick. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Anthopoulos, L., Fitsilis, P., & Ziozias, C. (2016). What is the Source of Smart City Value? A Business Model Analysis. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, 12(2).
  • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304704744_What_is_the_Source_of_Smart_Cit y_Value_A_Business_Model_Analysis adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 01.10.2019)
  • Aragonez, T., Caetano, G., & Blanco-Gonzalez, A. (2017). Strategic Management of City Brands and Its Influence in Smart Cities. Sustainable Smart Cities (s. 79-88). içinde Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Araksinen, M., Ailisto, H., & Nylund, N. O. (2015). Smart City. VTT Technical Research Center of Finland, Smart City-Research Highlights.
  • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281967342_Smart_City_VTT_Research_Highli ghts_12 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 11.09.2019)
  • ASCIMER. (2017). Smart City Projects Assessment Guidebook-Deliverable 2. https://institute.eib.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/2017_0131-ASCIMERDELIVERABLE-2-ASSESSMENT-
  • METHODOLOGY-FOR-SMART-CITY-PROJECTS.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 17.05.2019)
  • Bennet, D., Perez-Bustamente, D., & Medrano, M. L. (2017). Challenges for Smart Cities in the UK. Sustainable Smart Cities (s. 1-14). içinde Switzerland:: Springer International Publishing.
  • Boone, C. G., & Modarres, A. (2006). City and Environment. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
  • Bouskela, M. (2016). The Road Toward Smart Cities. Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/7743 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 27.04.2019)
  • Brodowicz, D. P., Pospieszny, P., & Grzymala, Z. (2015). Eco_Cities. Warsaw School of Economics. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312588628_Ecocities_Challenges_Trends_and_Solutions adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 25.03.2019)
  • Budhai, D., & Proag, V. (2015). Converting Mauritius into A Smart Country. Mauritius: Mauritius University, Institution of Engineers Mauritius. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.2548.8082
  • Caragliu, A., & Del Bo, C. (2012). Smartness and European urban performance: assessing the local impacts of smart urban attributes. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 97-113.
  • Castelnovo, W., Misuraca, G., & Savoldelli, A. (2015). Citizen’s Engagement and Value CoProduction in Smart and Sustainable Cities Policy. 2nd International Conference on Public
  • Policy. Milan. https://www.ippapublicpolicy.org/file/paper/1433973333.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 25.03.2019)
  • China Academy of Information and Communications. (2014). Current Chinese Economic Report Series, Comparative Study of Smart Cities in Europe and China. Berlin: Springer International Publishing.
  • Coe, A., Roy, J., & Paquet, G. (2001). E-Governance and Smart Communities. Social Science Computer Review, 19(1).
  • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249737308_EGovernance_and_Smart_Communities_A_Social_Learning_Challenge adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 21.02.2019)
  • Cohen, B. (2015, Ekim 8). The 3 Generations of Smart Cities. https://www.fastcompany.com/3047795/the-3-generations-of-smart-cities adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.07.2019)
  • Conroy, M. M., & Cowley, J. E. (2006). E-participation in planning: an analysis of cities adopting on-line citizen participation tools. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 24. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1068/c1k adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 22.04.2019)
  • Dameri, R. P. (2017). Smart City Implementation. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing,.
  • Dameri, R. P., & Sabroux, C. R. (2014). Smart City and Value Creation. Smart City (s. 1-12). içinde Swithzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Deloitte. (2018). Smart Cities-Not Just the Sum of its Parts. https://www2.deloitte.com/xe/en/pages/strategy/articles/smart-cities-where-to-go.html adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.09.2019)
  • EPIC-EU Platform for Intelligent Cities. (2013). EPIC Smart City Roadmap. EPIC-EU Platform for Intelligent Cities.
  • https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/collection/egovernment/document/epic-european-platformintelligent-cities-epic adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 09.03.2019)
  • Etezadzadeh, C. (2016). Smart City-Future City. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.
  • European Commission. (1994). Europe and The Global Information Society. BrusselsLuxembourg. http://aei.pitt.edu/1199/1/info_society_bangeman_report.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2019)
  • European Commission. (2012). Transport Research and Innovation Monitoring and Information System. https://trimis.ec.europa.eu/programme/smart-cities-and-communities#taboutline adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 23.01.2019)
  • European Commission. (2013). European Innovation Partnernship on Smart Cities and Communities. https://e3p.jrc.ec.europa.eu/articles/european-innovation-partnershipsmart-cities-and-communities adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2019)
  • European Parliament. (2014). Mapping Smart Cities in the EU. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2014/507480/IPOLITRE_ET(2014)507480_EN.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 02.09.2019)
  • Fontana, F. (2014). The Smart City and The Creation of Local Public Value. Smart City (s. 117-137). içinde Swithzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Forest, F. (2009). Roadmap for Real World Internet Applications-Socioeconomic Scenarios and Design Recommendations. Towards to Future Internet (s. 325-334). içinde IOS Press.
  • G-7 Information Society Conference. (1995, Şubat 25). http://www.channelingreality.com/Digital_Treason/eGov/G7_Information_Society_Conference.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi:10.10.2019)
  • Gasco-Hernandez, M. (2018). Building A Smart City: Lessons from Barcelona.
  • Communications of The ACM, 61(4). https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2018/4/226370- building-a-smart-city/fulltext adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 20.05.2019)
  • Gerdes, J. (2013). Copenhagen’s Ambitious Push to be Carbon-Neutral by 2025. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/apr/12/copenhagen-push-carbonneutral-2025 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 17.09.2019)
  • Giffinger, R. (2007). Smart Cities-Ranking of European Medium-Sized Cities. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/261367640_Smart_cities_- _Ranking_of_European_medium-sized_cities adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 25.05.2019)
  • Government of Ireland. (2008). Building Ireland’s Smart Economy. https://www.lenus.ie/handle/10147/76919 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 05.10.2019)
  • Hamilton, S., & Zhu, X. (2017). Funding and Financing Smart Cities. Deloitte Center for Government Insight: https://www2.deloitte.com/global/en/pages/publicsector/articles/smart-cities-funding-and-financing-strategies.html adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 20.07.2019)
  • Hefnawy, A., Bouras, A., & Cherifi, C. (2016). Lifecycle Management in the Smart City Context: Smart Parking Use-Case. 13th IFIP PLM16 International Conference. Columbia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305264753_Lifecycle_Management_in_the_Sm art_City_Context_Smart_Parking_Use-Case adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2019)
  • High, M. (2018). Smart Cities and The Energy Revolution. https://www.energydigital.com/sustainability/smart-cities-and-energy-revolution?amp adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2019)
  • Hilton, S., & Marsh, A. (2017). Shaping Successful Smart Cities. Cabot Institute. University of Bristol. https://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/sps/documents/smart-cityreport.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 11.09.2019)
  • IDC. (2018). IDC Government Insights, Smart Cities Strategies, Business Strategy: Smart City Maturity Model. IDC Government Insights, Smart Cities https://www.scribd.com/document/410718275/IDC-Government-Insights-Smart-CityMaturity-Model-IDC adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 07.07.2019)
  • ISO/IEC JTC. (2015). Smart Cities” ISO Preliminary Report 2014. Geneva. https://www.iso.org/iso/smart_cities_report-jtc1.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 28.08.2019)
  • ITU-T Focus Group. (2014). Smart Sustainable Cities: An Analysis of Definitions. International Telecommunication Union (ITU). www.itu.int/en/ITUT/focusgroups/ssc/Documents/Approved_Deliverables/TR-Definitions.docx adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 22.06.2019)
  • Kavta, K., & Yadav, P. K. (2015). Indian Smart Cities and Their Financing: A First Look. Proceedings of The National Conference of Sustainable Built Environment. Singapore: Springer International Publishing.
  • Kotton, N. (2018). The Smart City Cookbook-A Recipe for Successful Smart City Programs. https://www.mindtrek.org/2018/events/smart-city/ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 02.06.2019)
  • Kumar, T., & Dahiya, B. (2017). Smart Economy in Smart Cities. Smart Economy in Smart Cities (s. 3-76). içinde Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Kylie Cochrane to Chair Federation. (2017). International Association for Public Participation. https://www.iap2.org/news/news.asp?id=372792&terms=%22smart+and+city+and+projec t%22 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.03.2019)
  • Lohrmann, C. (2017). Online Learning-Do MOOCs Contribute to the Goals of Agenda 21: Education for Sustainable Development? Sustainability in Digital World (s. 211-224). içinde Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Macagnano, M. (2015). The Future of The Built Environment in The Information Age: Integrating Consepts of Sustainability, Information and Communication Technology, and Architecture. Proceedings of The Smart and Sustainable Built Environment (SASBE) Conference. Pretoria-South Africa: University of Pretoria.
  • https://bigengroup.com/content/341c19be6cb7c0bae6c72bb0110c7a56.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 03.10.2019)
  • Macomber, J. D. (2016, Ocak). The 4 Types of Cities and How to Prepare Them for the Future. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2016/01/the-4-types-of-cities-and-how-toprepare-them-for-the-future adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 22.03.2019)
  • Manfren, M. (2017). Multi-Scale Computing for a Sustainable Built Environment. Smart Cities-Foundations, Principles and Applications (s. 53-98). içinde Hoboken: Wiley.
  • Monzon, A. (2015). Smart Cities Concept and Challenges: Bases for The Assesment of Smart City Projects. Smart Cities, Green Technologies, and Intelligent Transport Systems (s. 17- 31). içinde Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Nam, T., & Pardo, T. A. (2011). Conceptualizing Smart City with Dimensions of Technology, People, and Institutions. Proceedings of The 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference: Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times. New York.
  • https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221585167_Conceptualizing_smart_city_with_ dimensions_of_technology_people_and_institutions adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.09.2019)
  • OECD. (1996). Global Information Infrastructure-Global Information Society. https://www.oecd.org/sti/broadband/1896739.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 19.05.2019)
  • OECD. (2005). Implementing e-Government in OECD Countries: Experiences and Challenges. http://www.oecd.org/mena/governance/36853121.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 20.01.2019)
  • OECD. (2006). Economic Research Program. http://www.oecd.org/eco/growth/34946434.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 19.08.2019)
  • OECD. (2009). Smart Sensor Networks-Technologies and Applications for Green Growth. https://www.oecd.org/sti/44379113.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 08.08.2019)
  • Orlowski, A., & Romanowska, P. (2019). Smart Cities Concept: Smart Mobility Indicator System. Cybernetics and System: An International Journal, 50(2).
  • https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01969722.2019.1565120 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 24.04.2019)
  • Osolnik, B. (2005). The MacBride Report-25 Years Later. the public, 12(3). https://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-ILCUHQRR/4539664e-5728-496b-a896- 536937b4b4c1/PDF adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 12.03.2019)
  • Perslein, D. (2019). Smart City Orchestration in Action-Connecting All Smart City Smart Apps. https://www.axonize.com/blog/iot-managed-service/smart-city-orchestration-in-actionconnecting-all-city-smart-apps/ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 14.02.2019)
  • Raj, A., & Dwivedi, G. (2017). Smart City: An Integrated Approach Using System Dynamics. Advance in Smart Cities-Smarter People, Governance and Solutions (s. 93-104). içinde Florida: CRC Press Taylor&Francis Group.
  • Report on the Kyushu-Okinawa Summit. (2000). http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/summit/2000okinawa/policy.htm adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 16.06.2019)
  • Roll, G., & Carriero, D. (2014). United Smart Cities: Smart Urban Solutions for Transition and Developing Countries. United Nations-Economic Comission for Europe.
  • https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/hlm/sessions/docs2014/75th_session/day_2_pres entations/9_05_Domenica_Carriero_-_Activities_on_Smart_Cities.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 25.06.2019)
  • Sanchez Martinez, D. R. (2017). Smart Cities’ Challenge: How to Improve Coordination in The Supply Chain. Sustainable Smart Cities (s. 129-142). içinde Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Sanseverino, R. R. (2014). Competitive Urban Models. Smart Rules for Smart Cities (s. 1-14). içinde Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Schleicher, J. M. (2016). A Holistic, Interdisciplinary Decision Support System for Sustainable Smart City Design. Smart Cities First International Conference, Smart-CT 2016.
  • Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. Smart Cities Council. (2015). Smart Cities Readiness Guide.
  • https://smartcitiescouncil.com/resources/smart-cities-readiness-guide adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 30.09.2019)
  • Spil, T. A., Effing, R., & Kwast, J. (2017). Smart City Participation: Dream or Reality? A Comparision of Participatory Strategies from Hamburg, Berlin&Enschede. Digital NationsSmart Cities, Innovation, and Sustainability-16th IFIP WG 6.11. Delhi: Springer International Publishing
  • Stimmel, C. L. (2016). Building Smart Cities Analytics, ICT and Design Thinking. Florida: CRC Press Taylor&Francis Group.
  • Tatsuno, S. (2019, Mart 3). The Evaluation of Smart Cities. www.forbes.com: https://www.forbes.com/sites/cognitiveworld/2019/03/03/the-evolution-of-smartcities/amp/ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.04.2019)
  • The British Standarts Institution. (2014). PAS 181:2014, Smart City Framework-Guide to Establishing Strategies for Smart Cities and Communities.
  • https://shop.bsigroup.com/upload/267775/PAS%20181%20(2014).pdf adresinden erişildi.(Erişim Tarihi: 16.08.2019) Thorne, C., & Griffiths, C. (2014). Smart, Smarter, Smartest: Redefining Our Cities. Smart City (s. 89-99). içinde Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Townsend, A. M. (2013). Smart Cities (1 b.). New York: Norton Company. UNESCO. (1996). Information and Communication Technologies in Development: A UNESCO Perspective. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001051/105115E.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 20.07.2019)
  • UNESCO. (1999). World Communication and Information Report 1999-2000. Paris: UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000119077 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 14.04.2019)
  • United Nations. (2005). Understanding Knowledge Societies. https://publicadministration.un.org/publications/content/PDFs/ELibrary%20Archives/2005%20Understanding%20Knowledge%20Societies.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 23.08.2019) United Nations. (2015).
  • HABITAT III Issue Papers 21-Smart Cities. New York: United Nations. http://habitat3.org/wp-content/uploads/Habitat-III-Issue-Paper-21_Smart-Cities2.0.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 17.05.2019)
  • United Nations. (2018, Haziran 25). World Population Projected to Reach 9.7 billion by 2050. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/population/2015-report.html adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.06.2019)
  • United Nations University. (2016). Smart Cities for Sustainable Development. https://unu.edu/projects/smart-cities-for-sustainable-development.html#outline adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.09.2019)
  • United Nations-ESCWA. (2015). Smart Cities: Regional Perspectives. United NationsESCWA. https://www.worldgovernmentsummit.org/api/publications/document/d1d75ec4-e97c6578-b2f8-ff0000a7ddb6 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 03.05.2019)
  • Vacuero-Garcia, A., Alvarez-Garcia, J., & Peris-Ortiz,, M. (2017). Urban Models of Sustainable Development from the Economic Perspective: Smart Cities. M. Peris-Ortiz, B. Dag, & D. Perez-Bustamente Yabar içinde, Sustainable Smart Cities (s. 15-29). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Van Beurden, J. (2017). Smart City Guidance Package for Integrated Planning and Management. EIP-SCC. https://eu-smartcities.eu/sites/default/files/2017- 09/SCGP%20Intermediate%20version%20June%202017.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 25.07.2019)
  • Veit, D., & Huntgeburth, J. (2014). Foundations of Digital Governments. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Vienna University of Technology. (2019). European Smart Cities. http://www.smartcities.eu/model_5.html adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 17.10.2019)
  • Wohlers, T. E., & Bernier, L. L. (2016). Setting Sail into The Age of Digital Local Government.
  • New York: Springer Science+Business Media.
  • World Bank. (1989). Sub-Saharan Africa from Crisis to Sustainable Growth. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/498241468742846138/pdf/multi0page.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.05.2019)
  • World Bank. (1999). Public Consultation in The EA Process: A Strategic Approach. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTSAFEPOL/1142947- 1118039086869/20526299/Update26PublicConsultationInTheEAProcessAStrategicApproa chMay1999.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 16.07.2019)
  • World Bank. (1999). World Development Report 1998/99, Knowledge for Development. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/5981 adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 18.02.2019)
  • World Bank. (2004). Building Blocks of E-Government: Lessons from Developing Countries. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/524191468135582219/Building-blocks-of-egovernment-lessons-from-developing-countries adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 26.05.2019).
  • World Bank. (2016). World Development Report 2016, Digital Dividends. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/896971468194972881/pdf/102725-PUBReplacement-PUBLIC.pdf adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 19.09.2019)
  • World Health Organization. (2019). The Health Effects of Air Pollution. https://www.who.int/airpollution/events/expertconsult2019/en/ adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2019)
  • Zhao, K. (2016). Urban Human Mobility Data Mining An Overview. IEEE International Conference on Big Data. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313455536_Urban_human_mobility_data_min ing_An_overview adresinden erişildi. (Erişim Tarihi: 24.03.2019)
  • Zipf, A. (2016). Crowdsourcing for Individual Needs- The Case of Routing and Navigation for Mobility-Impaired Person. European Handbook of Crowdsourced Geographic Information (s. 325-382). içinde London: Ubiquity Press.
  • Zygiaris, S. (2013). Smart City Reference Model: Assisting Planners to Conceptualize the Building of Smart City Innovation Ecosystems. Journal of the Knowledge Economy içinde (s. 217-231). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
Toplam 103 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Başar Ataç Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

IEEE B. Ataç, “Akıllı Şehir Projelerinde Karar Alma ve Koordinasyon Yaklaşımları”, Researcher, c. 7, sy. 4, ss. 55–83, 2019.
  • Yayın hayatına 2013 yılında başlamış olan "Researcher: Social Sciences Studies" (RSSS) dergisi, 2020 Ağustos ayı itibariyle "Researcher" ismiyle Ankara Bilim Üniversitesi bünyesinde faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedir.
  • 2021 yılı ve sonrasında Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri alanlarında katkıda bulunmayı hedefleyen özgün araştırma makalelerinin yayımlandığı uluslararası indeksli, ulusal hakemli, bilimsel ve elektronik bir dergidir.
  • Dergi özel sayılar dışında yılda iki kez yayımlanmaktadır. Amaçları doğrultusunda dergimizin yayın odağında; Endüstri Mühendisliği, Yazılım Mühendisliği, Bilgisayar Mühendisliği ve Elektrik Elektronik Mühendisliği alanları bulunmaktadır.
  • Dergide yayımlanmak üzere gönderilen aday makaleler Türkçe ve İngilizce dillerinde yazılabilir. Dergiye gönderilen makalelerin daha önce başka bir dergide yayımlanmamış veya yayımlanmak üzere başka bir dergiye gönderilmemiş olması gerekmektedir.