BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Kamusallığın Siyasal İşlevinin Dönüşümü

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 193 - 206, 01.01.2020

Öz

19. yüzyıldan itibaren savaş ikliminde basın yayın organlarının siyasallaşması daha açık bir şekilde görüldü. Yeni tekniklerin de gelişmesiyle gazetecilik artık şahsi menfaatlerin yayılımına doğrudan hizmet eder oldu. Kamusal çıkar ve kamusal alanın genişlemesi böylece mümkün oldu. Kanaatlerin idaresi gittikçe siyasallaşacak ve kamusallığı siyasal kamuya odaklanmasıyla sonuçlanmıştır. Reklamlar gittikçe tüketim aracı olan kişileri topluluklar halinde kamusallaştırmakta ve onlara yönelik araçları hedeflemeye başlamıştır. Reklamlar tüketici oldukları ölçüde diğer şahısları hedefine alır ve halkla ilişkilerin adresini kamu oyu olarak belirler. Artık özel şahısların sahip olduğu kitle iletişim organları kendisini bir özel gruba aidiyet şeklinde bağlarken reklamlarda şahıslara özel olmakla birlikte bir özel topluluğa tüketim bakımından ortak olmaktadır. Yayıncılar kamu yararı için yaptıkları çalışmalar içerisinde ticari amaçlarını gizlemektedirler. Tüketim toplumlumu hedefinin etki altına alınan kitle iletişim araçları özel şahısların sahip oldukları yayınları artık düşünce üreten kamusal topluluğun üretiminden ziyade özel şahıslara bir grup olarak bakan ve etki altına almaya çalışan yayınlar haline gelirler. Siyasi görüşler ve kimlikler daha da ticari hale gelmektedir. Bu haliyle meslek örgütüne ait her bir yayıncı kamusallığın işlevini siyaseten değiştirmekte ve özel çıkarlar etrafında ortaya çıkan rekabete yer vermektedir. Demokrasi idaresinden mahrum kalan vatandaşın kamusal alanı giderek özel alan ile iç içe geçmekte ve siyasal olarak dönüşmektedir. Bu makale siyasetin yayın organları aracılığıyla ticarileşmesini ile kamusal alanın kitle iletişim araçları aracılığıyla siyasal olarak ticarileşmesini kamusallığın dönüşümü başlığı etrafında inceleyecektir

Kaynakça

  • Albrecht, D. (1995) World War II and the American Dream: How Wartime Building Changed a Nation. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Altman, I. ve Ervin, H. Z., (1989) Human Behavior and Environment: Advances in Theory and Research, Public Places and Spaces. New York: Plenum.
  • Anderson, S. (1978) On Streets. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Barker, R. (1963) The Stream ofBehavior: Explorations oflts Structure and Content. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  • Baumgartner, M. P. (1988) The Moral Order ofa Suburb. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Bender, T. (1975) Toward an Urban Vision: Ideas and Institutions in Nineteenth­ Century America. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
  • Berger, P. (1977) Facing Up to Modernity: Excursions in Society, Politics and Religion. New York: Basic Books.
  • Calthorpe, P. (1993) The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
  • Cox, H. (1965) The Secular City: Secularization and Urbanization in Theological Perspective. New York: Macmillan.
  • Dinham, A. (2009) Faith in the Public Realm. Bristol: The Policy Press. Dossa, S. (1989) The Public Realm and The Public Self. Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
  • Edgerton, R. (1985) Rules, Exceptions, and Social Order. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Eisenberg, A. and Kymlicka, W. (2011) Identity Politics in the Public Realm. Canada: UBC Press.
  • Fainstein, S. (1992) Divided Cities: New York and London in the Contemporary World. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
  • Findlay, J. M. (1992) Magic Lands: Western Cityscapes and American Culture after 1940. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Fishman, R. (1987) Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia. New York: Basic Books.
  • Giddens, A. (1984) The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Cambridge, MA: Polity.
  • Goffman, E. (1959) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. NY: Doubleday Anchor. Gulick, J. (1989) The Humanity of Cities: An Introduction to Urban Societies. Granby, MA: Bergin and Garvey.
  • Habermas, J. (2010) Kamusallığın Yapısal Dönüşümü. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Halmos, P. (1953) Solitude and Privacy: A Study of Social Isolation, Its Causes and Therapy. New York: Philosophical Library.
  • Harvey, D. (1973) Social Justice and the City. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Heckscher, A. (1977) Open Spaces: The Life of American Cities. New York: Harper and Row.
  • Henley, N. M. (1977) Body Politics: Power, Sex and Nonverbal Communication. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Jones, G. (1971) Outcast London: A Study in the Relationship between Classes in Victorian Society. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Lees, A. (1985) Cities Perceived: Urban Society in European and American Thought, 1820-1940. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Lofland, L. (1998) The Public Realm: Exploring The City’s Quintessential Social Territory.
  • London: Routledge Press.
  • Olsen, D. J. (1976) The Growth of Victorian London. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
  • O’Sullivan, N. (2010) The Concept of the Public Realm. London: Routledge Press.
  • Proshansky, H. (1978) "The City and Self-Identity." Environment and Behavior 10(June):147-69.
  • Sassen, S. (1991) The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Schorske, C. E. (1968) The Idea of the City in European Thought in Urbanism, in World Perspective, edited by Sylvia Fava. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.
  • Schürman, R. (1989) The Public Realm. New York: State University of New York Press.
  • Toll, S. I. (1969) Zoned American. New York: Grossman.

Transformation of the Political Function of Publicity

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 193 - 206, 01.01.2020

Öz

From the 19th century to the 21st century, the politicalization of media organs was more clearly seen in the war climate. With the development of new techniques, journalism now directly serves the spread of personal interests. Public interest and expansion of the public sphere were thus possible. The management of opinions will become increasingly politicized, and has resulted in a public focus on the political public. Advertisements are increasingly publicizing people who are consumers and starting to target the tools for them. Advertisements target other people to the extent that they are consumers and determine the address of public relations as a public vote. While the mass media organs owned by private individuals connect themselves as belonging to a private group, they are exclusive to individuals in advertisements, but they are common to a private community in terms of consumption. Publishers conceal their commercial goals in their work for the public good. Mass media, which are influenced by the consumer society target, become publications that look and influence individuals as a group rather than the production of the public community that generates thoughts. Political views and identities are becoming more commercial. As such, each publisher of the professional organization politically changes the function of publicity and includes competition that arises around private interests. The public sphere of the citizen deprived of the administration of democracy is increasingly intertwined with the private sphere and transformed politically. This article will examine the commercialization of politics through the media, and the commercialization of the public sphere through mass media around the transformation of publicity

Kaynakça

  • Albrecht, D. (1995) World War II and the American Dream: How Wartime Building Changed a Nation. Cambridge: MIT Press.
  • Altman, I. ve Ervin, H. Z., (1989) Human Behavior and Environment: Advances in Theory and Research, Public Places and Spaces. New York: Plenum.
  • Anderson, S. (1978) On Streets. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Barker, R. (1963) The Stream ofBehavior: Explorations oflts Structure and Content. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
  • Baumgartner, M. P. (1988) The Moral Order ofa Suburb. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Bender, T. (1975) Toward an Urban Vision: Ideas and Institutions in Nineteenth­ Century America. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press.
  • Berger, P. (1977) Facing Up to Modernity: Excursions in Society, Politics and Religion. New York: Basic Books.
  • Calthorpe, P. (1993) The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
  • Cox, H. (1965) The Secular City: Secularization and Urbanization in Theological Perspective. New York: Macmillan.
  • Dinham, A. (2009) Faith in the Public Realm. Bristol: The Policy Press. Dossa, S. (1989) The Public Realm and The Public Self. Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.
  • Edgerton, R. (1985) Rules, Exceptions, and Social Order. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Eisenberg, A. and Kymlicka, W. (2011) Identity Politics in the Public Realm. Canada: UBC Press.
  • Fainstein, S. (1992) Divided Cities: New York and London in the Contemporary World. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
  • Findlay, J. M. (1992) Magic Lands: Western Cityscapes and American Culture after 1940. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Fishman, R. (1987) Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and Fall of Suburbia. New York: Basic Books.
  • Giddens, A. (1984) The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Cambridge, MA: Polity.
  • Goffman, E. (1959) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. NY: Doubleday Anchor. Gulick, J. (1989) The Humanity of Cities: An Introduction to Urban Societies. Granby, MA: Bergin and Garvey.
  • Habermas, J. (2010) Kamusallığın Yapısal Dönüşümü. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Halmos, P. (1953) Solitude and Privacy: A Study of Social Isolation, Its Causes and Therapy. New York: Philosophical Library.
  • Harvey, D. (1973) Social Justice and the City. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Heckscher, A. (1977) Open Spaces: The Life of American Cities. New York: Harper and Row.
  • Henley, N. M. (1977) Body Politics: Power, Sex and Nonverbal Communication. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Jones, G. (1971) Outcast London: A Study in the Relationship between Classes in Victorian Society. London: Oxford University Press.
  • Lees, A. (1985) Cities Perceived: Urban Society in European and American Thought, 1820-1940. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Lofland, L. (1998) The Public Realm: Exploring The City’s Quintessential Social Territory.
  • London: Routledge Press.
  • Olsen, D. J. (1976) The Growth of Victorian London. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
  • O’Sullivan, N. (2010) The Concept of the Public Realm. London: Routledge Press.
  • Proshansky, H. (1978) "The City and Self-Identity." Environment and Behavior 10(June):147-69.
  • Sassen, S. (1991) The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Schorske, C. E. (1968) The Idea of the City in European Thought in Urbanism, in World Perspective, edited by Sylvia Fava. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell.
  • Schürman, R. (1989) The Public Realm. New York: State University of New York Press.
  • Toll, S. I. (1969) Zoned American. New York: Grossman.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Cumhur Olcar Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

IEEE C. Olcar, “Kamusallığın Siyasal İşlevinin Dönüşümü”, Researcher, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 193–206, 2020.

The journal "Researcher: Social Sciences Studies" (RSSS), which started its publication life in 2013, continues its activities under the name of "Researcher" as of August 2020, under Ankara Bilim University.
It is an internationally indexed, nationally refereed, scientific and electronic journal that publishes original research articles aiming to contribute to the fields of Engineering and Science in 2021 and beyond.
The journal is published twice a year, except for special issues.
Candidate articles submitted for publication in the journal can be written in Turkish and English. Articles submitted to the journal must not have been previously published in another journal or sent to another journal for publication.