The Comparison of Institutional Frameworks Regarding Risk Management for Conservation of Cultural Heritage by Focusing on UNESCO World Heritage Sites: The Cases of the UK, Japan and Turkey
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The aim of this study
is to investigate different institutional frameworks that deals with the
management of UNESCO World Heritage Sites (hereafter WHS) under the threats of
natural and technological hazards in other countries in comparison with Turkey.
While doing this it is also aimed to figure out the factors that threat those
sites. In this regard, first of all the international agenda regarding the
conservation of cultural heritage in relation to risk management are discussed.
Then, three different countries; namely Japan, U.K. and Turkey are examined
with respect to how they consider ‘risk management’ for the conservation of
cultural heritage sites. In addition to that, while explaining about the
relationships between institutional approaches and factors that UNESCO WHS of
those countries are exposed to ‘State of Conservation System’ (hereafter SOC)
has been used. According to this investigation it is showed that in the UK
case, among 31 UNESCO WHS, 2 of them are facing threats due to natural factors,
18 of them are exposed to threats because of human-induced factors and 14, out
of 31 are subject to threats due to institutional factors. In Japan case, 3 of
21 World Heritage Sites are faced with threats because of natural factors, 3 of
them are exposed to human-induced factors and 4 are subject to institutional
factors. In the case of Turkey, it is observed that 3 of 17 WHS are faced with
hazards because of natural factors, 4 are subject to human-induced threats and
7 of them are exposed to institutional factors. However, among instances in
three countries, it should be noted that there are three different
institutional systems for risk management and the conservation of cultural
heritage. In this study those institutional systems have been investigated with
their pros and cons as well as similarities and differences. In the scope of
this article the investigation has been limited to only 3 case countries so
that the result should be accepted as preliminary covering cases from Asia,
Europe and Anatolia. Further studies could extend the number of cases
investigated in order to have a spectrum of solutions in institutional
framework for dealing with risks in WHS.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Bouakaze Khan, D. (2017). Armed Conflict Presentation of SA 506 Cultural Heritage and Disaster Zones (METU/ODTÜ Post-grad seminars).
- Dinçer, İ. (2012). Kültür Mirasının Korunmasında ‘Risklere Hazırlık’ Kavramanının Gelişimi, Mimarlık Dergisi, İstanbul (364), p.59
- Feilden, B. S. (1987). Between Two Earthquakes: Cultural Property in Seismic Zones. Rome: ICCROM, Getty Conservation Institute.
- ICOMOS (1987). The Washington Charter.
- ICOMOS (2005). Threats to World Heritage Sites 1994-2004: An Analysis
- Jigyasu, R. (2015). Challenges and Opportunities for Disaster Risk Management of Cultural Heritage against Floods. ICOMOS–Hefte des Deutschen Nationalkomitees, 60, 22-29.
- Jigyasu, R. (2016). Reducing Disaster Risks to Urban Cultural Heritage: Global Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Heritage Management, 1(1), 59-67. Doi: 10.1177/2455929616649476.
- Kapucu, N. (no date). Emergency and Crisis Management in the United Kingdom: Disasters Experienced, Lessons Learned, and Recommendations for the Future.
Ayrıntılar
Birincil Dil
İngilizce
Konular
-
Bölüm
Araştırma Makalesi
Yayımlanma Tarihi
31 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi
11 Eylül 2019
Kabul Tarihi
19 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı
Yıl 2019 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2
Cited By
Yapılı Miras Yangın Risk Yönetimine Dair Politika Çerçevesi: İngiltere ve Türkiye Örneklerinin Karşılaştırması
Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Kültür Envanteri Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.22520/tubaked2021.24.011