Kent Planlamada Yeni Bir Yöntem Önerisi: Kentsel Dirençlilik Endeksi

Öz

Son yıllardaki iklim değişikliği ve çevre verileri, doğal afetler, kaynakların tüketimiyle ilgili belgeler, kentlerin sürdürülebilirliğe aykırı olduğunu ortaya koymakta ve dünyayı ekolojik eşiklerin üstüne çıkarmaktadır. İklim değişikliğinin kentlere getirdiği riskler giderek artmakta, kentte yaşayanlara ve kentsel altyapılara yönelik tehditler oluşturmaktadır. Ekolojik boyuta ek olarak, afetler, sosyal olaylar, savaşlar, terör, salgın hastalıklar gibi olaylarla kentler hasar görebilir konuma gelmektedir. Bu karmaşık, belirsiz ve sürekli değişen riskler karşısında kentleri güvence altına almak, kentsel ekosistemleri, türleri ve bunların sağladığı hizmetleri korumak için yeni politikalar ortaya koymak gerekmektedir. İnsanların çevresel değişimin temel sebeplerinden biri olduğu göz önüne alındığında, sadece daha yaşanabilir, sürdürülebilir ve dirençli kentler yaratmak için değil, aynı zamanda insanoğlunun tüm gezegen üzerindeki çevresel ve sosyal etkilerini azaltmak için kent planlamada yeni paradigmalar getirmek gereklidir. Bununla birlikte, kentsel alanlar için dirençliliğin (urban resilience) ne anlama geldiğine ve kent planlamada dirençliliğin nasıl sağlanabileceğine dair bir fikir birliği yoktur. Bu çalışmada kentleri ve kentte yaşayanları iklim değişikliğinin etkilerine ve olası risklere hazırlamak adına kentsel dirençlilik konusunda farklı yaklaşımlar, teori ve pratik arasındaki bağın oluşturulması için yapılması gerekenler üzerinde durulmuştur. Dirençlilik konusunun nicel yöntemlerle planlama süreçlerine dahil edilmesi gerekliliği ve bu yöntemlerin nasıl oluşturulacağı açıklanmıştır. Bu konuda ölçüm ve endeks oluşturma yolundaki göstergeler araştırılıp yeni göstergeler önerilmiş; ne tür endeksler ve formüller çıkarabileceği tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• hasar görebilirlik
• İklim Değişikliği
• Afet ve Risk Yönetimi
• Endeks Çalışmaları
• Kentsel Dirençlilik

A New Method Proposal in Urban Planning: Urban Resilience Index

Öz

The data about climate change, environment, natural disasters, and the documents on the consumption of resources reveal that cities are against sustainability and bring the world above ecological thresholds in recent years. Risks caused by climate change are increasing, creating threats to residents and urban infrastructures. In addition to the ecological dimension, the city residents and systems become vulnerable to events such as disasters, social events, wars, terror and epidemics. In the face of these complex, uncertain and ever-changing risks, it is necessary to introduce new policies to make cities safe and protect urban ecosystems. Considering that people are the main reason of environmental change, it is a priority to introduce new paradigms in urban planning. It is necessary to create more livable, sustainable and resilient cities and also to reduce environmental and social impacts of climate change on the entire planet. However, there is no consensus on resilience concept for urban areas and how resilience can be provided in urban planning. In this study, in order to prepare cities for all kind of changes, things should be done to create the link between theory and practice, the necessity of resilience in planning processes with quantitative methods and creation of these methods are explained. In this regard, the indicators for measurement and index formulation were investigated, and what kind of indices and formulas could be produced were discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Urban Resilience
• Vulnerability
• Climate Change
• Disaster and Risk Managment
• Index Studies

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