Düzce İli’nde Bütünleşik Ekolojik Risklere Karşı Katılımcı Planlama ile Dirençliliğin Sağlanması

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 105 - 121, 31.12.2018

Bilge Aydın , Azime Tezer , Zeynep Türkay , Elif Kutay Karaçor , İpek Güler , Osman Uzun , Nilgün Okay , Fatih Terzi , Pınar Köylü Ebru Satılmış Didem Kara

https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.484946

Cited By: 5

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı,
kompleks ekolojik risk faktörlerine karşı dayanıklı yerleşimler oluşturmak
için, katılımcı bir planlama yaklaşımı ile bütünleşik ekolojik planlama
metodolojisi geliştirmektir. Düzce ili, geçmişte birçok kez karşı karşıya
kaldığı ekolojik risk özelliklerinden dolayı örnek çalışma alanı olarak
seçilmiştir. Metodoloji dört aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Metodolojinin ilk
aşamasında (1) kavramsal olarak ekolojik planlama amaçları birleştirilmiştir.
İkinci aşamada (2) doğal tehlikeler ve peyzaj hassasiyetlerinden doğan riskler
ile değerli ekosistem servislerinin (ES) bozulma riskleri birleştirerek, ES ile
bütünleşik yerleşime uygunluk haritaları oluşturulmuştur. Üçüncü aşama (3) olan
katılımcı risk yönetişimi yaklaşımı ise; (a) risk iletişimi, (b) risk
değerlendirmesi ve (c) risk yönetimi olmak üzere üç bileşenden oluşmaktadır.
Dördüncü aşamada ise (4), ekolojik risk analizi ve katılımcı planlama
bulgularının çoklu mekânsal ve zamansal ölçek yaklaşımına göre
bütünleştirilerek, dayanıklılığın sağlanması için kapsamlı çıktılar elde
edilmiştir. Risk değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre, katılımcılar doğal tehlikeler
arasından sırasıyla deprem, heyelan ve sel riskini ilk üç sırada değerlendirirken,
peyzaj hassasiyetleri arasında erozyon, habitat kırılganlığı ve su geçirgenliği
risklerini önceliklendirmiştir. Risk yönetimi analiz sonuçları ise,
makro-ölçekte, merkezi yönetim kurumlarının ağırlıklı olarak proaktif rollerde
en yüksek sorumluluğa sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Orta-ölçekte ise merkezi
yönetim taşra teşkilatları temel olarak reaktif sorumluluklara sahiptir. Sonuç
olarak, geliştirilen bu bütünleşik ekolojik risk azaltma metodolojisi çoklu
mekansal ve zamansal ölçek yaklaşımı ile ekolojik risk azaltma planlarının
karar verme sürecine daha kapsamlı bir şekilde katkıda bulunabilecektir. Ayrıca
bu metot, başka illerde uygulanabilir ve yaygınlaştırılabilir. Ancak, katılımcı
risk yönetişimi sonuçlarının il düzeyinde yaygınlaştırılabilmesi için gelecek
çalışmalarda katılım düzeyi ve çeşitliliği artırılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bütünleşik ekolojik risk, ekosistem servisleri (ES), katılımcı planlama, Düzce İli, ekolojik dirençlilik

Resilience Through Participatory Planning for the Integrated Ecological Risks in Düzce

Öz

This
study aims to develop an integrated spatial planning methodology with a
participatory planning approach for building resilient settlements against
complex ecological risk factors. Düzce Province is selected as a case study
because of its complex ecological characteristics as witnessed many times in
past. The methodology consists of four phases. (1) The first phase of the
methodology joins the ecological planning aims. In the (2) second phase,
ecosystem services (ES) integrated land suitability maps was produced by
combining natural hazard risks and landscape vulnerabilities with the risk of
degradation of valuable ES. The (3) third phase, is participatory risk
governance approach, which consists of three components namely, (a) risk
communication, (b) risk assessment, (c) risk management that conducted between
the local and regional stakeholders within the multi-scale approach. In the (4)
fourth phase, comprehensive outputs for spatial risk mitigation was provided by
the integration of ecological risk synthesis and participatory planning
findings. Results show that participants prioritized earthquake, landslide, and
flood as the highest natural hazard risks and erosion, habitat vulnerability,
and water infiltration as the highest ecological vulnerability risks
respectively. Results of risk governance analysis show that, at macro-scale,
central government institutions have the highest responsibility predominantly
for proactive roles. At meso-scale local institutions of central governance
have mainly reactive responsibilities. Thus, this integrated ecological risk
assessment methodology can contribute to the decision-making process of
ecological risk mitigation plans in a more comprehensive way through a
multi-spatial and temporal scale approach. Moreover, this method can be applied
in other provinces. However, in order to disseminate the results of
participatory risk governance at provincial level, participation level and
diversity should be increased in future studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

ecosystem services (ES), ecological resilience, participatory planning, integrated ecological risk, Düzce province

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