Assessment of Climate Change Impacts in terms of Global Performance Indicators

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 171 - 196, 30.06.2022

Burcu Calda , Emre Kutluğ , Nazan An , Levent Kurnaz

https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.963460

Cited By: 1

Öz

Many countries are exposed to the effects of global climate change at different aspects, and the vulnerability levels of these countries can vary based on the socioeconomic and environmental factors. Specifically, knowledge and awareness of the exposure level of individuals, societies, and countries to the impacts and risks of climate change, their vulnerability levels, and the meaning of high or low adaptive capacity for them as well as what needs to be done are crucial for the continuity of vital activities. Therefore, in this review, the current situation, and future projections of climate change risks for Asia, Europe, Africa, Australasia, North, Central and South America, small islands, and polar regions as well as the countries in all these regions, within these indicators, were examined based on physical, geographical, socioeconomic and demographic factors, and various current indices are evaluated relying on the review. These indices have been evaluated in various aspects, both globally and for Turkey, in terms of climate change-related vulnerability and risk assessment, exposure to these impacts and risks, resilience and adaptive capacity levels. The general findings in the review point to Africa as the country most affected by climate change risks via its high exposure to climate risks and low capacity. On the other hand, the developed European countries, America, and Canada, are the least affected by climate risks due to their high adaptive capacities. The findings also point out that Turkey is moderately affected to climate change risks since its exposure to climate risks is greater than its adaptive capacity. However, the issues of access to safe water and food could occur in the future because of climate change, and the migration to Turkey from neighboring countries with higher vulnerability be expected to increase the vulnerability to a higher level with the rising population pressure.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Climate change, climate change risks, exposure, vulnerability, resilience, adaptive capacity

İklim Değişikliği Etkilerinin Küresel Performans Göstergeleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Birçok ülke küresel iklim değişikliğinin etkilerine farklı seviyelerde maruz kalmakta ve bu ülkelerin bazı sosyoekonomik ve çevresel faktörlere dayalı etkilenebilirlik seviyeleri değişiklik gösterebilmektedir. Özellikle bireyler, toplumlar ve ülkelerin iklim değişikliğinin etki ve risklerine ne kadar açık olduğu, etkilenebilirlik seviyeleri ve onlar için yüksek ya da düşük uyarlanabilir kapasitenin ne anlama geldiği ve yapılması gerekenlere dair bilgi ve farkındalık, temel yaşamsal faaliyetlerin devamlılığı için oldukça önemlidir. Bu nedenle bu derleme çalışmasında Asya, Avrupa, Afrika, Avustralasya, Kuzey, Orta ve Güney Amerika’nın yanı sıra küçük adalar ve kutup bölgeleri ile tüm bu bölgelerde yer alan ülkelerin iklim değişikliği risklerine karşı bu göstergeler dâhilinde mevcut durumları ve gelecek öngörüleri fiziki, coğrafi, sosyoekonomik ve demografik faktörler temelinde incelenmiş ve inceleme kapsamında çeşitli güncel indislere yer verilmiştir. Bu indisler hem küresel olarak hem de Türkiye açısından iklim değişikliği kaynaklı etkilenebilirlik ve risk değerlendirmesi, bu etki ve risklere maruziyet, dirençlilik ve uyarlanabilir kapasite düzeyleri açısından çeşitli yönleriyle ele alınmıştır. Çalışmadaki genel bulgular iklim değişikliği risklerinden en çok etkilenen ülkeler olarak iklim risklerine yüksek maruziyeti ve düşük kapasitesi nedeniyle Afrika ülkelerini işaret etmektedir. Diğer taraftan yüksek uyarlanabilir kapasitelerine bağlı olarak gelişmiş Avrupa ülkeleri, Amerika ve Kanada iklim risklerinden en az etkilenen yerler olarak görülmektedir. Bulgular ayrıca Türkiye’nin iklim risklerine maruziyetinin uyarlanabilir kapasitesinden daha fazla olması nedeniyle bu risklerden orta derecede etkileneceğine dikkat çekmektedir. Ancak, iklim değişikliğine bağlı gelecekte oluşabilecek güvenli su ve gıdaya erişim problemi ve etkilenebilirliği daha yüksek komşu ülkelerden Türkiye’ye kitlesel insan hareketi akışının artan nüfus baskısıyla bu etkilenebilirliği daha üst seviyeye taşıması beklenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İklim değişikliği, iklim değişikliği riskleri, maruziyet, etkilenebilirlik, dirençlilik, uyarlanabilir kapasite

Kaynakça

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