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Exploring the Associations among Fear of Covid-19, Religious Coping, and Mental Health Outcomes

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 24, 17 - 27, 20.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.32950/rid.1342115

Öz

It is known that some measures are applied at the individual and social level during the pandemic process, which is called a global trauma. Although these measures work to protect individuals from physical diseases, they are known to cause some mental health problems. Religion, as one of the coping tools used by people in the fight against psycho-social problems that emerged during the pandemic period, draws attention as a mechanism that people show more interest in, especially in times of crisis. In this aspect, religious coping comes to the fore as an important defense tool that people often resort to in the process of coping with stressful situations. In the Covid-19 process, the functional power of religion on people's mental health becomes even more important. As a matter of fact, the limited possibilities of combating the epidemic draws attention as an effective factor in turning to religion. When we look at the studies around "religious coping", it is seen that there are studies with mostly European-American centered participants/sample groups. In this context, it can be stated that there is a need for studies on different ethnic and religious groups during the pandemic process. As a matter of fact, religious coping can reveal different effects in individuals who follow different religions.
This study aims to examine the associations between fear of Covid-19, religious coping, and mental health by using a data set coming from 402 participants who are 18 and older (%55.7 women; %44.3 man). After measuring fear of Covid-19, religious coping, depression, stress, and anxiety levels of the participants, we conducted Pearson correlation and regression analyses. As expected, significant relationships were found between the main variables of the study. The findings have indicated that (a) fear of Covid-19 is positively associated with negative religious coping, (b) fear of Covid-19 is entirely unrelated to positive religious coping, (c) positive religious coping is inversely associated with depression, stress, and anxiety, (d) negative religious coping is positively associated with depression, stress, and anxiety, and (e) positive religious coping buffers the deleterious effects of depression, stress, and anxiety.

Kaynakça

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Covid-19 Korkusu, Dini Başa Çıkma ve Ruh Sağlığı Arasındaki İlişki Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 24, 17 - 27, 20.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.32950/rid.1342115

Öz

Küresel bir travma olan pandemi ile mücadele kapsamında bireysel ve toplumsal düzlemde zorunlu olarak bazı tedbirlere müracaat edildiği bilinmektedir. Bu tedbirler her ne kadar bireyleri hastalığa yakalanmaktan korusa da en iyi ihtimalle bazı ruh sağlığı problemlerine sebebiyet vermiştir. Pandemi döneminde ortaya çıkan psiko-sosyal problemler ile mücadelede insanların kullandıkları başa çıkma araçlarından biri olarak din, özellikle kriz zamanlarında insanların daha fazla ilgi gösterdiği bir mekanizma olarak dikkat çekmektedir. Dini başa çıkma bu yönüyle insanların, stresli durumlarla mücadele sürecinde sıklıkla başvurdukları önemli bir savunma aracı olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Covid-19 sürecinde ise dinin insanların ruh sağlığı üzerindeki fonksiyonel gücü daha da önemli hale gelmiştir. Nitekim salgınla mücadele imkanlarının sınırlılığı dine yönelişte etkili bir faktör olarak dikkat çekmektedir. “Dini başa çıkma” etrafında yapılan çalışmalara bakıldığında daha çok Avrupa-Amerika merkezli katılımcıların/örneklem gruplarının yoğunlukta olduğu çalışmaların yapıldığı görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda pandemi sürecinde farklı etnik ve dini gruplar üzerinde yapılacak çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu ifade edilebilir. Nitekim dini başa çıkma, farklı dinlere müntesip bireylerde farklı etkiler ortaya çıkarabilmektedir.
Bu araştırma Covid-19 korkusu, dini başa çıkma ve ruh sağlığı arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları kendi istekleriyle anketi dolduran 18 yaş üzeri 402 bireyden (%55,7 kadın; %44,3 erkek) oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların Covid-19 korkusu, dini başa çıkma ve depresyon, stres, anksiyete puanları ölçülerek korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Covid-19 korkusu ile olumsuz dini başa çıkma arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişki vardır. Covid-19 korkusu ile olumsuz dini başa çıkma arasındaki ilişki ise anlamlılık düzeyinde değildir. Depresyon, stres ve kaygı ile olumlu dini başa çıkma arasında negatif yönlü; olumsuz dini başa çıkma ile pozitif yönlü anlamlı ilişki bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca olumlu dini başa çıkmanın depresyon, stres ve kaygı düzeyleri üzerinde yordayıcı bir güç barındırdığı görülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Raiya Hisham., Ayten Ali., Tekke Mustafa., Agbaria Qutaiba. (2019). On the links between positive religious coping, satisfaction with life and depressive symptoms among a multinational sample of Muslims. International Journal of Psychology: Journal International De Psychologie, 54 (5), 678-686.
  • Ağılkaya Şahin, Z. (2017). Manevi bakım ve danışmanlık. İstanbul: Marmara Akademi Yayınları.
  • Ağılkaya Şahin, Z. (2018). Din ve psikoloji arasındaki uçurum gerçekten ne kadar derin? Psikoterapilerdeki dini izler. Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi, 22(3), 1607-1632.
  • Ağılkaya Şahin, Z. (2020). Psikoloji ve psikoterapide din. İstanbul: Çamlıca Yayınları.
  • Alyami, M., Henning, M., Krägeloh, C. U., & Alyami, H. (2021). Psychometric Evaluation of the Arabic Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(6), 2219-2232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00316-x
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  • Ekşi, H., & Sayın, M. (2016). The adaptation of Religious Coping Scale into Turkish language: A study of bilingual equivalance, validity and reliability.
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  • Erdoğdu, Y., Koçoğlu, F., & Sevim, C. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde anksiyete ile umutsuzluk düzeylerinin psikososyal ve demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23, 24-37.
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  • Gashi, F. (2020). Kosova Toplumunda Covid-19 Korkusu, Anksiyete ve Bireysel Dindarlık Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Trabzon İlahiyat Dergisi, 7(2), 227-262.
  • Graham, S., Furr, S., Flowers, C., & Burke, M. T. (2001). Research and Theory Religion and Spirituality in Coping With Stress. Counseling and Values, 46(1), 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-007X.2001.tb00202.x
  • Gürsu, O., & Bayındır, S. (2021). Covid-19 Hastalığını Geçiren Sağlık Çalışanlarının Başa Çıkma Sürecinde Din Ve Maneviyat. Turkish Academic Research Review, 6(1), 181-220. https://doi.org/10.30622/tarr.873732
  • Hoffart, A., Johnson, S. U., & Ebrahimi, O. V. (2020). Loneliness and social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Risk factors and associations with psychopathology. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/j9e4q
  • Holm, N. G. (2018). Din Psikolojisine Giriş (A. Bahadır, Çev.; 3. Baskı). İnsan Yayınları.
  • Holmes, E. A., O’Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., Ballard, C., Christensen, H., Cohen Silver, R., Everall, I., Ford, T., John, A., Kabir, T., King, K., Madan, I., Michie, S., Przybylski, A. K., Shafran, R., Sweeney, A., … Bullmore, E. (2020). Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: A call for action for mental health science. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(6), 547-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1
  • Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 epidemic in China: A web-based cross-sectional survey (s. 2020.02.19.20025395). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.19.20025395
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  • Kalgı, M. E. (2021). Covid-19 Salgınına Yakalanan Kişilerde Dindarlık ve Dinî Başa Çıkma. Marife Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi, 21(1), 131-150.
  • Kandemi̇r, F. (2020). Bazı Demografik Değişkenler Bağlamında Covid-19 Pandemi Neslinin Dindarlık ve Ölüm Kaygısı İlişkisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Araştırma. Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi, 8(1), 99-129. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3876200
  • Kaplan, H., Sevinç, K., & İşbilen, N. (2020). Doğal Afetleri Anlamlandırma ve Başa Çıkma: Covid-19 Salgını Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 579-598.
  • Kılınç, M., Arslan, G., Çakar, F. S., & Yıldırım, M. (2022). Psychological maltreatment, coping flexibility, and death obsession during the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi-mediation analysis. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02576-9
  • Kızılgeçi̇t, M., & Çi̇ni̇ci̇, M. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) Sürecinde Yapay Sinir Ağları Yöntemiyle Bireylerin Dini Başa Çıkma Düzeylerinin Tahmini. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, 54, 45-65. https://doi.org/10.29288/ilted.774693
  • Koenig, H. G. (2009). Research on religion, spirituality, and mental health: A review. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie, 54(5), 283-291. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400502
  • Koenig, H. G., George, L. K., Blazer, D. G., Pritchett, J. T., & et al. (1993). The relationship between religion and anxiety in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(1), 65-93.
  • Korkmaz, S., Akyürek, Ronahi., Karaçalı, Mesture. (2023). Dini Başa Çıkma, Şükür, Takdir Etme, Endişe ve Anksiyete İlişkisi, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 10 (2), 737-766.
  • Kumar, A., & Nayar, K. R. (2021). COVID 19 and its mental health consequences. Journal of Mental Health, 30(1), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2020.1757052
  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. Springer.
  • Lazarus, R. (1986). Coping strategies. In Illness Behavior (pp. 303-308). Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Lewin, J. S., & Chatters, L. M. (1998). Research on Religion and Mental Health: An Overview of Empirical Findings and Theoretical Issues. İçinde H. G. Koenig (Ed.), Religion and Mental Health. Elseiver.
  • Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335-343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-u
  • McCullough, M. E., & Larson, D. B. (1999). Religion and depression: A review of the literature. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 2(2), 126-136. https://doi.org/10.1375/twin.2.2.126
  • Mert, S., Peker Karatoprak, A., Demirhan, Y., Baydemir, C., Çetinarslan, B., Cantürk, Z., Selek, A., Aydin, L., Sözen, M., & Gezer, E. (2021). COVID-19, Anxiety, and Hopelessness: Quality of Life Among Healthcare Workers in Turkey. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 01632787211067530. https://doi.org/10.1177/01632787211067530
  • Morgan, G. A., Leech, N. L., Gloeckner, G. W., & Barrett, K. C. (2011). Ibm Spss for Introductory Statistics Use and Intepretation. Routledge.
  • Okan, N., & Ören, A. (2021). Covid-19 Sürecinde Yaşanılan Olumsuz Duygularda Dini Başa Çıkma’nın Rolü. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, 56, 359-380. https://doi.org/10.29288/ilted.973524
  • Özgüç, S., Kaplan Serin, E., & Tanriverdi, D. (2021). Death Anxiety Associated With Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying, 00302228211050503. https://doi.org/10.1177/00302228211050503
  • Pargament, K. I. (1997). The psychology of religion and coping: Theory, research, practice. Guilford Press.
  • Pargament, K. I., Smith, B. W., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. (1998). Patterns of Positive and Negative Religious Coping with Major Life Stressors. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 37(4), 710-724. https://doi.org/10.2307/1388152
  • Pargament, K. I., Falb, M. D., Ano, G. G., & Wachholtz, A. B. (2013). The religious dimension of coping: Advances in theory, research, and practice.
  • Peteet, J. R. (2020). COVID-19 Anxiety. Journal of Religion and Health, 59(5), 2203-2204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01041-4
  • Pfefferbaum, B., & North, C. S. (2020). Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(6), 510-512. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2008017
  • Pirutinsky, S., Cherniak, A. D., & Rosmarin, D. H. (2020). COVID-19, Mental Health, and Religious Coping Among American Orthodox Jews. Journal of Religion and Health, 59(5), 2288-2301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01070-z
  • Pollner, M. (1989). Divine relations, social relations, and well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 30, 92-104.
  • Prazeres, F., Passos, L., Simões, J. A., Simões, P., Martins, C., & Teixeira, A. (2021). COVID-19-Related Fear and Anxiety: Spiritual-Religious Coping in Healthcare Workers in Portugal. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010220
  • Pretorius, T. (2021). Depression among health care students in the time of COVID-19: The mediating role of resilience in the hopelessness–depression relationship. South African Journal of Psychology, 51(2), 269-278. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246321994452
  • Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2), e100213. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
  • Sami̇, S. (2021). Covid-19 Nedeniyle Yakınlarını Kaybeden Bireylerde Yas Süreci ve Dini Başa Çıkma. İlahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi, 55, 421-444.
  • Sarıçam, H. (2018). The Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) in Community and Clinical Samples. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 7(1), 19-30.
  • Shanbehzadeh, S., Tavahomi, M., Zanjari, N., Ebrahimi-Takamjani, I., & Amiri-Arimi, S. (2021). Physical and mental health complications post-COVID-19: Scoping review. Journal of psychosomatic research, 147, 110525.
  • Shiah, Y.-J., Chang, F., Chiang, S.-K., Lin, I.-M., & Tam, W.-C. C. (2015). Religion and Health: Anxiety, Religiosity, Meaning of Life and Mental Health. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(1), 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-013-9781-3
  • Sorokin, M. Y., Kasyanov, E. D., Rukavishnikov, G. V., Makarevich, O. V., Neznanov, N. G., Lutova, N. B., & Mazo, G. E. (2020). Structure of anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic in the Russian-speaking sample: Results from on-line survey (s. 2020.04.28.20074302). medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.28.20074302
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using Multivariate Statistics (Sixth Edition). Pearson.
  • Thomas, J., & Barbato, M. (2020). Positive Religious Coping and Mental Health among Christians and Muslims in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Religions, 11(10), 498. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel11100498
  • Turan, Y., Bostan, S., & Baynal, F. (2022). The Effect Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Religion. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(1), 319-338. https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.995556
  • Üstün, Ç., & Özçiftçi, S. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisinin sosyal yaşam ve etik düzlem üzerine etkileri: Bir değerlendirme çalışması. Anatolian Clinic the Journal of Medical Sciences, 25(Special Issue on COVID 19), 142-153.
  • WHO. (2020). Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19—11 March 2020. WHO. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
  • WHO. (2022). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. https://covid19.who.int/.
  • Wikström, O. (1987). Attribution, roles and religion: A theoretical analysis of Sundén's role theory of religion and the attributional approach to religious experience. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 390-400.
  • Yao, H., Chen, J.-H., & Xu, Y.-F. (2020). Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), e21-e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30090-0
  • Yıldırım, M., Arslan, G., & Alkahtani, A. M. (2021). Do fear of COVID-19 and religious coping predict depression, anxiety, and stress among the Arab population during health crisis? Death Studies, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2021.1882617
  • Yıldırım, M., Kızılgeçit, M., Seçer, İ., Karabulut, F., Angın, Y., Dağcı, A., Vural, M. E., Bayram, N. N., & Çinici, M. (2021). Meaning in Life, Religious Coping, and Loneliness During the Coronavirus Health Crisis in Turkey. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(4), 2371-2385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-020-01173-7
  • Zarrouq, B., Abbas, N., Hilaly, J. E., Asri, A. E., Abbouyi, S., Omari, M., Malki, H., Bouazza, S., Moutawakkil, S. G., Halim, K., & Ragala, M. E. (2021). An investigation of the association between religious coping, fatigue, anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco: A web-based cross-sectional survey. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 264.
Toplam 75 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Doğu Dinleri ve Gelenekleri Araştırmaları, Dini Araştırmalar (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Hızır Hacıkeleşoğlu 0000-0001-7831-0090

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Ekim 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Sayı: 24

Kaynak Göster

ISNAD Hacıkeleşoğlu, Hızır. “Exploring the Associations Among Fear of Covid-19, Religious Coping, and Mental Health Outcomes”. Rize İlahiyat Dergisi 24 (Ekim 2023), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.32950/rid.1342115.