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Constructing Threats and a Need for Control: Textbook Descriptions of a Growing, Moving World Population

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 7 - 25, 30.04.2014

Öz

The population of the world is growing and moving. The overwhelming majority of people are on the
move inside their own country and mostly towards cities while a minority moves from non-Western
areas to the West. In Finnish geography, history and social science school textbooks, this mobility tends
to be depicted differently depending on whether the movers represent “us” or “them.” Global population
growth is most prevalent in the poorest regions of the world, even though Europe is clearly the most
densely populated continent. Still, the talk of “overpopulation” does not usually concern Europe or the
West. The article uses discourse theory analysis and a postcolonial framework to research the discourse
of ‘us’ and ‘them’ with regard to population growth and migration as they are presented in Finnish
textbooks. The results show that the hegemony of a superior West is alive and well in the books, which
portray the non-Western populations as growing and moving in uncontrolled and threatening ways.
Uncontrolled urbanization is seen as dangerous, and the implication is that there are too many people in
non-Western areas. Metaphors such as natural disasters or floods are used to describe the moving
population, while cities are described as “suffocating.” 

Kaynakça

  • Agge, K., Ahonen, T., Heiskanen, S., Juuti, K., Kesler, M., Purme, J., Uitto, A ja Edita Publishing Oy (2009). Biologian ja maantiedon polku 6. Helsinki: Edita Prima.
  • Ahmed, S. (2011). Vithetens hegemoni. Hägersten: Tankekraft förlag. Alhainen, J., Hurme, N., Varis, S. ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö Tammi (2010). Historia kertoo 6. Slovenia: Korotan-Ljubljana.
  • Andreotti, V. & de Souza, L. (2012). Postcolonial perspectives on global citizenship education. New York: Routledge. Arjanne, S., Kenno, P., Nyberg, T., Palosaari, M., Vehmas, P., Vestelin, O. ja
  • Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava (2006). Koulun biologia ja maantieto 5. Keuruu: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy.
  • Arjanne, S., Leinonen, M., Nyberg, T., Palosaari, M., Vehmas, P. ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava (2005). Koulun biologia ja maantieto 6. Keuruu: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy.
  • Arjanne, S., Leinonen, M., Nyberg, T., Palosaari, M., Vehmas, P. ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava (2010). Koulun biologia ja maantieto 6. Keuruu: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy.
  • Arohonka, J., Jutila, H., Kankaanrinta, I.-K., Kytömäki, J. och Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö (2009). Uppdrag Europa 8. Borgå: tt-urex.
  • Azar, M. (2004). (Stor)stadens libidinala ekonomi. In T. Johansson & O. Sernhede (Eds.), Urbanitetens omvandlingar. Kultur och identitet i den postindustriella staden (203-223) Göteborg: Daidalos.
  • Balibar, É. (2009). Vi, det europeiska folket? Reflektioner kring ett transnationellt medborgarskap. Hägersten: Tankekraft förlag.
  • Bauman, Z. (2004). Wasted lives. Modernity and its outcasts. New Hampshire: Polity Press.
  • Brown, W. (2011). Inhägnade stater, avtagande suveränitet [Walled states, waning Sovereignity]. Hägersten: Tankekraft förlag.
  • Cantell, H., Jutila, H., Laiho, H., Lavonen, J., Pekkala, E, Saari, H. ja WSOY Oppimateriaalit (2008). Pisara 6. Helsinki: WSOY.
  • Davis, M. (2007). Slum. Världens storstäder. [Planet of slums] Lund: Arkiv förlag. Ertimo, M., Laitakari, A., Maskonen, T., Seppänen, K., Tulivuori, J. ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö
  • Tammi (2008). Jäljillä 6. Vammala: Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy.
  • Fanon, F. (1961). The wretched of the earth. New York: Grove Press.
  • Forsemalm, J. (2004) In T. Johansson & O. Sernhede (Eds.), Urbanitetens omvandlingar. Kultur och identitet i den postindustriella staden (141-162) Göteborg: Daidalos.
  • Gapminder [Gapminder Foundation]. (2014, January 20). Will saving poor children lead to overpopulation? [Video file] Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkSO9pOVpRM
  • Gates, B. & M. (2014). 3 myths that block progress for the poor. Gates annual letter 2014. Retrieved from http://annualletter.gatesfoundation.org/~/media/Annual%20Letter%202014/PDFs/2014_ GatesAnnualLetter_ENGLISH_1.pdf
  • Graves, N. (1996). ‘The Intellectual Origins of Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century British Geography Books’, Paradigm 19, May.
  • Hall, S. (1992). The West and the Rest: Discourse and power. In S. Hall & B. Gieben (Eds.), Formations of modernity (185-225). Cambridge: Polity Press/Open University. International Organization for Migration. (2011). World migration report 2011. Communicating effectively about migration. Retrieved from http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/WMR2011_English.pdf
  • Holdsworth, C., Finney, N., Marshall, A. & Norman, P. (2013). Population and society. London: Sage Publications.
  • Honkanen, T., Marjomäki, H., Rajala, K. ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava (2009). Yhteiskunnan tuulet-Tehtäväkirja 9. Keuruu: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy.
  • Kohvakka, V., Ojakoski, M., Pönni, J., Raassina-Merikanto, T. & WSOY Oppimateriaalit Oy (2009). Aikalainen 8. Helsinki: WSOY.
  • Krumer-Nevo, M. and Sidi, M. (2012). Writing against othering. Qualitative Inquiry,18(4), 299- 309. Doi: 10.1177/1077800411433546
  • Laclau, E. & Mouffe, C. (2008). Hegemonin och den socialistiska strategin. [Hegemony and socialist strategy] Göteborg/Stockholm: Glänta production/Vertigo förlag.
  • Lähteenmäki, M., Troberg, M. & Edita Publishing (2007). Kronikka 8. Helsinki: Edita Prima Oy.
  • Lappalainen, O., Tiainen, S., Waronen, E., Zetterberg, S., af Hällström, K., Malmström, H. och Schildts Förlag Ab (2006). Horisont. Vasa: Ykkös-Offset.
  • Lappé, F. M. & Schurman, R. (1988). The missing piece in the population puzzle. Food First Development Report # 4. San Fransisco: Institute for Food & Development Policy Leinonen, M., Martikainen, A., Nyberg, T., Veistola, S., Jortikka, S. ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö
  • Otava (2010). KM Maailma 8. Keuruu: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy. Leinonen, M., Nyberg, T., Veistola, S., Jortikka, S. ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava (2010). KM Amerikka 7. Keuruu: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy.
  • Lefebvre, H. (1996). The Right to the City. In E. Kofman & E. Lebas (Eds.) Writings on Cities: Henri Lefebvre (147-159). London: Blackwell.
  • Loftsdóttir, K. & Jensen, L. (eds) (2012). Whiteness and postcolonialism in the Nordic region. Exceptionalism, migrant others and national identities. Farnham/Burlington: Ashgate.
  • Marsden, W. E. (2001). The school textbook. Geography, history and social studies. London: Woburn Press.
  • Mies, M. & Shiva, V. (2001). People or population: Towards a new ecology of reproduction. In Kum-Kum Bhavnani (ed). Feminism and Race. Oxford: Oxford University Press. National board of education: National core curriculum for basic education 2004 http://www.oph.fi/download/47671_core_curricula_basic_education_1.pdf
  • Pudas, A.-K. (2013). Investigating possibilities to develop textbooks to implement global education in basic education instruction. IARTEM 5(2), 1-22
  • Putus-Hilasvuori, T., Ukkonen, J., Ojakoski, M. & Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö (2008). Yhteiskunta NYT 9. Helsinki: WSOY.
  • Rizvi, F. (2007). Postcolonialism and globalization in education. Cultural Studies  Critical Methodologies, 7(3), 256-263. Doi: 10.1177/1532708607303606
  • Said, E. (1978). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Sassen, S. (1996) Whose city is it? Globalization and the formation of new claims, Public Culture, 8(2), pp. 205–223.
  • Torfing, J. (1999): New theories of discourse. Laclau, Mouffe and Zizek. Oxford: Blackwell. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2012). Migrants by origin and destination: The role of South-South migration. Population Facts No 2012/3. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/popfacts/popfacts_2012-3_SouthSouth_migration.pdf
  • UNDP (2009). Human Development Report 2009. Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development SUMMARY Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Summary.pdf
  • UNFPA (2012). State of the world population 2012 Retrieved from http://www.unfpa.org/swp Vuorela, U. (2009). ‘Colonial complicity: The ‘Postcolonial’ in a Nordic context’. In S. Keskinen, S. Tuori, S. Irni, & D. Mulinari, (Eds), Complying with Colonialism: Gender, Race and Ethnicity in the Nordic Region (19-34). Ashgate, Farnham.
Yıl 2014, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 7 - 25, 30.04.2014

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Agge, K., Ahonen, T., Heiskanen, S., Juuti, K., Kesler, M., Purme, J., Uitto, A ja Edita Publishing Oy (2009). Biologian ja maantiedon polku 6. Helsinki: Edita Prima.
  • Ahmed, S. (2011). Vithetens hegemoni. Hägersten: Tankekraft förlag. Alhainen, J., Hurme, N., Varis, S. ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö Tammi (2010). Historia kertoo 6. Slovenia: Korotan-Ljubljana.
  • Andreotti, V. & de Souza, L. (2012). Postcolonial perspectives on global citizenship education. New York: Routledge. Arjanne, S., Kenno, P., Nyberg, T., Palosaari, M., Vehmas, P., Vestelin, O. ja
  • Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava (2006). Koulun biologia ja maantieto 5. Keuruu: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy.
  • Arjanne, S., Leinonen, M., Nyberg, T., Palosaari, M., Vehmas, P. ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava (2005). Koulun biologia ja maantieto 6. Keuruu: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy.
  • Arjanne, S., Leinonen, M., Nyberg, T., Palosaari, M., Vehmas, P. ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava (2010). Koulun biologia ja maantieto 6. Keuruu: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy.
  • Arohonka, J., Jutila, H., Kankaanrinta, I.-K., Kytömäki, J. och Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö (2009). Uppdrag Europa 8. Borgå: tt-urex.
  • Azar, M. (2004). (Stor)stadens libidinala ekonomi. In T. Johansson & O. Sernhede (Eds.), Urbanitetens omvandlingar. Kultur och identitet i den postindustriella staden (203-223) Göteborg: Daidalos.
  • Balibar, É. (2009). Vi, det europeiska folket? Reflektioner kring ett transnationellt medborgarskap. Hägersten: Tankekraft förlag.
  • Bauman, Z. (2004). Wasted lives. Modernity and its outcasts. New Hampshire: Polity Press.
  • Brown, W. (2011). Inhägnade stater, avtagande suveränitet [Walled states, waning Sovereignity]. Hägersten: Tankekraft förlag.
  • Cantell, H., Jutila, H., Laiho, H., Lavonen, J., Pekkala, E, Saari, H. ja WSOY Oppimateriaalit (2008). Pisara 6. Helsinki: WSOY.
  • Davis, M. (2007). Slum. Världens storstäder. [Planet of slums] Lund: Arkiv förlag. Ertimo, M., Laitakari, A., Maskonen, T., Seppänen, K., Tulivuori, J. ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö
  • Tammi (2008). Jäljillä 6. Vammala: Vammalan Kirjapaino Oy.
  • Fanon, F. (1961). The wretched of the earth. New York: Grove Press.
  • Forsemalm, J. (2004) In T. Johansson & O. Sernhede (Eds.), Urbanitetens omvandlingar. Kultur och identitet i den postindustriella staden (141-162) Göteborg: Daidalos.
  • Gapminder [Gapminder Foundation]. (2014, January 20). Will saving poor children lead to overpopulation? [Video file] Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkSO9pOVpRM
  • Gates, B. & M. (2014). 3 myths that block progress for the poor. Gates annual letter 2014. Retrieved from http://annualletter.gatesfoundation.org/~/media/Annual%20Letter%202014/PDFs/2014_ GatesAnnualLetter_ENGLISH_1.pdf
  • Graves, N. (1996). ‘The Intellectual Origins of Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century British Geography Books’, Paradigm 19, May.
  • Hall, S. (1992). The West and the Rest: Discourse and power. In S. Hall & B. Gieben (Eds.), Formations of modernity (185-225). Cambridge: Polity Press/Open University. International Organization for Migration. (2011). World migration report 2011. Communicating effectively about migration. Retrieved from http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/WMR2011_English.pdf
  • Holdsworth, C., Finney, N., Marshall, A. & Norman, P. (2013). Population and society. London: Sage Publications.
  • Honkanen, T., Marjomäki, H., Rajala, K. ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava (2009). Yhteiskunnan tuulet-Tehtäväkirja 9. Keuruu: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy.
  • Kohvakka, V., Ojakoski, M., Pönni, J., Raassina-Merikanto, T. & WSOY Oppimateriaalit Oy (2009). Aikalainen 8. Helsinki: WSOY.
  • Krumer-Nevo, M. and Sidi, M. (2012). Writing against othering. Qualitative Inquiry,18(4), 299- 309. Doi: 10.1177/1077800411433546
  • Laclau, E. & Mouffe, C. (2008). Hegemonin och den socialistiska strategin. [Hegemony and socialist strategy] Göteborg/Stockholm: Glänta production/Vertigo förlag.
  • Lähteenmäki, M., Troberg, M. & Edita Publishing (2007). Kronikka 8. Helsinki: Edita Prima Oy.
  • Lappalainen, O., Tiainen, S., Waronen, E., Zetterberg, S., af Hällström, K., Malmström, H. och Schildts Förlag Ab (2006). Horisont. Vasa: Ykkös-Offset.
  • Lappé, F. M. & Schurman, R. (1988). The missing piece in the population puzzle. Food First Development Report # 4. San Fransisco: Institute for Food & Development Policy Leinonen, M., Martikainen, A., Nyberg, T., Veistola, S., Jortikka, S. ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö
  • Otava (2010). KM Maailma 8. Keuruu: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy. Leinonen, M., Nyberg, T., Veistola, S., Jortikka, S. ja Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava (2010). KM Amerikka 7. Keuruu: Otavan Kirjapaino Oy.
  • Lefebvre, H. (1996). The Right to the City. In E. Kofman & E. Lebas (Eds.) Writings on Cities: Henri Lefebvre (147-159). London: Blackwell.
  • Loftsdóttir, K. & Jensen, L. (eds) (2012). Whiteness and postcolonialism in the Nordic region. Exceptionalism, migrant others and national identities. Farnham/Burlington: Ashgate.
  • Marsden, W. E. (2001). The school textbook. Geography, history and social studies. London: Woburn Press.
  • Mies, M. & Shiva, V. (2001). People or population: Towards a new ecology of reproduction. In Kum-Kum Bhavnani (ed). Feminism and Race. Oxford: Oxford University Press. National board of education: National core curriculum for basic education 2004 http://www.oph.fi/download/47671_core_curricula_basic_education_1.pdf
  • Pudas, A.-K. (2013). Investigating possibilities to develop textbooks to implement global education in basic education instruction. IARTEM 5(2), 1-22
  • Putus-Hilasvuori, T., Ukkonen, J., Ojakoski, M. & Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö (2008). Yhteiskunta NYT 9. Helsinki: WSOY.
  • Rizvi, F. (2007). Postcolonialism and globalization in education. Cultural Studies  Critical Methodologies, 7(3), 256-263. Doi: 10.1177/1532708607303606
  • Said, E. (1978). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Sassen, S. (1996) Whose city is it? Globalization and the formation of new claims, Public Culture, 8(2), pp. 205–223.
  • Torfing, J. (1999): New theories of discourse. Laclau, Mouffe and Zizek. Oxford: Blackwell. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (2012). Migrants by origin and destination: The role of South-South migration. Population Facts No 2012/3. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/popfacts/popfacts_2012-3_SouthSouth_migration.pdf
  • UNDP (2009). Human Development Report 2009. Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development SUMMARY Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Summary.pdf
  • UNFPA (2012). State of the world population 2012 Retrieved from http://www.unfpa.org/swp Vuorela, U. (2009). ‘Colonial complicity: The ‘Postcolonial’ in a Nordic context’. In S. Keskinen, S. Tuori, S. Irni, & D. Mulinari, (Eds), Complying with Colonialism: Gender, Race and Ethnicity in the Nordic Region (19-34). Ashgate, Farnham.
Toplam 41 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Pia Mıkander Bu kişi benim

Gunilla Holm Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Nisan 2014
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Ocak 2014
Kabul Tarihi 23 Mart 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Mıkander, P., & Holm, G. (2014). Constructing Threats and a Need for Control: Textbook Descriptions of a Growing, Moving World Population. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 4(1), 7-25.
AMA Mıkander P, Holm G. Constructing Threats and a Need for Control: Textbook Descriptions of a Growing, Moving World Population. Review of International Geographical Education Online. Nisan 2014;4(1):7-25.
Chicago Mıkander, Pia, ve Gunilla Holm. “Constructing Threats and a Need for Control: Textbook Descriptions of a Growing, Moving World Population”. Review of International Geographical Education Online 4, sy. 1 (Nisan 2014): 7-25.
EndNote Mıkander P, Holm G (01 Nisan 2014) Constructing Threats and a Need for Control: Textbook Descriptions of a Growing, Moving World Population. Review of International Geographical Education Online 4 1 7–25.
IEEE P. Mıkander ve G. Holm, “Constructing Threats and a Need for Control: Textbook Descriptions of a Growing, Moving World Population”, Review of International Geographical Education Online, c. 4, sy. 1, ss. 7–25, 2014.
ISNAD Mıkander, Pia - Holm, Gunilla. “Constructing Threats and a Need for Control: Textbook Descriptions of a Growing, Moving World Population”. Review of International Geographical Education Online 4/1 (Nisan 2014), 7-25.
JAMA Mıkander P, Holm G. Constructing Threats and a Need for Control: Textbook Descriptions of a Growing, Moving World Population. Review of International Geographical Education Online. 2014;4:7–25.
MLA Mıkander, Pia ve Gunilla Holm. “Constructing Threats and a Need for Control: Textbook Descriptions of a Growing, Moving World Population”. Review of International Geographical Education Online, c. 4, sy. 1, 2014, ss. 7-25.
Vancouver Mıkander P, Holm G. Constructing Threats and a Need for Control: Textbook Descriptions of a Growing, Moving World Population. Review of International Geographical Education Online. 2014;4(1):7-25.