Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 0 - 0, 31.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.877708

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Bailey, J. E., Whitmeyer, S. J., & De Paor, D. G. (2012). Introduction: The application of Google Geo Tools to geoscience education and research. Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 492. https://doi.org/10.1130/2012.2492(00)
  • Battista, M. T. (2012). Spatial Visualization and Gender Differences in High School Geometry. Differences, 21(1), 47–60.
  • Bednarz, R. S., & Lee, J. (2011). The components of spatial thinking: Empirical evidence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 21, 103–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.07.048
  • Belgiu, M., Strobl, J., & Wallentin, G. (2015). Open geospatial education. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 4(2), 697–710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4020697
  • Birgili, B. (2015). Creative and Critical Thinking Skills in Problem-based Learning Environments. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity, 2(2), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.18200/JGEDC.2015214253
  • Bodzin, A. M. (2011). The implementation of a geospatial information technology (GIT)-supported land use change curriculum with urban middle school learners to promote spatial thinking. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 48(3), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20409
  • Bosco, A., Longoni, A. M., & Vecchi, T. (2004). Gender effects in spatial orientation: Cognitive profiles and mental strategies. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18(5), 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1000
  • Umanailo, M. Chairul Basrun. (2016). Ilmu sosial budaya dasar. Namlea: FAM Publishing.
  • Elbay, S. (2020). A Foundational Perspective for Spatial Thinking in Relation to Social Studies Curriculum and Middle-School Textbooks in Turkey. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 10(2), 30–57. https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.616984
  • Erdoğan, G. (2019). Identifiying Urban Fringe Spatial Character with Fractal Analysis: AkhanDeni̇zli̇. E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 14(2), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2019.14.2.e0045
  • Gis, G. (2008). GIS Concepts. Open Source GIS: A Grass GIS Approach, 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8065-4_2
  • Golledge, R. G. (2002). The nature of geographic knowledge (annual address of the Past President of the AAG). Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 92(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-6958-9-35
  • Goodchild, M. F. (2011). Spatial thinking and the GIS user interface. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 21, 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.07.002
  • Hardwick, S. W., Bean, L. L., Alexander, K. A., & Shelley, F. M. (2000). Gender vs. Sex differences: Factors affecting performance in geographic education. Journal of Geography, 99(6), 238–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221340008978974
  • Hardwick, S. W., & Shelley, F. M. (1999). Gender and Geographic Education. Journal of Geography, 98(6), 247–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221349908978937
  • Hattie, J. (2015). The Applicability of Visible Learning to Higher Education. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology, 1(1), 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/stl0000021
  • Heffron, S. G. (2012). GFL2! The Updated Geography for Life: National Geography Standards, Second Edition. Geography Teacher, 9(2), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338341.2012.679889
  • Ishikawa, T. (2016). Spatial thinking in geographic information science: Students’ geospatial conceptions, map-based reasoning, and spatial visualization ability. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 106(1), 76–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1064342
  • Jackson, P. (2006). Thinking Geographically. Geographical Association, 91(3), 199–204.
  • Jia, P., Xue, H., Yin, L., Stein, A., Wang, M., & Wang, Y. (2019). Spatial Technologies in Obesity Research: Current Applications and Future Promise. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 30(3), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2018.12.003
  • Jo, I., Hong, J. E., & Verma, K. (2016). Facilitating spatial thinking in world geography using Web-based GIS. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 40(3), 442–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2016.1150439
  • King, M. J., Katz, D. P., Thompson, L. A., & Macnamara, B. N. (2019). Genetic and environmental influences on spatial reasoning: A meta-analysis of twin studies. Intelligence, 73(December 2018), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2019.01.001
  • Lauer, J. E., Yhang, E., & Lourenco, S. F. (2019). The development of gender differences in spatial reasoning: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 145(6), 537–565. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000191
  • Linn, M. C., & Petersen, A. C. (1985). Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 56(6), 1479–1498. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00213.x
  • Marsh, M., & Alagona, P. S. (2018). Barron’s AP Human Geography with Online Tests. Barrons Educational Series.
  • Metoyer, S., & Bednarz, R. (2016). Spatial Thinking Assists Geographic Thinking: Evidence from a Study Exploring the Effects of Geospatial Technology Spatial Thinking Assists Geographic Thinking: Evidence from a Study Exploring the Effects of Geospatial Technology. Journal of Geography, 1341(May). https://doi.org/10.1080/00221341.2016.1175495
  • Montello, D. R., Lovelace, K. L., Golledge, R. G., & Self, C. M. (1999). Sex-related differences and similarities in geographic and environmental spatial abilities. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 89(3), 515–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/0004-5608.00160
  • Moorman, L. A., & Crichton, S. (2018). Learner Requirements and Geospatial Literacy Challenges for Making Meaning with Google Earth. International Journal of Geospatial and Environment Research, 5(3).
  • Mosharraf, H. M., & Tabaeian, S. M. (2014). The importance of environmental psychology in design of educational spaces. Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(22), 766–771.
  • Muffato, V., & Meneghetti, C. (2020). Knowledge of familiar environments: Assessing modalities and individual visuo-spatial factors. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 67(January). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101387
  • National Research Council. (2006). Learning to Think Spatially. In National Research Council. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.1089/1076280041138243
  • Newcombe, N., Bandura, M. M., & Taylor, D. G. (1983). Sex differences in spatial ability and spatial activities. Sex Roles, 9(3), 377–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00289672
  • Newcombe, N. S. (2016). Thinking spatially in the science classroom. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 10, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.04.010
  • Patterson, T. C. (2007). Google earth as a (not just) geography education tool. Journal of Geography, 106(4), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221340701678032
  • Reilly, D., & Neumann, D. L. (2013). Gender-Role Differences in Spatial Ability: A Meta-Analytic Review. Sex Roles, 68(9–10), 521–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-013-0269-0
  • Reilly, David & Neumann, David L. (2016). Visual-spatial ability in STEM education: Transforming research into practice. In Visual-spatial Ability in STEM Education: Transforming Research into Practice. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44385-0
  • Sanchis-Segura, C., Aguirre, N., Cruz-Gómez, Á. J., Solozano, N., & Forn, C. (2018). Do gender-related stereotypes affect spatial performance? Exploring when, how and to whom using a chronometric two-choice mental rotation task. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01261
  • Schultz, R. B., Kerski, J. J., & Patterson, T. C. (2008). The use of virtual globes as a spatial teaching tool with suggestions for metadata standards. Journal of Geography, 107(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221340802049844
  • Seyhan, A. (2019). Out-of-School Learning to Achieve the Spatial Perception Skills: A Case Study. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 9(3), 618–638. https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.601734
  • Sinton, D. S. (2015). Spatial thinking and GIS. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1557, 29–35.
  • Solari, O. M., Demirci, A., & Van der Schee, J. (2015). Geospatial Technologies and Geography Education in a Changing World: Geospatial Practices and Lessons Learned. Tokyo: Springer.
  • Sumarmi, Bachri, S., Irawan, L. Y., Putra, D. B. P., Risnani, & Aliman, M. (2020). The effect of experiential learning models on high school students learning scores and disaster countermeasures education abilities. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(1), 61–85. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.635632
  • Uhlenwinkel, A. (2013). Spatial Thinking or Thinking Geographically? On the Importance of Avoiding Maps without Meaning. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1553/giscience2013s294.
  • Urfan, F. (2017). Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Kecerdasan Spasial Peserta Didik Melalui Affordance Dan Geo-Literacy Menggunakan Analisis Jalur (Studi Kasus SMA Negeri di Kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Bandung). Jurnal Geografi Gea, 16(2), 105. https://doi.org/10.17509/gea.v16i2.3281
  • Xiang, X., & Liu, Y. (2017). Understanding ‘change’ through spatial thinking using Google Earth in secondary geography. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 33(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12166
  • Yang, J. C., & Chen, S. Y. (2010). Effects of gender differences and spatial abilities within a digital pentominoes game. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1220–1233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.05.019
  • Yilmaz, B., & Yilmaz, H. B. (2017). On the development and measurement of spatial ability. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 1(2), 83–96.
  • Yilmaz, H. (2009). On the development and measurement of spatial ability. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 1.

The Spatial Thinking Ability Students on the Character of Urban and Rural Environments in Solving Population Problems

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 0 - 0, 31.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.877708

Öz

The purpose of this study is 1) to determine differences in the characteristics of the spatial thinking ability of students in urban and rural school environments and 2) to determine differences in the characteristics of the spatial thinking ability of the students in the urban and rural school environments in terms of the type of gender. This research uses experiment methods with a population of class XI students of Social Science both in urban and rural schools with a total sample of 31 students from each school. Spatial thinking skills are measured through the test of problem solving using the satellite imagery of Google Earth as a tool of representation. Spatial thinking skills assessment is based on the components of spatial thinking. It includes understanding concepts of spatial, the use of representation tools, and reasoning process. The data analysis uses statistical for different test with SPSS 25.0 for windows. The results showed, first, spatial thinking ability character’s between students in the urban and rural environments are significantly differences. So, the character of environment, i.e., urban and rural is not always consistent in influencing the spatial thinking ability of the students. Second, no differences in the spatial thinking ability in the statistics between male and female students. However, the students in urban environment have the characteristics of spatial thinking better than the students in the rural environment. Female students in urban environment have more powerful character of spatial thinking skills, though it is not proven in male students.

Kaynakça

  • Bailey, J. E., Whitmeyer, S. J., & De Paor, D. G. (2012). Introduction: The application of Google Geo Tools to geoscience education and research. Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, 492. https://doi.org/10.1130/2012.2492(00)
  • Battista, M. T. (2012). Spatial Visualization and Gender Differences in High School Geometry. Differences, 21(1), 47–60.
  • Bednarz, R. S., & Lee, J. (2011). The components of spatial thinking: Empirical evidence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 21, 103–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.07.048
  • Belgiu, M., Strobl, J., & Wallentin, G. (2015). Open geospatial education. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 4(2), 697–710. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi4020697
  • Birgili, B. (2015). Creative and Critical Thinking Skills in Problem-based Learning Environments. Journal of Gifted Education and Creativity, 2(2), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.18200/JGEDC.2015214253
  • Bodzin, A. M. (2011). The implementation of a geospatial information technology (GIT)-supported land use change curriculum with urban middle school learners to promote spatial thinking. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 48(3), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20409
  • Bosco, A., Longoni, A. M., & Vecchi, T. (2004). Gender effects in spatial orientation: Cognitive profiles and mental strategies. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 18(5), 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1000
  • Umanailo, M. Chairul Basrun. (2016). Ilmu sosial budaya dasar. Namlea: FAM Publishing.
  • Elbay, S. (2020). A Foundational Perspective for Spatial Thinking in Relation to Social Studies Curriculum and Middle-School Textbooks in Turkey. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 10(2), 30–57. https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.616984
  • Erdoğan, G. (2019). Identifiying Urban Fringe Spatial Character with Fractal Analysis: AkhanDeni̇zli̇. E-Journal of New World Sciences Academy, 14(2), 11–17. https://doi.org/10.12739/nwsa.2019.14.2.e0045
  • Gis, G. (2008). GIS Concepts. Open Source GIS: A Grass GIS Approach, 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-8065-4_2
  • Golledge, R. G. (2002). The nature of geographic knowledge (annual address of the Past President of the AAG). Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 92(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-6958-9-35
  • Goodchild, M. F. (2011). Spatial thinking and the GIS user interface. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 21, 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.07.002
  • Hardwick, S. W., Bean, L. L., Alexander, K. A., & Shelley, F. M. (2000). Gender vs. Sex differences: Factors affecting performance in geographic education. Journal of Geography, 99(6), 238–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221340008978974
  • Hardwick, S. W., & Shelley, F. M. (1999). Gender and Geographic Education. Journal of Geography, 98(6), 247–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221349908978937
  • Hattie, J. (2015). The Applicability of Visible Learning to Higher Education. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology, 1(1), 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/stl0000021
  • Heffron, S. G. (2012). GFL2! The Updated Geography for Life: National Geography Standards, Second Edition. Geography Teacher, 9(2), 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338341.2012.679889
  • Ishikawa, T. (2016). Spatial thinking in geographic information science: Students’ geospatial conceptions, map-based reasoning, and spatial visualization ability. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 106(1), 76–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1064342
  • Jackson, P. (2006). Thinking Geographically. Geographical Association, 91(3), 199–204.
  • Jia, P., Xue, H., Yin, L., Stein, A., Wang, M., & Wang, Y. (2019). Spatial Technologies in Obesity Research: Current Applications and Future Promise. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, 30(3), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2018.12.003
  • Jo, I., Hong, J. E., & Verma, K. (2016). Facilitating spatial thinking in world geography using Web-based GIS. Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 40(3), 442–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2016.1150439
  • King, M. J., Katz, D. P., Thompson, L. A., & Macnamara, B. N. (2019). Genetic and environmental influences on spatial reasoning: A meta-analysis of twin studies. Intelligence, 73(December 2018), 65–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2019.01.001
  • Lauer, J. E., Yhang, E., & Lourenco, S. F. (2019). The development of gender differences in spatial reasoning: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 145(6), 537–565. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000191
  • Linn, M. C., & Petersen, A. C. (1985). Emergence and characterization of sex differences in spatial ability: A meta-analysis. Child Development, 56(6), 1479–1498. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1985.tb00213.x
  • Marsh, M., & Alagona, P. S. (2018). Barron’s AP Human Geography with Online Tests. Barrons Educational Series.
  • Metoyer, S., & Bednarz, R. (2016). Spatial Thinking Assists Geographic Thinking: Evidence from a Study Exploring the Effects of Geospatial Technology Spatial Thinking Assists Geographic Thinking: Evidence from a Study Exploring the Effects of Geospatial Technology. Journal of Geography, 1341(May). https://doi.org/10.1080/00221341.2016.1175495
  • Montello, D. R., Lovelace, K. L., Golledge, R. G., & Self, C. M. (1999). Sex-related differences and similarities in geographic and environmental spatial abilities. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 89(3), 515–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/0004-5608.00160
  • Moorman, L. A., & Crichton, S. (2018). Learner Requirements and Geospatial Literacy Challenges for Making Meaning with Google Earth. International Journal of Geospatial and Environment Research, 5(3).
  • Mosharraf, H. M., & Tabaeian, S. M. (2014). The importance of environmental psychology in design of educational spaces. Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(22), 766–771.
  • Muffato, V., & Meneghetti, C. (2020). Knowledge of familiar environments: Assessing modalities and individual visuo-spatial factors. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 67(January). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2020.101387
  • National Research Council. (2006). Learning to Think Spatially. In National Research Council. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.1089/1076280041138243
  • Newcombe, N., Bandura, M. M., & Taylor, D. G. (1983). Sex differences in spatial ability and spatial activities. Sex Roles, 9(3), 377–386. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00289672
  • Newcombe, N. S. (2016). Thinking spatially in the science classroom. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 10, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2016.04.010
  • Patterson, T. C. (2007). Google earth as a (not just) geography education tool. Journal of Geography, 106(4), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221340701678032
  • Reilly, D., & Neumann, D. L. (2013). Gender-Role Differences in Spatial Ability: A Meta-Analytic Review. Sex Roles, 68(9–10), 521–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-013-0269-0
  • Reilly, David & Neumann, David L. (2016). Visual-spatial ability in STEM education: Transforming research into practice. In Visual-spatial Ability in STEM Education: Transforming Research into Practice. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44385-0
  • Sanchis-Segura, C., Aguirre, N., Cruz-Gómez, Á. J., Solozano, N., & Forn, C. (2018). Do gender-related stereotypes affect spatial performance? Exploring when, how and to whom using a chronometric two-choice mental rotation task. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01261
  • Schultz, R. B., Kerski, J. J., & Patterson, T. C. (2008). The use of virtual globes as a spatial teaching tool with suggestions for metadata standards. Journal of Geography, 107(1), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221340802049844
  • Seyhan, A. (2019). Out-of-School Learning to Achieve the Spatial Perception Skills: A Case Study. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 9(3), 618–638. https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.601734
  • Sinton, D. S. (2015). Spatial thinking and GIS. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 1557, 29–35.
  • Solari, O. M., Demirci, A., & Van der Schee, J. (2015). Geospatial Technologies and Geography Education in a Changing World: Geospatial Practices and Lessons Learned. Tokyo: Springer.
  • Sumarmi, Bachri, S., Irawan, L. Y., Putra, D. B. P., Risnani, & Aliman, M. (2020). The effect of experiential learning models on high school students learning scores and disaster countermeasures education abilities. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(1), 61–85. https://doi.org/10.17478/jegys.635632
  • Uhlenwinkel, A. (2013). Spatial Thinking or Thinking Geographically? On the Importance of Avoiding Maps without Meaning. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1553/giscience2013s294.
  • Urfan, F. (2017). Pengaruh Lingkungan Sekolah Terhadap Kecerdasan Spasial Peserta Didik Melalui Affordance Dan Geo-Literacy Menggunakan Analisis Jalur (Studi Kasus SMA Negeri di Kota Bandung dan Kabupaten Bandung). Jurnal Geografi Gea, 16(2), 105. https://doi.org/10.17509/gea.v16i2.3281
  • Xiang, X., & Liu, Y. (2017). Understanding ‘change’ through spatial thinking using Google Earth in secondary geography. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 33(1), 65–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12166
  • Yang, J. C., & Chen, S. Y. (2010). Effects of gender differences and spatial abilities within a digital pentominoes game. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1220–1233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.05.019
  • Yilmaz, B., & Yilmaz, H. B. (2017). On the development and measurement of spatial ability. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 1(2), 83–96.
  • Yilmaz, H. (2009). On the development and measurement of spatial ability. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 1.
Toplam 48 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Purwanto Purwanto 0000-0001-5434-4528

Sugeng Utaya 0000-0003-3239-5273

Budi Handoyo 0000-0001-7352-2932

Syamsul Bachrı 0000-0003-4576-5616

Daniar Yulistiya 0000-0002-9612-5531

Saiful Amin 0000-0001-5408-2898

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 11 Şubat 2021
Kabul Tarihi 30 Nisan 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Purwanto, P., Utaya, S., Handoyo, B., Bachrı, S., vd. (2021). The Spatial Thinking Ability Students on the Character of Urban and Rural Environments in Solving Population Problems. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.877708
AMA Purwanto P, Utaya S, Handoyo B, Bachrı S, Yulistiya D, Amin S. The Spatial Thinking Ability Students on the Character of Urban and Rural Environments in Solving Population Problems. Review of International Geographical Education Online. Ağustos 2021;11(3). doi:10.33403/rigeo.877708
Chicago Purwanto, Purwanto, Sugeng Utaya, Budi Handoyo, Syamsul Bachrı, Daniar Yulistiya, ve Saiful Amin. “The Spatial Thinking Ability Students on the Character of Urban and Rural Environments in Solving Population Problems”. Review of International Geographical Education Online 11, sy. 3 (Ağustos 2021). https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.877708.
EndNote Purwanto P, Utaya S, Handoyo B, Bachrı S, Yulistiya D, Amin S (01 Ağustos 2021) The Spatial Thinking Ability Students on the Character of Urban and Rural Environments in Solving Population Problems. Review of International Geographical Education Online 11 3
IEEE P. Purwanto, S. Utaya, B. Handoyo, S. Bachrı, D. Yulistiya, ve S. Amin, “The Spatial Thinking Ability Students on the Character of Urban and Rural Environments in Solving Population Problems”, Review of International Geographical Education Online, c. 11, sy. 3, 2021, doi: 10.33403/rigeo.877708.
ISNAD Purwanto, Purwanto vd. “The Spatial Thinking Ability Students on the Character of Urban and Rural Environments in Solving Population Problems”. Review of International Geographical Education Online 11/3 (Ağustos 2021). https://doi.org/10.33403/rigeo.877708.
JAMA Purwanto P, Utaya S, Handoyo B, Bachrı S, Yulistiya D, Amin S. The Spatial Thinking Ability Students on the Character of Urban and Rural Environments in Solving Population Problems. Review of International Geographical Education Online. 2021;11. doi:10.33403/rigeo.877708.
MLA Purwanto, Purwanto vd. “The Spatial Thinking Ability Students on the Character of Urban and Rural Environments in Solving Population Problems”. Review of International Geographical Education Online, c. 11, sy. 3, 2021, doi:10.33403/rigeo.877708.
Vancouver Purwanto P, Utaya S, Handoyo B, Bachrı S, Yulistiya D, Amin S. The Spatial Thinking Ability Students on the Character of Urban and Rural Environments in Solving Population Problems. Review of International Geographical Education Online. 2021;11(3).