OBEZİTENİN DAVRANIŞ EKONOMİSİ

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 189 - 198, 31.07.2020

Banu Beyaz Sipahi

https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.731644

Cited By: 1

Öz

Çoğu insan yeme, fiziksel aktivite alışkanlıkları ile ilgili birçok seçim yapar. Bu bağlamda davranış ekonomisi ne yenir, ne zaman yenir, ne kadar aktitivete yapılır, ne yoğunlukta yapılır gibi kapsamlarda devreye girmektedir. Obezite teorik olarak kalori dengesizliğinin sonucunda, yani alınan kalorinin harcanan kalorinin üstünde olması durumudur. Bu nedenle obezite davranış ekonomisi için en uygun uygulama alanlarından biridir. Davranış ekonomisine göre obeziteyle mücadele için fiziksel aktivite ve gıda tüketim alışkanlıkları bireyin seçimine bırakılmamalı ve düzenli hale getirilmelidir. Çünkü bireylerin seçimlerinde çevre koşullarının ve yanlış seçim kararlarının etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Obezite bireylerin iradesizliğinin sonucunda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Doğru beslenme alışkanlığı ve düzenli fiziksel aktivite alışkanlığının kazanılması kaçınılmaz bir gereksinimdir. Bu çalışmada obezite daha çok bireysel bir sorun olduğu için ekonomik çerçevede bireylerin davranışlarını nasıl değiştirebilecekleri konusuna odaklanılmıştır. Özellikle bu çalışma obeziteyi kontrol altına almak ve bireylerin yaşam koşullarını iyileştirilmek için oluşturulacak müdahaleler ve politikalar açısından önemli olabilir ve yol gösterebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Obezite, Davranış Ekonomisi, Rasyonel Davranış, Gıda Tüketimi

Behavioral Economics of Obesity

Öz

Most people make many choices regarding eating, physical activity habits. In this context, the behavioral economy is stepped in scopes such as what to eat, when to eat, how much activity is done, at what intensity. Obesity is theoretically the result of calorie imbalance, that is, the calorie intake is above the expended calorie. Therefore, obesity is one of the most suitable application areas for behavioral economics. According to the behavioral economy, physical activity and food consumption habits should not be left to the individual's choice and should be organized for struggle to obesity. Because environmental conditions and wrong choice decisions should be considered to be effective in individuals' choices. Obesity arises as a result of inability. It is an inevitable requirement to acquire the right nutritional habits and regular physical activity habits. In this study, since obesity is individual problem, it is focused on how individuals can change their behavior in an economic framework. Especially, this study can be important and guide in terms of interventions and policies to be created for control obesity and improve the living conditions of individuals.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Obesity, Behavioral Economics, Rational Behavior, Food Consumption

Kaynakça

• Amarasinghe A., D’Souza G., Brown C., Oh H., Borisova T. (2009). The Influence of Socioeconomic and Environmental Determinants on Health and Obesity: A West Virginia Case Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 6, (2009), 2271-2287.
• Brunello G., Michaud P.C, Sanz-de-Galdeano A. (2009). The Rise of Obesity in Europe: An Economic Perspective. Economic Policy, CEPR, CES, MSH, Vol 24, 551-596.
• Crowle J., Turner E. (2010). Childhood Obesity: An Economic Perspective. Australian Government Productivity Commission Staff Working Paper, 1-222.
• Cutler, D.M., GlaeserE.L., Shapiro J.M. (2003). Why have Americans Become More Obese?. Journal of Economic Perspective, 17(3), 93-118.
• Drewnowski A., Darmon N. (2005). The Economics of Obesity: Dietary Energy Density and Energy Cost. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol 82, 265-273.
• Faulkner G. E. J, Grootendorst P., Nguyen V. H., Windmeijer F. (2011). Economic Instruments for Obesity Prevention: Results of a Scoping Review and Modified Delphi Survey. IInternational Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(109),1-14.
• Just D.R., Payne C.R. (2009). Obesity: Can Behavioral Economics Help? Annual Behavioral Medicine, 38(1), 47-55.
• Lakdawalla, D. and Philipson, T. (2002). The Growth of Obesity and Technological Change: A Theoretical and Empirical Examination. National Bureau of Economic Research, INC, NBER Working Papers 8946, 1-34.
• Lakdawalla D., Philipson T., Bhattacharya J. (2005). Welfare-Enhancing Technological Change and the Growth of Obesity. American Economic Review, American Association, Vol 95(2), 253-257.
• Mann S. (2006). Framing Obesity in Economic Theory and Policy. Contributed Paper Prepared for the Presentation at the International Association of Agricultural Economists Conference, Australia,1-19.
• Marlow M.L., Abdukadirov S. (2012). Can Behavioral Economics Combat Obesity? Health and Medicine, 14-18.
• Norton E.C., Han E. (2008). Genetic Information, Obesity and Labor Market Outcomes. Health Economics, Vol.17, 1089-1104. OFT, 2010
• Öztopçu. A. (2019). Davranış ve Ekonomik KararVerme İlişkisi. Ekonomi, İşletme ve Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt 1, No:4, 364-376.
• Philipson, T., Posner, R.A. (1999). The Long Run Growth in Obesity as A Function of Technological Change. John M. Olin Law & Economics Working Paper No. 78, 1-33.
• Philipson, T. (2001). The World-Wide Growth in Obesity: an Economic Research Agenda. Health Economics, 10(1), 1-7.
• Philipson T., Posner R. (2008). Is The Obesity Epidemic a Public Health Problem? A Decade of Research on the Economics of Obesity”, Working Paper 14010, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, (2008), 1-15.
• Sassi F. (2010). Obesity and Economics of Prevention. OECD Report, 1-270, (www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda).
• Speakman J.R., Walker H., Jackson D.M. (2005). Associations between BMI, Social Strata and the Estimated Energy Content of Foods. International Journal of Obesity, Vol. 29, No. 10, 1281-1288.
• Tomer J.F. (2010). What Causes Obesity? and Why has It Grown so Much? An Alternative View. Research Paper for Max Planck Institute for Economics in Jena, Germany, 1-38.
• Witkowski T.H. (2007). Food Marketing and Obesity in Developing Countries: Analysis, Ethics and Public Policy. Journal of Macromarketing, Vol.27, No.2, 126-137.