Determination of Rice’s Phenological Structure with Sentinel-2 Images: Case Study of Ipsala

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 , 1 - 18 , 26.03.2026

Aleyna Şimşek , Esra Tunç Görmüş

https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.1603128

https://izlik.org/JA52TW87YX

Öz

This study was conducted to predict the phenological stages (planting and harvest dates) of rice fields within the boundaries of the İpsala district in Edirne province. The research was carried out by analyzing a total of 36 Sentinel-2 satellite images from the years 2020, 2021, and 2022 using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and the Time Series Decomposition and Analysis (DATimeS) software, which is a MATLAB-based add-on. Within the scope of the study, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Leaf Area Index (LAI) were calculated, and interpolation and phenological evaluation methods were applied to the data. The Gauss Process Regression (GPR) method was used in the interpolation phase to predict phenological stages. According to the phenological analysis results, the sowing and harvest dates were found to be consistent with the control data provided by the Trakya Agricultural Research Institute. The LAI index estimated the sowing and harvest dates on average 15 ± 3 days earlier and 10 ± 5 days later, respectively, yielding the highest accuracy. Consequently, the LAI index derived from Sentinel-2 data was determined to be more reliable than other indices for monitoring rice phenology. This study presents an effective methodological approach for phenological stage analysis in rice cultivation, demonstrating that the integration of GPR and DATimeS ensures high accuracy in remote sensing-based analyses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rice , Phenological features , Temporal series analysis , Sentinel 2

Sentinel-2 Görüntüleriyle Çeltiğin Fenolojik Yapısının Belirlenmesi: İpsala Örneği

https://izlik.org/JA52TW87YX

Öz

Bu çalışma, Edirne ili İpsala ilçesi sınırları içindeki çeltik tarlasının fenolojik evrelerinin (ekim ve hasat tarihleri) tahminine yönelik olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma, Google Earth Engine (GEE) platformu ve MATLAB eklentisi bir yazılım aracı olan Zaman Serilerinin Ayrıştırılması ve Analizi (DATimeS) kullanılarak, 2020, 2021 ve 2022 yıllarına ait toplam 36 adet Sentinel-2 uydu görüntüsünün analiz edilmesiyle yürütülmüştür. Çalışma kapsamında, Normalleştirilmiş Fark Bitki Örtüsü İndeksi (NDVI), Geliştirilmiş Bitki Örtüsü İndeksi (EVI) ve Yaprak Alanı İndeksi (LAI) hesaplanmış ve bu veriler üzerinde enterpolasyon ile fenolojik değerlendirme yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Enterpolasyon aşamasında Gauss Süreç Regresyonu (GPR) yöntemi kullanılarak fenolojik evreler tahmin edilmiştir. Fenolojik analiz sonuçlarına göre ekim ve hasat tarihleri, Trakya Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü kontrol verileriyle uyumlu bulunmuş; LAI indeksi, ekim ve hasat tarihlerini sırasıyla ortalama 15 ±3 gün erken ve 10 ±5 gün geç tahmin ederek en yüksek doğruluğu vermiştir. Sonuç olarak, Sentinel-2 verilerinden türetilen LAI indeksinin çeltik fenolojisinin izlenmesinde diğer indekslere kıyasla daha güvenilir olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, çeltik tarımına yönelik fenolojik evre analizlerinde etkili bir metodolojik yaklaşım sunarak, GPR ve DATimeS entegrasyonunun uzaktan algılama tabanlı analizlerde yüksek doğruluk sağladığını göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Pirinç , Çeltik , Fenolojik özellikler , Zamansal seri analizi , Sentinel-2

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