Assessing Burned Area and Severity in Mediterranean Forests Using Bi-Temporal Sentinel-2 and CORINE Data: The Manavgat 2021 Wildfire Case

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 145 - 165, 26.03.2026

Melih Altay , Mustafa Türker

https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.1775666

https://izlik.org/JA77ZT26DB

Öz

In this study, burned forest areas were identified using bi-temporal Sentinel-2 imagery acquired before and after the fire, through the application of spectral indices such as the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Specifically, the forest fire that occurred in the Manavgat district of Antalya Province, Türkiye, on July 27, 2021, was analyzed based on NBR and NDVI values derived from Sentinel-2 satellite data. The Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) variants NBR1 and NBR2, and NDVI indexes were evaluated comparatively. To reduce confusion between agricultural areas and burnt forest regions we excluded agricultural fields from processing through using the CORINE land cover database. The achieved results showed that the NDVI-based detection provided the highest overall accuracy (OA) of 97.1% and a Kappa of 0.950, while NBR2 and NBR1 resulted in OA values of 96.8% and 96.3%, respectively. The high NDVI performance is primarily attributed to the mixed forest–cropland mosaic structure of the study area, which enhances spectral contrast between burned and unburned surfaces. Masking agricultural areas with the existing CORINE database reduced the false positives and hence improved detection reliability for all indexes. The results demonstrated that the used methodology has high effectiveness in quantitatively mapping fire damages and supporting rehabilitation planning. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Forest fire , Sentinel-2 , Bi-temporal analysis , Spectral indices

Akdeniz Ormanlarında Yanık Alan ve Şiddetinin Bi-Temporal Sentinel-2 ve CORINE Verileri Kullanılarak Değerlendirilmesi: Manavgat 2021 Orman Yangını Örneği

https://izlik.org/JA77ZT26DB

Öz

Bu çalışmada yanmış orman alanları, yangın öncesinde ve sonrasında toplanan iki zamanlı Sentinel-2 uydu görüntülerini kullanarak, Normalize Yanma Oranı (NBR) ve Normalize Fark Bitki Örtüsü Endeksi (NDVI) gibi spektral indeksler kullanılarak tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle, 27 Temmuz 2021 tarihinde Türkiye'nin Antalya ilinin Manavgat ilçesinde meydana gelen orman yangını, Sentinel-2 uydu verilerinden elde edilen NBR ve NDVI değerleri temelinde analiz edildi. Normalleştirilmiş Yanma Oranı (NBR) varyantları NBR1 ve NBR2 ile NDVI indeksleri karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Tarımsal alanlar ile yanmış orman bölgeleri arasındaki karışıklığı azaltmak için, CORINE arazi örtüsü veritabanını kullanarak tarımsal alanları işlemden hariç tuttuk. Elde edilen sonuçlar, NDVI tabanlı algılamanın 97,1% ile en yüksek genel doğruluk (OA) ve 0,950 Kappa değeri sağladığını, NBR2 ve NBR1'in ise sırasıyla 96,8% ve 96,3% OA değerleri sağladığını göstermiştir. NDVI'nın yüksek performansı, öncelikle çalışma alanının karışık orman-tarım arazisi mozaik yapısına atfedilebilir; bu yapı, yanmış ve yanmamış yüzeyler arasındaki spektral kontrastı artırmaktadır. Mevcut CORINE veritabanı ile tarım alanlarının maskelenmesi, yanlış pozitifleri azaltmış ve dolayısıyla tüm endeksler için algılama güvenilirliğini artırmıştır. Sonuçlar, kullanılan metodolojinin yangın hasarlarını nicel olarak haritalandırmada ve rehabilitasyon planlamasını desteklemede yüksek etkinliğe sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orman yangını , Sentinel-2 , İki zamanlı analiz , Spektral indeks

Kaynakça

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