Harita Kullanıcılarının Davranışlarının Göz İzleme, Elektroensefalogram ve Dijital Taslak Haritalar Yardımıyla İncelenmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 21 - 31, 13.03.2021

Merve Keskin Ahmet Özgür Doğru Kristien Ooms Philippe De Maeyer

https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.844770

Öz

Bu çalışma, uzman ve uzman olmayan harita kullanıcılarının mekânsal bellek yeteneklerini incelemeye yönelik kullanıcı deneylerinin tasarım süreçlerine odaklanmıştır. Deneylerde, farklı harita kullanıcı gruplarının haritaların içeriğini hatırlamaları istendiğinde geliştirdikleri dikkate bağlı bilişsel stratejilerini açığa çıkarmada kullanılan bilişsel yük; taslak haritalar, göz izleme ve elektroensefalogram (EEG) gibi farklı yöntemlerden yararlanılarak ölçülmüştür. Birinci deneyde kullanıcılardan, basitleştirilmiş bir 2B topografik haritanın ana yollar, yerleşim, su ve yeşil alanlar gibi temel yapı elemanlarını, zaman kısıtlaması olmaksızın, ezberleyerek hatırladıklarını serbest elle çizmeleri istenmiştir. Görev sırasında kullanıcıda açığa çıkan bilişsel yük, çizilen taslak haritaların analizinin yanı sıra, sabitleme ve ilgi alanı (AoI) tabanlı göz izleme ve ortalama alfa gücü ve frontal alfa asimetrisi (FAA) gibi EEG metriklerine bağlı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Karmaşık yapıda tasarlanan ve farklı zorluk seviyelerini içeren ikinci deneyde, çoktan seçmeli grafikler kullanılmış ve denemelerde zaman kısıtlaması uygulanmıştır. Sonuçların değerlendirilmesi aşamasında, ilk deneyden farklı olarak, bilişsel yük tespiti için EEG güç spektral yoğunluk değişimlerinden yararlanılmış; pariyetal alandaki alfa ve frontal alandaki teta frekanslarının olaya bağlı (de)senkronizasyonları dikkate alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

EEG, Göz İzleme, Taslak harita, Bilişsel kartografya

Investigation of Map Users' Behaviors Using Eye Tracking, Electroencephalogram and Digital Sketch Maps

Öz

This study focused on the design processes of user experiments conducted to examine the spatial memory abilities, differences and similarities of expert and novice map users. In the experiments, different map user groups were asked to remember the content of maps with uniform or various levels of detail. The cognitive load of the participants that reveals their cognitive strategies depending on the attention they developed was measured using different methods such as sketch maps, eye tracking and electroencephalogram (EEG). In the first experiment, the users were asked to memorize the main structuring elements of a simplified 2D topographic map such as major roads, settlements, green areas and waterbodies without any time limitation, and in the next step, to draw what they remember with free hand. Next to the digital sketch map evaluation, cognitive load was assessed based on the fixation and AoI-based (area of interest) eye tracking metrics, together with EEG mean alpha power and frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA). The second experiment was designed in a more complex structure and included different difficulty levels and multiple-choice graphical options instead of hand-drawn sketch maps. Different from the first experiment, event-related (de)synchronization of alpha for parietal region and theta for frontal region were considered for evaluating the cognitive load through the calculations of EEG power spectral density changes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

EEG, Eye tracking, Sketch map, Cognitive cartography

Kaynakça

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