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Açık Veri ve Türkiye’deki Durumu

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 12 - 31, 26.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.1601908

Öz

Açık veri nedir? sorusu, özellikle veri paylaşım ortamını henüz sağlıklı bir şekilde hayata geçirememiş Türkiye gibi ülkelerde önemini halen korumaktadır. Bu çalışmada, özellikle konumsal verilerin, açık veri olarak nasıl paylaşılması gerektiği konusuna odaklanılmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında bir verinin açık veri olarak kabul edilmesi için sağlaması gereken koşullar net bir şekilde ifade edilmektedir. Ülkemizde yapılan açık veri çalışmaları teknik yönden incelenmiş ve tespit edilen eksiklikler ifade edilmiştir. Açık veriye geçiş yapacak tüm kurum ve kuruluşların, açık veriye geçiş sürecini sağlıklı bir şekilde yönetebilmesi için açık veri yol haritası, bu çalışma kapsamında yayınlanmıştır. Bu yol haritası, açık veri ekosisteminin oluşturulması bakımından tüm gereksinimleri kapsayıcı bir şekilde hazırlanmıştır. Açık veri konusundaki teknik çalışmaların yanı sıra açık veri çalışmalarını bağlayacak kanuni altyapı incelenmiş ve ülkemizde açık veri yaklaşımının net bir şekilde anlaşılamadığı görülmektedir. Özellikle, konumsal verinin üretimi, paylaşılması konusunda yayınlanan kanun ve yönetmeliklerdeki engelleyici hükümlerin acil bir şekilde yürürlükten kaldırılması gerekmektedir. Konumsal verilerin serbest bir şekilde dağıtımını engelleyecek hükümler, ülkemizde hayata geçirilecek açık veri altyapılarının, yetersiz bir seviyede kalmasına sebep olmaktadır. Hızlı bir şekilde, açık veri yaklaşımının önünü açacak kanuni düzenlemelerin yapılması ve bunu takiben destekleyici kanun ve yönetmeliklerin oluşturulması gerekmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Akıncı, H. (2006). Konumsal veri altyapılarının Web servisleri ile gerçekleştirilmesi: Mevcut durum analizi ve gelecek yönelimlerinin belirlenmesi [Doktora tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi]. Ulusal Tez Merkezi. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Apanasevic, T. (2021, June 21–23). Socio-economic effects and the value of open data: A case from Sweden [Conference presentation]. 23rd Biennial Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS), Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • Berners-Lee, T. (2012, 9 Kasım). Raw data, now. Wired UK. https://www.wired.co.uk/article/raw-data
  • Chignard, S. (2013, March 29). A brief history of open data. https://www.paristechreview.com/2013/03/29/brief-history-open-data/
  • Corrales-Garay, D., Ortiz de Urbina Criado, M., & Mora-Valentín, E.-M. (2020). A research agenda on open data impact process for open innovation. IEEE Access, 8, 34696–34705. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2974378
  • Cömert, Ç. (1998). Ulusal konumsal veri altyapısı üzerine. TMMOB HKMO Bülteni, Temmuz 1998, 84–86.
  • Cömert, Ç. (2004, July 12–23). Web services and national spatial data infrastructures [Conference presentation]. XXth ISPRS Congress, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Cömert, Ç., & Banger, G. (1996, 26–28 Eylül). Ulusal konumsal veri altyapısı [Bildiri sunumu]. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Sempozyumu, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Creative Commons. (2013a). CC0. “No Rights Reserved”. https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/
  • Creative Commons. (2013b). CC BY 4.0 Attribution 4.0 International. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  • Creative Commons. (2013c). Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • Data.gov. (2014). DCAT-US Schema v1.1 (Project Open Data Metadata Schema). https://resources.data.gov/resources/ dcat-us/
  • Dawes, S., Vidiasova, L., & Parkhimovich, O. (2016). Planning and designing open government data programs: An ecosystem approach. Government Information Quarterly, 33(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.01.003
  • Eckartz, S., van den Broek, T., & Ooms, M. (2016). Open data innovation capabilities: Towards a framework of how to innovate with open data. In H. J. Scholl, O. Glassey, M. Janssen, B. Klievink, I. Lindgren, P. Parycek, E. Tambouris, M. A. Wimmer, T. Janowski, & D. Sá Soares (Eds.), Electronic Government (pp.47–60). Springer, Cham.
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  • European Union. (2021). Open Data in Europe 2021. https://data.europa.eu/en/publications/open-data-maturity/2021
  • European Union. (2022a). Open Data in Europe 2022. https://data.europa.eu/en/publications/open-data-maturity/2022
  • European Union. (2022b, November 22). High-value datasets – an overview through visualisation. https://data.europa.eu/en/publications/datastories/high-value-datasets-overview-through-visualisation
  • Foulonneau, M., Martin, S., & Turki, S. (2014). How open data are turned into services? In M. Snene, & M. Leonard (Eds.), Exploring Services Science, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (Vol. 169, pp. 31–39). Springer International Publishing.
  • Goodey, G., Hahnel, M., Zhou, Y., Jiang, L., Chandramouliswaran, I., Hafez, A., Paine, T., Gregurick, S., Simango, S., Peña, J., Murray, H., Cannon, M., Grant, R., McKellar, K., & Day, L. (2022). The State of Open Data 2022: The longest-running longitudinal survey and analysis on open data. Digital Science Report. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21276984.v5
  • Günaydaş, M., & Güney, C. (2019). Mekansal veri altyapılarında paradigma değişimi: açık veri ekosisteminde mekansal bağlantılı veri altyapıları. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 19, 369–389.
  • Hansson, K., Ekenberg, L., & Belkacem, K. (2014). Open government and democracy: a research review. Social Science Computer Review, 33(5), 540–555. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314560847
  • Harrison, T., Pardo, T., & Cook, M. (2012). Creating open government ecosystems: A research and development agenda. Future Internet, 4(4), 900–928. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi4040900
  • Hollyer, J. R., Rosendorff, B. P., & Vreeland, J. R. (2011). Democracy and transparency. The Journal of Politics, 73(4), 1191–1205. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022381611000880
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  • Jetzek, T. (2016). Managing complexity across multiple dimensions of liquid open data: The case of the Danish Basic Data Program. Government Information Quarterly, 33(1), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.11.003
  • Jetzek, T., Avital, M., & Bjorn-Andersen, N. (2014). Data-driven innovation through open government data. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 9(2), 100–120.
  • Judie, A., Fabrizio, O., Simon, S., & Sören, A. (2015). A systematic review of open government data initiatives. Government Information Quarterly, 32(4), 399–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.07.006
  • Kalampokis, E., Hausenblas, M., & Tarabanis, K. A. (2011). Combining social and government open data for participatory decision-making. In E. Tambouris, A. Macintosh, & H. de Bruijn (Eds.), Electronic Participation (pp. 36–47). Springer.
  • Kawashita, I., Baptista, A. A., & Soares, D. (2020). An assessment of open government data benchmark instruments. https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2797/paper2.pdf
  • Krishnamurthy, R., & Awazu, Y. (2016). Liberating data for public value: The case of Data.Gov. International Journal of Information Management, 36(4), 668–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.03.002
  • Lokers, R., Berdou, E., Miguel Ayala, L., & Mey, L. (2019). Guidelines for analysing pathways to impact: Evaluation of open data for development. F1000Research. https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1117778.1
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  • Meijer, A. J., Curtin, D., & Hillebrandt, M. (2012). Open government: Connecting vision and voice. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 78(1), 10–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852311429533
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Open Data and the Status in Türkiye

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 12 - 31, 26.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.1601908

Öz

The question of what is open data? is still important, especially in countries like Türkiye that have not yet implemented a healthy data sharing environment. This study focuses on how spatial data should be shared as open data. At this study, open data rules are clearly stated. Open data studies in our country have been technically examined and the identified deficiencies have been stated. An open data roadmap has been created so that all institutions and organizations that will transition to open data can manage the open data transition process in a healthy way. This roadmap has been prepared in a way that covers all the requirements for the creation of an open data ecosystem. Beyond the technical studies on open data, the legal infrastructure that will affect open data studies has been examined and it has been seen that the open data approach is not clearly understood in our country. In particular, the prohibitive provisions in the laws and regulations published on the production and sharing of spatial data must be urgently repealed. These provisions cause the open data infrastructures to be implemented in our country to remain at an inadequate level. It is necessary to quickly make legal arrangements that will pave the way for the open data and then create supporting laws and regulations.

Kaynakça

  • Akıncı, H. (2006). Konumsal veri altyapılarının Web servisleri ile gerçekleştirilmesi: Mevcut durum analizi ve gelecek yönelimlerinin belirlenmesi [Doktora tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi]. Ulusal Tez Merkezi. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Apanasevic, T. (2021, June 21–23). Socio-economic effects and the value of open data: A case from Sweden [Conference presentation]. 23rd Biennial Conference of the International Telecommunications Society (ITS), Gothenburg, Sweden.
  • Berners-Lee, T. (2012, 9 Kasım). Raw data, now. Wired UK. https://www.wired.co.uk/article/raw-data
  • Chignard, S. (2013, March 29). A brief history of open data. https://www.paristechreview.com/2013/03/29/brief-history-open-data/
  • Corrales-Garay, D., Ortiz de Urbina Criado, M., & Mora-Valentín, E.-M. (2020). A research agenda on open data impact process for open innovation. IEEE Access, 8, 34696–34705. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2974378
  • Cömert, Ç. (1998). Ulusal konumsal veri altyapısı üzerine. TMMOB HKMO Bülteni, Temmuz 1998, 84–86.
  • Cömert, Ç. (2004, July 12–23). Web services and national spatial data infrastructures [Conference presentation]. XXth ISPRS Congress, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Cömert, Ç., & Banger, G. (1996, 26–28 Eylül). Ulusal konumsal veri altyapısı [Bildiri sunumu]. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Sempozyumu, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Creative Commons. (2013a). CC0. “No Rights Reserved”. https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/
  • Creative Commons. (2013b). CC BY 4.0 Attribution 4.0 International. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
  • Creative Commons. (2013c). Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-sa/4.0/
  • Data.gov. (2014). DCAT-US Schema v1.1 (Project Open Data Metadata Schema). https://resources.data.gov/resources/ dcat-us/
  • Dawes, S., Vidiasova, L., & Parkhimovich, O. (2016). Planning and designing open government data programs: An ecosystem approach. Government Information Quarterly, 33(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.01.003
  • Eckartz, S., van den Broek, T., & Ooms, M. (2016). Open data innovation capabilities: Towards a framework of how to innovate with open data. In H. J. Scholl, O. Glassey, M. Janssen, B. Klievink, I. Lindgren, P. Parycek, E. Tambouris, M. A. Wimmer, T. Janowski, & D. Sá Soares (Eds.), Electronic Government (pp.47–60). Springer, Cham.
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  • European Union. (2022b, November 22). High-value datasets – an overview through visualisation. https://data.europa.eu/en/publications/datastories/high-value-datasets-overview-through-visualisation
  • Foulonneau, M., Martin, S., & Turki, S. (2014). How open data are turned into services? In M. Snene, & M. Leonard (Eds.), Exploring Services Science, Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing (Vol. 169, pp. 31–39). Springer International Publishing.
  • Goodey, G., Hahnel, M., Zhou, Y., Jiang, L., Chandramouliswaran, I., Hafez, A., Paine, T., Gregurick, S., Simango, S., Peña, J., Murray, H., Cannon, M., Grant, R., McKellar, K., & Day, L. (2022). The State of Open Data 2022: The longest-running longitudinal survey and analysis on open data. Digital Science Report. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21276984.v5
  • Günaydaş, M., & Güney, C. (2019). Mekansal veri altyapılarında paradigma değişimi: açık veri ekosisteminde mekansal bağlantılı veri altyapıları. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 19, 369–389.
  • Hansson, K., Ekenberg, L., & Belkacem, K. (2014). Open government and democracy: a research review. Social Science Computer Review, 33(5), 540–555. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314560847
  • Harrison, T., Pardo, T., & Cook, M. (2012). Creating open government ecosystems: A research and development agenda. Future Internet, 4(4), 900–928. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi4040900
  • Hollyer, J. R., Rosendorff, B. P., & Vreeland, J. R. (2011). Democracy and transparency. The Journal of Politics, 73(4), 1191–1205. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022381611000880
  • International Finance Corporation. (2020). İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi Açık Veri Stratejisi. https://acikveri.bizizmir.com/tr/Document/Izmir_Acik_Veri_Stratejisi.pdf
  • Jetzek, T. (2016). Managing complexity across multiple dimensions of liquid open data: The case of the Danish Basic Data Program. Government Information Quarterly, 33(1), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.11.003
  • Jetzek, T., Avital, M., & Bjorn-Andersen, N. (2014). Data-driven innovation through open government data. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 9(2), 100–120.
  • Judie, A., Fabrizio, O., Simon, S., & Sören, A. (2015). A systematic review of open government data initiatives. Government Information Quarterly, 32(4), 399–418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2015.07.006
  • Kalampokis, E., Hausenblas, M., & Tarabanis, K. A. (2011). Combining social and government open data for participatory decision-making. In E. Tambouris, A. Macintosh, & H. de Bruijn (Eds.), Electronic Participation (pp. 36–47). Springer.
  • Kawashita, I., Baptista, A. A., & Soares, D. (2020). An assessment of open government data benchmark instruments. https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2797/paper2.pdf
  • Krishnamurthy, R., & Awazu, Y. (2016). Liberating data for public value: The case of Data.Gov. International Journal of Information Management, 36(4), 668–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2016.03.002
  • Lokers, R., Berdou, E., Miguel Ayala, L., & Mey, L. (2019). Guidelines for analysing pathways to impact: Evaluation of open data for development. F1000Research. https://doi.org/10.7490/f1000research.1117778.1
  • Manyika, J., Chui, M., Farrell, D., Kuiken, S. V., Groves, P., & Doshi, E. A. (2013). Open data: Unlocking innovation and performance with liquid information. McKinsey Digital.
  • Meijer, A. J., Curtin, D., & Hillebrandt, M. (2012). Open government: Connecting vision and voice. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 78(1), 10–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852311429533
  • Mutuku, L. N., & Colaco, J. (2012, October 22-25). Increasing Kenyan open data consumption: A design thinking approach [Conference presentation]. 6th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance, New York, USA.
  • National Research Council. (1995). Finding the forest in the trees: The challenge of combining diverse environmental data. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19950019942/downloads/19950019942.pdf
  • Nayek, J. K. (2018). Evaluation of open data government sites: A comparative study. Library Philosophy & Practice e-journal), 1781, 1–23.
  • Obama, B. (2009). Memorandum on transparency and open government. The White House. https://www.whitehouse.gov
  • Ooijen, C., Osimo, D., & Regeczi, D. (2023). Rethinking the impact of open data: A first step towards a European impact assessment for open data. Publications Office of the European Union. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2830/911822
  • Open Data Barometer. (2025, Ocak 7). Açık veri etki analizi. https://opendatabarometer.org/2ndEdition/analysis/ impact.html
  • Open Data Commons. (2008). Public Domain Dedication & License 1.0. https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/pddl/1-0/
  • Open Government Working Group. (2007, 22 Ekim). Open Government Working Group Meeting in Sebastopol, CA. https://public.resource.org/open_government_meeting.html
  • Open Knowledge Foundation. (2009a). Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-By) v1.0. https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/by/1-0/
  • Open Knowledge Foundation. (2009b). Open Data Commons Open Database License (ODbL) v1.0. https://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1-0/
  • Open Knowledge Foundation. (2012). Open Data Handbook: What is open data? https://opendatahandbook.org/guide/ en/what-is-open-data/
  • Quarati, A., De Monica, S., & Rosim, S. (2021). Geospatial open data usage and metadata quality. International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10010030
  • Shaharudin, A. A. A. (2020). Open government data: Principles, benefits and evaluations. Khazanah Research Institute.
  • Susha, I., Zuiderwijk, A., Janssen, M., & Grönlund, A. (2015). Benchmarks for evaluating the progress of open data adoption: Usage, limitations, and lessons learned. Social Science Computer Review, 33(5), 613–630. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439314560852
  • T.C. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı. (2019). 2020-2023 Ulusal Akıllı Şehirler Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı. https://www.akillisehirler.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/EylemPlani.pdf
  • T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı. (2015). 2015-2018 Bilgi Toplumu Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı. https://abdigm.meb.gov.tr/projeler/ ois/004.pdf
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete. (2019). Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Hakkında Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamesi (Resmi Gazete Tarih: 07.11.2019, Sayı: 30941). https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/cbs/icerikler/19.5.49-20240328153642.pdf
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete. (2020a). Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ile Bazı Kanunlarda Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun (Resmi Gazete Tarih: 20.02.2020, Sayı: 31045). https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/02/20200220-1.htm
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete. (2020b). Türkiye Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi Kurul Kararı (Resmi Gazete Tarih: 30.06.2020, Sayı: 31171) https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/06/20200630-14.pdf
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete. (2021a). Coğrafi Veri Lisans Yönetmeliği (Resmi Gazete Tarih: 10.02.2021, Sayı: 31391). https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=38319&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • T.C. Resmi Gazete. (2021b). Coğrafi Veri İzinleri Yönetmeliği (Resmi Gazete Tarih: 10.02.2021, Sayı: 31391). https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=38318&MevzuatTur=7&MevzuatTertip=5
  • T.C. Ulaştırma Denizcilik ve Haberleşme Bakanlığı. (2016). 2016-2019 Ulusal e-Devlet Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı. http://www.sp.gov.tr/upload/xSPTemelBelge/files/Swkoy+2016-2019-Ulusal-e-Devlet-Stratejisi-ve-Eylem-Plani.pdf
  • The Global Economy.com. (2023). Turkey: Percent of world GDP. https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Turkey/ gdp_share/
  • The National Archives. (2023, 7 Ocak). Open government licence for public sector information. https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/
  • The White House. (2013, May 9). Executive Order: Making open and machine-readable the new default for government information. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2013/05/09/executive-order-making-open-and-machine-readable-new-default-government-
  • Umbrich, J., Neumaier, S., & Polleres, A. (2015, August 24–26). Quality assessment and evolution of open data portals [Conference presentation]. 3rd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud, Rome, Italy.
  • Verhulst, S., & Young, A. (2017). Open data in developing economies: Toward building an evidence base on what works and how. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3141435
  • Wenige, L., Stadler, C., Martin, M., Figura, R., Sauter, R., & Frank, C. (2021). Open data and the status quo: A fine-grained evaluation framework for open data quality and an analysis of open data portals in Germany. ArXiv. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.09590
  • Wocken, M. (2022). The potential of open data for startups and companies. Founders Foundation. https://foundersfoundation.de/en/content-library/the-potential-of-open-data-for-startups-and-companies/
  • Yang, Z., & Kankanhalli, A. (2013). Innovation in government services: The case of open data. In Y. K. Dwivedi, H. Z. Henriksen, D. Wastell, & R. De (Eds.), Grand Successes and Failures in IT: Public and Private Sectors (pp. 644–651). Springer.
  • Yankova, M. (2016). Open data innovation? Open your data and see it happen. https://www.ontotext.com/blog/open-data-innovation/
  • Yıldırım, M. E. (2023). Konumsal veri sunumunda modern yaklaşım önerilerinin geliştirilmesi [Doktora tezi, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi]. Ulusal Tez Merkezi. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
  • Yıldırım, M. E. (2023, 22–23 Aralık). Sürdürülebilir kent yönetiminde açık verinin rolü [Bildiri sunumu]. 3. İzmir Kent Sempozyumu, İzmir, Türkiye.
  • Zuiderwijk, A., Janssen, M., Choenni, S., Meijer, R., & Sheikh_Alibaks, R. (2012). Socio-technical impediments of open data. Electronic Journal of e-Government, 10, 156–172.
Toplam 68 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ve Mekansal Veri Modelleme
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Muhammet Emre Yıldırım 0009-0005-0503-6330

Çetin Cömert 0000-0002-2019-6990

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 25 Mart 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 19 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, M. E., & Cömert, Ç. (2025). Açık Veri ve Türkiye’deki Durumu. Türk Uzaktan Algılama Ve CBS Dergisi, 6(1), 12-31. https://doi.org/10.48123/rsgis.1601908

Creative Commons License
Turkish Journal of Remote Sensing and GIS (Türk Uzaktan Algılama ve CBS Dergisi), Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License ile lisanlanmıştır.