Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Risk analysis study for wall washing test (WWT) applied to chemical cargo tanks.

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 172 - 186, 31.12.2023

Mehmet Kaptan

https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1362325
https://izlik.org/JA54KP43AY

Öz

High sensitivity must be shown during the transportation of chemical cargoes due to their flammability, toxicity, purity and incompatibility with each other. Therefore, one of the most crucial procedures in chemical tankers is cleaning the tanks of cargo residues and getting them ready for loading the cargo. Inspection of the tank's suitability for the loading is first performed by a wall wash test (WWT). Evaluation of the errors made during WWT application is essential to prevent cargo contamination with costly consequences. In this study, the risks associated with the application of WWT are analyzed using the Bayes technique in a fuzzy environment. The Bayesian network is used to detect hazards and calculate the probabilities of contributing sub-causes, while fuzzy logic is utilized to quantify the uncertainty in risk assessment. The paper provides practical contributions to all maritime stakeholders in assessing and preventing risks in WWT to the contamination problem, which is one of the most critical problems of chemical tanker transport.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wall washing test Chemical tanker Fuzzy bayesian networks Contamination

Kaynakça

  • Akyuz, E., and Çelik, M. (2015). A methodological extension to human reliability analysis for cargo tank cleaning operation on board chemical tanker ships. Safety Science, 75, 146-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.02.008
  • Ay, C., Guler, T., and Bal Besikci, E. (2022). Implementation of ARAMIS methodology in the risk assessment of chemical tankers: The case of loading operation. Ocean Engineering, 261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112211
  • Aydin, M., Camliyurt, G., Akyuz, E., and Arslan, O. (2021). Analyzing human error contributions to maritime environmental risk in oil/chemical tanker ship. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 27(7), 1838-1859. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2021.1910011
  • Bai, X., Zhang, X., Li, K. X., Zhou, Y., and Yuen, K. F. (2021). Research topics and trends in the maritime transport: A structural topic model. Transport Policy, 102, 11-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.12.013
  • Bartlett, M., and Cussens, J. (2017). Integer Linear Programming for the Bayesian network structure learning problem. Artificial Intelligence, 244, 258-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2015.03.003
  • Brkić, G., bacc ing naut, univ, sc Luka Grbić, dr, and sc Jelena Čulin, dr. (2018). Wall Wash Pregled Tankova Tereta Na Brodovima Za Prijevoz Kemikalija. Zbornik Radova Veleučilišta u Šibeniku, 23-30. https://miracle.chemserve.eu/
  • Bayes Fusion. (2017). “GeNIe Modeler User Manual Version 2.2.1.”
  • Elidolu, G., Akyuz, E., Arslan, O., and Arslanoglu, Y. (2022). Quantitative failure analysis for static electricity-related explosion and fire accidents on tanker vessels under fuzzy bow-tie CREAM approach. Engineering Failure Analysis, 131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105917
  • Fenton, N., Neil, M. (2013). Risk Assessment and Decision Analysis with Bayesian Networks. Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Hsu, H.-M., & Chen, C.-T. (1996). Aggregation of fuzzy opinions under group decision making. In Fuzzy Sets and Systems (Vol. 79).
  • IMO. (2020). International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code) Supplement (Vol. 225, Issue May).
  • International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (INTERTANKO) (2017). Cargo Tank Cleanliness Standards for Chemical Tankers, London, United Kingdom
  • Kaptan, M. (2022). Analysis of accidents during vehicle stowage on RO-RO vessels by using Fuzzy Bayesian networks. Ocean Engineering, 260(July), 111997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111997
  • Kaptan, M., Uğurlu, Ö., and Wang, J. (2021). The effect of nonconformities encountered in the use of technology on the occurrence of collision, contact and grounding accidents. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 215 (December 2020), 107886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107886
  • Khan, R. U., Yin, J., Mustafa, F. S., and Wang, S. (2022). Analyzing human factor involvement in sustainable hazardous cargo port operations. Ocean Engineering, 250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111028
  • Kosko, B. (1994). Fuzzy Thinking: The New Science of Fuzzy Logic. Hyperion.
  • Matellini, D. B., Wall, A. D., Jenkinson, I. D., Wang, J., and Pritchard, R. (2013). Modelling dwelling fire development and occupancy escape using Bayesian network. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2013.01.001
  • Mohammed, S. I. S., and Williamson, J. G. (2004). Freight rates and productivity gains in British tramp shipping 1869-1950. Explorations in Economic History, 41(2), 172-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-4983(03)00043-3
  • Pristrom, S., Yang, Z., Wang, J., and Yan, X. (2016). A novel flexible model for piracy and robbery assessment of merchant ship operations. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 155 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2016.07.001
  • Rajakarunakaran, S., Maniram Kumar, A., and Arumuga Prabhu, V. (2015). Applications of fuzzy faulty tree analysis and expert elicitation for evaluation of risks in LPG refuelling station. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 33, 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2014.11.016
  • Raknes Hjellvik, L., Elisabeth Hope Aga, R., and Saetrevik, B. (2019). Organizational and Individual Safety Factors in Work on Chemical Tanker Vessels. https://osf.io/cdh5p
  • Şakar, C., and Zorba, Y. (2017). A Study on Safety and Risk Assessment of Dangerous Cargo Operations In Oil/Chemical Tankers. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 5(4), 396-413. https://doi.org/10.5505/jems.2017.09226
  • Şanlıer, Ş. (2018). Should chemical tankers' tank cleaning waters be banned from discharging into the sea? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 58, 14-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.11.005
  • Senol, Y. E., Aydogdu, Y. V., Sahin, B., and Kilic, I. (2015). Fault Tree Analysis of chemical cargo contamination by using fuzzy approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(12), 5232-5244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2015.02.027
  • Senol, Y. E., and Yasli, F. (2021). A risk analysis study for chemical cargo tank cleaning process using Fuzzy Bayesian Network. Ocean Engineering, 235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109360
  • Sezer, S.., Akyuz, E., Arslan, O. (2023a). Human error probability prediction for cargo sampling process on chemical tanker ship under extended SLIM Evidential Reasoning approach. International Conference on Scientific and Innovative Studies, 1(1), 220–224. https://doi.org/10.59287/icsis.604
  • Sezer, S. I., Akyuz, E., and Gardoni, P. (2023b). Prediction of human error probability under Evidential Reasoning extended SLIM approach: The case of tank cleaning in chemical tanker. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2023.109414
  • Tekeli MM, Bal Besikci E, Gul M, Akyuz E, & Arslan O. (2023). Application of IT2Fs-AHP and TOPSIS modelling for performance analysis of tank coatings in chemical tankers. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment.
  • Uğurlu, Ö. (2016). Analysis of fire and explosion accidents occurring in tankers transporting hazardous cargoes. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 55, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2016.06.006
  • Uğurlu, Ö., Erol, S., and Başar, E. (2016). The analysis of life safety and economic loss in marine accidents occurring in the Turkish Straits. Maritime Policy and Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2014.1000992
  • Uğurlu, Ö., Yıldız, S., Loughney, S., Wang, J., Kuntchulia, S., and Sharabidze, I. (2020). Analysing Collision, Grounding, and Sinking Accidents Occurring in the Black Sea Utilising HFACS and Bayesian Networks. Risk Analysis, 40(12), 2610-2638. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13568
  • URL-1. (2023). https://www.swedishclub.com/loss-prevention/cargo/tankers, 09.09.2023
  • Wu, W., Cao, Z., Zhang, B., Guo, Y., Du, M., Zheng, Q., Bai, Z., and Shi, Z. (2023). Safe and efficient tank cleaning of liquid cargo tankers: a review. Ships and Offshore Structures, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2022.2162752
  • Yao, J., Xie, B., Wu, X., and Zhang, C. (2023). Two-Level Programming Model Based on Cooperative Operation Study of Stakeholders in Hazardous Chemical Storage. Sustainability, 15(2), 1221. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021221
  • Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy S e t s *. Information and Controls, 8, 338-353.

Kimyasal Kargo Tankına Uygulanan Duvar Yıkama Testine İlişkin Risk Analizi Çalışması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 172 - 186, 31.12.2023

Mehmet Kaptan

https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1362325
https://izlik.org/JA54KP43AY

Öz

Kimyasal yüklerin taşınması sırasında yanıcılığı, toksisitesi, saflığı ve birbiriyle uyumsuzluğu nedeniyle yüksek hassasiyet gösterilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle kimyasal tankerlerde en önemli işlemlerden biri tankların yük kalıntılarından temizlenmesi ve yük yüklemeye hazır hale getirilmesidir. Tankın yüklemeye uygunluğunun kontrolü öncelikle duvar yıkama testi (WWT) ile gerçekleştirilir. WWT uygulaması sırasında yapılan hataların değerlendirilmesi, maliyetli sonuçlar doğurabilecek kargo kontaminasyonunun önlenmesi açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, WWT'nin uygulanmasıyla ilişkili riskler bulanık ortamda Bayes tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bayes ağı, tehlikeleri tespit etmek ve katkıda bulunan alt nedenlerin olasılıklarını hesaplamak için kullanılırken, risk değerlendirmesindeki belirsizliği ölçmek için bulanık mantık kullanılır. Makale, kimyasal tanker taşımacılığının en kritik sorunlarından biri olan kontaminasyon sorununa yönelik WWT'deki risklerin değerlendirilmesi ve önlenmesi konusunda tüm denizcilik paydaşlarına pratik katkılar sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Duvar yıkama testi Kimyasal tanker Bulanık bayes ağları Bulaşma

Etik Beyan

The author declared that He have no conflict of interest.

Destekleyen Kurum

The author received no financial support for this article's research, authorship, and publication

Kaynakça

  • Akyuz, E., and Çelik, M. (2015). A methodological extension to human reliability analysis for cargo tank cleaning operation on board chemical tanker ships. Safety Science, 75, 146-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.02.008
  • Ay, C., Guler, T., and Bal Besikci, E. (2022). Implementation of ARAMIS methodology in the risk assessment of chemical tankers: The case of loading operation. Ocean Engineering, 261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112211
  • Aydin, M., Camliyurt, G., Akyuz, E., and Arslan, O. (2021). Analyzing human error contributions to maritime environmental risk in oil/chemical tanker ship. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 27(7), 1838-1859. https://doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2021.1910011
  • Bai, X., Zhang, X., Li, K. X., Zhou, Y., and Yuen, K. F. (2021). Research topics and trends in the maritime transport: A structural topic model. Transport Policy, 102, 11-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2020.12.013
  • Bartlett, M., and Cussens, J. (2017). Integer Linear Programming for the Bayesian network structure learning problem. Artificial Intelligence, 244, 258-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2015.03.003
  • Brkić, G., bacc ing naut, univ, sc Luka Grbić, dr, and sc Jelena Čulin, dr. (2018). Wall Wash Pregled Tankova Tereta Na Brodovima Za Prijevoz Kemikalija. Zbornik Radova Veleučilišta u Šibeniku, 23-30. https://miracle.chemserve.eu/
  • Bayes Fusion. (2017). “GeNIe Modeler User Manual Version 2.2.1.”
  • Elidolu, G., Akyuz, E., Arslan, O., and Arslanoglu, Y. (2022). Quantitative failure analysis for static electricity-related explosion and fire accidents on tanker vessels under fuzzy bow-tie CREAM approach. Engineering Failure Analysis, 131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2021.105917
  • Fenton, N., Neil, M. (2013). Risk Assessment and Decision Analysis with Bayesian Networks. Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Hsu, H.-M., & Chen, C.-T. (1996). Aggregation of fuzzy opinions under group decision making. In Fuzzy Sets and Systems (Vol. 79).
  • IMO. (2020). International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (IBC Code) Supplement (Vol. 225, Issue May).
  • International Association of Independent Tanker Owners (INTERTANKO) (2017). Cargo Tank Cleanliness Standards for Chemical Tankers, London, United Kingdom
  • Kaptan, M. (2022). Analysis of accidents during vehicle stowage on RO-RO vessels by using Fuzzy Bayesian networks. Ocean Engineering, 260(July), 111997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111997
  • Kaptan, M., Uğurlu, Ö., and Wang, J. (2021). The effect of nonconformities encountered in the use of technology on the occurrence of collision, contact and grounding accidents. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 215 (December 2020), 107886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2021.107886
  • Khan, R. U., Yin, J., Mustafa, F. S., and Wang, S. (2022). Analyzing human factor involvement in sustainable hazardous cargo port operations. Ocean Engineering, 250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.111028
  • Kosko, B. (1994). Fuzzy Thinking: The New Science of Fuzzy Logic. Hyperion.
  • Matellini, D. B., Wall, A. D., Jenkinson, I. D., Wang, J., and Pritchard, R. (2013). Modelling dwelling fire development and occupancy escape using Bayesian network. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2013.01.001
  • Mohammed, S. I. S., and Williamson, J. G. (2004). Freight rates and productivity gains in British tramp shipping 1869-1950. Explorations in Economic History, 41(2), 172-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-4983(03)00043-3
  • Pristrom, S., Yang, Z., Wang, J., and Yan, X. (2016). A novel flexible model for piracy and robbery assessment of merchant ship operations. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 155 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2016.07.001
  • Rajakarunakaran, S., Maniram Kumar, A., and Arumuga Prabhu, V. (2015). Applications of fuzzy faulty tree analysis and expert elicitation for evaluation of risks in LPG refuelling station. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 33, 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2014.11.016
  • Raknes Hjellvik, L., Elisabeth Hope Aga, R., and Saetrevik, B. (2019). Organizational and Individual Safety Factors in Work on Chemical Tanker Vessels. https://osf.io/cdh5p
  • Şakar, C., and Zorba, Y. (2017). A Study on Safety and Risk Assessment of Dangerous Cargo Operations In Oil/Chemical Tankers. Journal of ETA Maritime Science, 5(4), 396-413. https://doi.org/10.5505/jems.2017.09226
  • Şanlıer, Ş. (2018). Should chemical tankers' tank cleaning waters be banned from discharging into the sea? Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 58, 14-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.11.005
  • Senol, Y. E., Aydogdu, Y. V., Sahin, B., and Kilic, I. (2015). Fault Tree Analysis of chemical cargo contamination by using fuzzy approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(12), 5232-5244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2015.02.027
  • Senol, Y. E., and Yasli, F. (2021). A risk analysis study for chemical cargo tank cleaning process using Fuzzy Bayesian Network. Ocean Engineering, 235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2021.109360
  • Sezer, S.., Akyuz, E., Arslan, O. (2023a). Human error probability prediction for cargo sampling process on chemical tanker ship under extended SLIM Evidential Reasoning approach. International Conference on Scientific and Innovative Studies, 1(1), 220–224. https://doi.org/10.59287/icsis.604
  • Sezer, S. I., Akyuz, E., and Gardoni, P. (2023b). Prediction of human error probability under Evidential Reasoning extended SLIM approach: The case of tank cleaning in chemical tanker. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2023.109414
  • Tekeli MM, Bal Besikci E, Gul M, Akyuz E, & Arslan O. (2023). Application of IT2Fs-AHP and TOPSIS modelling for performance analysis of tank coatings in chemical tankers. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment.
  • Uğurlu, Ö. (2016). Analysis of fire and explosion accidents occurring in tankers transporting hazardous cargoes. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 55, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2016.06.006
  • Uğurlu, Ö., Erol, S., and Başar, E. (2016). The analysis of life safety and economic loss in marine accidents occurring in the Turkish Straits. Maritime Policy and Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2014.1000992
  • Uğurlu, Ö., Yıldız, S., Loughney, S., Wang, J., Kuntchulia, S., and Sharabidze, I. (2020). Analysing Collision, Grounding, and Sinking Accidents Occurring in the Black Sea Utilising HFACS and Bayesian Networks. Risk Analysis, 40(12), 2610-2638. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13568
  • URL-1. (2023). https://www.swedishclub.com/loss-prevention/cargo/tankers, 09.09.2023
  • Wu, W., Cao, Z., Zhang, B., Guo, Y., Du, M., Zheng, Q., Bai, Z., and Shi, Z. (2023). Safe and efficient tank cleaning of liquid cargo tankers: a review. Ships and Offshore Structures, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2022.2162752
  • Yao, J., Xie, B., Wu, X., and Zhang, C. (2023). Two-Level Programming Model Based on Cooperative Operation Study of Stakeholders in Hazardous Chemical Storage. Sustainability, 15(2), 1221. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021221
  • Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy S e t s *. Information and Controls, 8, 338-353.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Deniz Ulaştırma Mühendisliği, Gemi Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmet Kaptan 0000-0003-3304-4061

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2023
DOI https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1362325
IZ https://izlik.org/JA54KP43AY
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaptan, M. (2023). Risk analysis study for wall washing test (WWT) applied to chemical cargo tanks. Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(2), 172-186. https://doi.org/10.53501/rteufemud.1362325

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