Yıl 2024,
, 89 - 114, 30.06.2024
Zeliha Tonyalı
,
Adnan Kıral
Kaynakça
- AFAD. (2018). Ministry of Interior, Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency, Turkey's Seismic Hazard Map. https://www.afad.gov.tr/turkiye-deprem-tehlike-haritasi.
AFAD. (2023). Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Turkey. "Kahramanmaraş’ta Meydana Gelen Depremler Hk. – Basın Bülteni 36", Available From: https://www.afad.gov.tr/kahramanmarasta-meydana-gelen-depremler-hk-36.
- Altunişik, A., Arslan, M., Kahya, V., Aslan, B., Sezdirmez, T., Dok, G., . . . Baltaci, A. (2023). Field Observations and Damage Evaluation in Reinforced Concrete Buildings After the February 6th, 2023, Kahramanmaraş-Türkiye Earthquakes. Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 17(6), 2350024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1793431123500240
- Ates, S., Kahya, V., Yurdakul, M., Adanur, S. (2013). Damages on reinforced concrete buildings due to consecutive earthquakes in Van. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 53, 109-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.06.006
- Atmaca, B., Arslan, M., Emiroğlu, M., Altunişik, A., Adanur, S., Demir, A., . . . Kahya, V. (2023). On the earthquake-related damages of civil engineering structures within the areas impacted by Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics, 6(2), 98-116. http://doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2023.02098116
- Avcil, F. (2023). Investigation of Precast Reinforced Concrete Structures during the 6 February 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes. Sustainability, 15(20), 14846. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014846
- Bal, I.E., Gulay, F.G., Tezcan, S.S. (2008). A new approach for the preliminary seismic assessment of RC buildings: P25 scoring method. Proceedings of 14th WCEE, 12-17.
- Balaban, M.Ş., Doğulu, C., Akdede, N., Akoğlu, H., Karakayalı, O., Yılmaz, S., . . . İkizer, G. (2024). Emergency response, and community impact after February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık and Elbistan Earthquakes: reconnaissance findings and observations on affected region in Türkiye. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-024-01867-3
- Bilgin, Ö. (2023). Adıyaman'da bir apartman depremin etkisiyle tek parça halinde yan yattı. 11 February 2023, Available from: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/adiyamanda-bir-apartman-depremin-etkisiyle-tek-parca-halinde-yan-yatti/2815764.
- Binici, B., Yakut, A., Kadas, K., Demirel, O., Akpinar, U., Canbolat, A., . . . Canbay, E. (2023). Performance of RC buildings after Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes: lessons toward performance based design. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 22(4), 883-894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-023-2206-8
- Bulut, F., Bohnhoff, M., Eken, T., Janssen, C., Kılıç, T., Dresen, G. (2012). The East Anatolian Fault Zone: Seismotectonic setting and spatiotemporal characteristics of seismicity based on precise earthquake locations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 117(B7). https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008966
- Cetin, K.Ö., Ilgaç, M., Can, G., Çakır, E. (2023). 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş-Pazarcık Mw=7.7 ve Elbistan Mw=7.6 Depremleri Ön Değerlendirme Raporu. Deprem Mühendisliği Araştırma Merkezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi (ODTU), 20 Şubat 2023, Rapor No: METU/EERC 2023-01.
- Çetin, C., Utkucu, M., Alptekin, Ö. (2012). 17 Ağustos 1999 İzmit Depremi Kırılma Zonu Boyunca Artçı Depremlerin Etkinlik Parametrelerinin (b ve p değerleri) Uzaysal Dağılımının İncelenmesi. İstanbul Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 18(2), 123-138.
- D'Angela, D., Magliulo, G., Cosenza, E. (2021). Seismic damage assessment of unanchored nonstructural components taking into account the building response. Structural Safety, 93, 102126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102126
- Demir, A., Celebi, E., Ozturk, H., Ozcan, Z., Ozocak, A., Bol, E., . . . Dere Yaman, Z. (2024). Destructive impact of successive high magnitude earthquakes occurred in Türkiye’s Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-024-01865-5
- Denaro, R. (2005). Catalogue of earthquakes and tsunamis in the Mediterranean area from the 11th to the 15th century. In Catalogue of Earthquakes and Tsunamis in the Mediterranean Area from the 11th to the 15th century (pp. 225-233): INGV Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.
- Duman, T.Y., Elmacı, H., Özalp, S., Kürçer, A., Kara, M., Özdemir, E., . . . Uygun Güldoğan, Ç. (2020). Paleoseismology of the western Sürgü–Misis fault system: east Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews, 2(3), 411-437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42990-020-00041-6
- Duman, T.Y., Emre, Ö. (2013). The East Anatolian Fault: geometry, segmentation and jog characteristics. 372(1), 495-529. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP372.14
- Duman, E., Lozano, J.M., & Nichols, E. (2023). Turkey Earthquake Virtual Report on Geotechnical Impacts. Report, Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER). https://doi.org/10.18118/G6T951
- Elnashai, A.S. (2000). Analysis of the damage potential of the Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake of 17 August 1999. Engineering Structures, 22(7), 746-754. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(99)00104-2
- Erdik, M., Tümsa, M.B.D., Pınar, A., Altunel, E., Zülfikar, A.C. (2023). A preliminary report on the February 6, 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye. Research Briefs.
- Erkek, H., Yetkin, M. (2023). Assessment of the performance of a historic minaret during the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6). Structures, 58, 105620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105620
- Ibrahim, A.R., Makhloof, D.A., Ren, X. (2023). Seismic performance and collapse analysis of RC framed-wall structure excited with Turkey/Syria destructive earthquake. Structures, 59, 105774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105774
- İnce, O. (2024). Structural damage assessment of reinforced concrete buildings in Adıyaman after Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) Earthquakes on 6 February 2023. Engineering Failure Analysis, 156, 107799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107799
- Ivanov, M.L., Chow, W.-K. (2023). Structural damage observed in reinforced concrete buildings in Adiyaman during the 2023 Turkiye Kahramanmaras Earthquakes. Structures, 58, 105578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105578
- Kahya, V., Genç, A.F., Sunca, F., Roudane, B., Altunişik, A.C., Yilmaz, S., . . . Demir, A. (2024). Evaluation of earthquake-related damages on masonry structures due to the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş-Türkiye earthquakes: A case study for Hatay Governorship Building. Engineering Failure Analysis, 156, 107855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107855
- Karabacak, Özkaymak, Ç., Sözbilir, H., Tatar, O., Aktuğ, B., Özdağ, Ö.C., . . . Softa, M. (2023). The 2023 Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye) earthquake (Mw 7.7): implications for surface rupture dynamics along the East Anatolian Fault Zone. Journal of the Geological Society, 180 (3), jgs2023-2020. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2023-020
- Karabacak, V. (2007). Quaternary activity of the Northern Dead Sea Fault Zone. Ph. D. Thesis. Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Natural and Applied Sciences,
- Kiral, A., Gurbuz, A. (2024). Using supplemental linear viscous dampers for experimentally verified base-isolated building: Case study. Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics, 7(1), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2024.01034050
- Kiral, A., Tonyali, Z. (2023). Evaluating The Kahramanmaras Earthquake of February 6 2023 in Turkey Based on New Generation Attenuation Ground Motion (NGA) Models. Paper presented at the European Conferences 2nd International Conference on Health, Engineering and Applied Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Kurt, Z., Tonyalı, Z. (2020). Performance analysis of a reinforced concrete frame system according to TBEC-2018. Sciennovation, 1(2), 6-22.
- Mertol, H.C., Tunç, G., Akış, T., Kantekin, Y., Aydın, İ.C. (2023). Investigation of RC Buildings after 6 February 2023, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye Earthquakes. Buildings, 13(7), 1789. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071789
- Onat, O., Deniz, F., Özmen, A., Özdemir, E., & Sayın, E. (2023). Performance evaluation and damage assessment of historical Yusuf Ziya Pasha Mosque after February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquakes. Structures, 58, 105415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105415
- Ozturk, M., Arslan, M.H., Korkmaz, H.H. (2023). Effect on RC buildings of 6 February 2023 Turkey earthquake doublets and new doctrines for seismic design. Engineering Failure Analysis, 153, 107521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107521
- Özkaymak, Ç. (2015). Tectonic analysis of the Honaz Fault (western Anatolia) using geomorphic indices and the regional implications. Geodinamica Acta, 27(2-3), 110-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2014.957504
- PoSB. (2023). 2023 Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earthquakes Report. Post-Earthquake Assessment,Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, Presidency of Strategy and Budget, Avaible online: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/2023-kahramanmaras-ve-hatay-depremleri-raporu.
- Pousse‐Beltran, L., Nissen, E., Bergman, E.A., Cambaz, M.D., Gaudreau, É., Karasözen, E., Tan, F. (2020). The 2020 M w 6.8 Elazığ (Turkey) earthquake reveals rupture behavior of the East Anatolian Fault. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(13), e2020GL088136. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088136
- SBT. (2023). 2023 Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earthquakes Report. Republic of Turkiye Presidency, Strategy and Budget Directorate.
- Sesli, H., Tonyalı, Z., Yurdakul, M. (2022). An investigation on seismically isolated buildings in near-fault region. Journal of Innovative Engineering and Natural Science, 2(2), 47-65. https://doi.org/10.29228/JIENS.63395
- Sucuoğlu, H., Yazgan, U., Yakut, A. (2007). A screening procedure for seismic risk assessment in urban building stocks. Earthquake Spectra, 23(2), 441-458. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.27209
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Evaluation of Earthquake-Related Damages on the Reinforced Concrete Buildings due to the February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaras-Turkiye Earthquakes
Yıl 2024,
, 89 - 114, 30.06.2024
Zeliha Tonyalı
,
Adnan Kıral
Öz
On February 6, 2023, two powerful quakes (with magnitudes of Mw7.7 and Mw7.6) struck the Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ), separated by around nine hours. Both earthquakes occurred in the Pazarcık and Elbistan districts of Kahramanmaraş province and were felt in many countries surrounding them. In addition, these quakes resulted in substantial losses of life and property in 11 provinces along the EAFZ. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ground motions and discuss Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings’ performance in Hatay, one of the most earthquake-affected provinces. On-site investigations revealed that many buildings were damaged in the first Pazarcık earthquake (Mw7.7), and many of them collapsed following the second Elbistan earthquake (Mw7.6). Furthermore, many of the defects uncovered by scientists in previous earthquakes were also observed in these earthquakes. The study also recommended revising the latest Turkish response spectrum for the earthquake region.
Kaynakça
- AFAD. (2018). Ministry of Interior, Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency, Turkey's Seismic Hazard Map. https://www.afad.gov.tr/turkiye-deprem-tehlike-haritasi.
AFAD. (2023). Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Turkey. "Kahramanmaraş’ta Meydana Gelen Depremler Hk. – Basın Bülteni 36", Available From: https://www.afad.gov.tr/kahramanmarasta-meydana-gelen-depremler-hk-36.
- Altunişik, A., Arslan, M., Kahya, V., Aslan, B., Sezdirmez, T., Dok, G., . . . Baltaci, A. (2023). Field Observations and Damage Evaluation in Reinforced Concrete Buildings After the February 6th, 2023, Kahramanmaraş-Türkiye Earthquakes. Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, 17(6), 2350024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1793431123500240
- Ates, S., Kahya, V., Yurdakul, M., Adanur, S. (2013). Damages on reinforced concrete buildings due to consecutive earthquakes in Van. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 53, 109-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.06.006
- Atmaca, B., Arslan, M., Emiroğlu, M., Altunişik, A., Adanur, S., Demir, A., . . . Kahya, V. (2023). On the earthquake-related damages of civil engineering structures within the areas impacted by Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics, 6(2), 98-116. http://doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2023.02098116
- Avcil, F. (2023). Investigation of Precast Reinforced Concrete Structures during the 6 February 2023 Türkiye Earthquakes. Sustainability, 15(20), 14846. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014846
- Bal, I.E., Gulay, F.G., Tezcan, S.S. (2008). A new approach for the preliminary seismic assessment of RC buildings: P25 scoring method. Proceedings of 14th WCEE, 12-17.
- Balaban, M.Ş., Doğulu, C., Akdede, N., Akoğlu, H., Karakayalı, O., Yılmaz, S., . . . İkizer, G. (2024). Emergency response, and community impact after February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık and Elbistan Earthquakes: reconnaissance findings and observations on affected region in Türkiye. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-024-01867-3
- Bilgin, Ö. (2023). Adıyaman'da bir apartman depremin etkisiyle tek parça halinde yan yattı. 11 February 2023, Available from: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/adiyamanda-bir-apartman-depremin-etkisiyle-tek-parca-halinde-yan-yatti/2815764.
- Binici, B., Yakut, A., Kadas, K., Demirel, O., Akpinar, U., Canbolat, A., . . . Canbay, E. (2023). Performance of RC buildings after Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes: lessons toward performance based design. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 22(4), 883-894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-023-2206-8
- Bulut, F., Bohnhoff, M., Eken, T., Janssen, C., Kılıç, T., Dresen, G. (2012). The East Anatolian Fault Zone: Seismotectonic setting and spatiotemporal characteristics of seismicity based on precise earthquake locations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 117(B7). https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB008966
- Cetin, K.Ö., Ilgaç, M., Can, G., Çakır, E. (2023). 6 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş-Pazarcık Mw=7.7 ve Elbistan Mw=7.6 Depremleri Ön Değerlendirme Raporu. Deprem Mühendisliği Araştırma Merkezi, Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi (ODTU), 20 Şubat 2023, Rapor No: METU/EERC 2023-01.
- Çetin, C., Utkucu, M., Alptekin, Ö. (2012). 17 Ağustos 1999 İzmit Depremi Kırılma Zonu Boyunca Artçı Depremlerin Etkinlik Parametrelerinin (b ve p değerleri) Uzaysal Dağılımının İncelenmesi. İstanbul Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 18(2), 123-138.
- D'Angela, D., Magliulo, G., Cosenza, E. (2021). Seismic damage assessment of unanchored nonstructural components taking into account the building response. Structural Safety, 93, 102126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2021.102126
- Demir, A., Celebi, E., Ozturk, H., Ozcan, Z., Ozocak, A., Bol, E., . . . Dere Yaman, Z. (2024). Destructive impact of successive high magnitude earthquakes occurred in Türkiye’s Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-024-01865-5
- Denaro, R. (2005). Catalogue of earthquakes and tsunamis in the Mediterranean area from the 11th to the 15th century. In Catalogue of Earthquakes and Tsunamis in the Mediterranean Area from the 11th to the 15th century (pp. 225-233): INGV Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia.
- Duman, T.Y., Elmacı, H., Özalp, S., Kürçer, A., Kara, M., Özdemir, E., . . . Uygun Güldoğan, Ç. (2020). Paleoseismology of the western Sürgü–Misis fault system: east Anatolian Fault, Turkey. Mediterranean Geoscience Reviews, 2(3), 411-437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42990-020-00041-6
- Duman, T.Y., Emre, Ö. (2013). The East Anatolian Fault: geometry, segmentation and jog characteristics. 372(1), 495-529. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP372.14
- Duman, E., Lozano, J.M., & Nichols, E. (2023). Turkey Earthquake Virtual Report on Geotechnical Impacts. Report, Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER). https://doi.org/10.18118/G6T951
- Elnashai, A.S. (2000). Analysis of the damage potential of the Kocaeli (Turkey) earthquake of 17 August 1999. Engineering Structures, 22(7), 746-754. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(99)00104-2
- Erdik, M., Tümsa, M.B.D., Pınar, A., Altunel, E., Zülfikar, A.C. (2023). A preliminary report on the February 6, 2023 earthquakes in Türkiye. Research Briefs.
- Erkek, H., Yetkin, M. (2023). Assessment of the performance of a historic minaret during the Kahramanmaraş earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 7.6). Structures, 58, 105620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105620
- Ibrahim, A.R., Makhloof, D.A., Ren, X. (2023). Seismic performance and collapse analysis of RC framed-wall structure excited with Turkey/Syria destructive earthquake. Structures, 59, 105774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105774
- İnce, O. (2024). Structural damage assessment of reinforced concrete buildings in Adıyaman after Kahramanmaraş (Türkiye) Earthquakes on 6 February 2023. Engineering Failure Analysis, 156, 107799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107799
- Ivanov, M.L., Chow, W.-K. (2023). Structural damage observed in reinforced concrete buildings in Adiyaman during the 2023 Turkiye Kahramanmaras Earthquakes. Structures, 58, 105578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105578
- Kahya, V., Genç, A.F., Sunca, F., Roudane, B., Altunişik, A.C., Yilmaz, S., . . . Demir, A. (2024). Evaluation of earthquake-related damages on masonry structures due to the 6 February 2023 Kahramanmaraş-Türkiye earthquakes: A case study for Hatay Governorship Building. Engineering Failure Analysis, 156, 107855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107855
- Karabacak, Özkaymak, Ç., Sözbilir, H., Tatar, O., Aktuğ, B., Özdağ, Ö.C., . . . Softa, M. (2023). The 2023 Pazarcık (Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye) earthquake (Mw 7.7): implications for surface rupture dynamics along the East Anatolian Fault Zone. Journal of the Geological Society, 180 (3), jgs2023-2020. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2023-020
- Karabacak, V. (2007). Quaternary activity of the Northern Dead Sea Fault Zone. Ph. D. Thesis. Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Natural and Applied Sciences,
- Kiral, A., Gurbuz, A. (2024). Using supplemental linear viscous dampers for experimentally verified base-isolated building: Case study. Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics, 7(1), 34-50. https://doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2024.01034050
- Kiral, A., Tonyali, Z. (2023). Evaluating The Kahramanmaras Earthquake of February 6 2023 in Turkey Based on New Generation Attenuation Ground Motion (NGA) Models. Paper presented at the European Conferences 2nd International Conference on Health, Engineering and Applied Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia.
- Kurt, Z., Tonyalı, Z. (2020). Performance analysis of a reinforced concrete frame system according to TBEC-2018. Sciennovation, 1(2), 6-22.
- Mertol, H.C., Tunç, G., Akış, T., Kantekin, Y., Aydın, İ.C. (2023). Investigation of RC Buildings after 6 February 2023, Kahramanmaraş, Türkiye Earthquakes. Buildings, 13(7), 1789. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071789
- Onat, O., Deniz, F., Özmen, A., Özdemir, E., & Sayın, E. (2023). Performance evaluation and damage assessment of historical Yusuf Ziya Pasha Mosque after February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquakes. Structures, 58, 105415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.istruc.2023.105415
- Ozturk, M., Arslan, M.H., Korkmaz, H.H. (2023). Effect on RC buildings of 6 February 2023 Turkey earthquake doublets and new doctrines for seismic design. Engineering Failure Analysis, 153, 107521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2023.107521
- Özkaymak, Ç. (2015). Tectonic analysis of the Honaz Fault (western Anatolia) using geomorphic indices and the regional implications. Geodinamica Acta, 27(2-3), 110-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/09853111.2014.957504
- PoSB. (2023). 2023 Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earthquakes Report. Post-Earthquake Assessment,Presidency of the Republic of Turkey, Presidency of Strategy and Budget, Avaible online: https://www.sbb.gov.tr/2023-kahramanmaras-ve-hatay-depremleri-raporu.
- Pousse‐Beltran, L., Nissen, E., Bergman, E.A., Cambaz, M.D., Gaudreau, É., Karasözen, E., Tan, F. (2020). The 2020 M w 6.8 Elazığ (Turkey) earthquake reveals rupture behavior of the East Anatolian Fault. Geophysical Research Letters, 47(13), e2020GL088136. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088136
- SBT. (2023). 2023 Kahramanmaraş and Hatay Earthquakes Report. Republic of Turkiye Presidency, Strategy and Budget Directorate.
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