“Sularda yaşamak için yaratılmış gibi”: William Shakepeare’in Hamlet adlı oyununda Ophelia’nın ölümüne maddeci feminist bir yaklaşım

Öz

Bu makalenin amacı, William Shakespeare’in ünlü oyunu Hamlet'te, maddeyi, özellikle insan bedeninin ve doğanın maddeselliğini, maddeci feminist teori ve uygulamalar bağlamında ön plana çıkarmaktır. Kavramsal çerçevesine maddeci feminist teorinin rehberlik ettiği bu makale, Ophelia’nın Hamlet’teki maddesel dünyayla iç içe geçmesinin, kültür/doğa, erkek/kadın ve insan/insan olmayan dahil olmak üzere daha birçok ikilikçi sınıflandırmanın yeniden ele alınmasına ilişkin yeni anlayışlar sunmasını inceler. Bu bağlamda, maddeci feminizmin “bedenler arası geçişkenlik,” “kırınım aparatı,” ve “şeylerin kapasitesi” kavramlarına dayanan bu makale, bedenlerin maddeselliğini aktif bir güç olarak ele alır. Böylece, Shakespeare’in Ophelia’nın ölümüne ilişkin geleneksel temsiline eleştirel bir bakış açısı geliştirir. Bu makale, Hamlet’te Ophelia ve doğal dünyanın iç içe geçmesine odaklanarak, Ophelia’nın boğulma sahnesinde suyla iç içe geçmesinin yeniden kavramsallaştırılmasının maddeci feminist teori bağlamında, ikilikçi sınıflandırmalar arasında akışkanlık, hareketlilik, ve dinamizm duygusu sunabileceğini öne sürer.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Maddeci feminizm
• kadın
• doğa
• beden
• Hamlet
• William Shakespeare.

“Native and indued Unto that element”: A material feminist approach to Ophelia’s death in William Shakespeare’s Hamlet

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to bring the material, specifically the materiality of the human body and the natural world, to the forefront within the context of material feminist theory and practices in William Shakespeare’s renowned play Hamlet. Drawing on material feminist literary criticism as the principle guiding paradigm, this paper explores the manner in which Ophelia’s entanglement with the material world in Hamlet offers fresh insights into the reconsideration of many dichotomous categorizations, including culture/nature, man/woman, and human/nonhuman. In this regard, this paper, which draws mainly upon material feminisms’ notions of “trans-corporeality,” “diffraction apparatus,” and “thing power,” considers the materiality of the bodies an active force, Thus, this paper provides a critical perspective on Shakespeare’s conventional representation of Ophelia’s death. By paying particular attention to Ophelia’s entanglement with the natural world in Hamlet, this paper indicates that the reconceptualization of Ophelia’s entanglement with water in her drowning scene within the context of material feminist theory can offer a sense of fluidity, mobility, and dynamism between dichotomous categorizations.

Keywords

• Material feminisms
• woman
• nature
• body
• Hamlet
• William Shakespeare

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