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Aşırı milliyetçi bir söylemi gizleyen postmodern bir anlatı olarak "Hazar Sözlüğü"

Yıl 2020, Sayı: Ö8, 732 - 751, 21.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.821947

Öz

Milorad Pavic’in sözlük romanı Hazar Sözlüğü, tarihi ve edebi anlatıların arasındaki sınırı sorgulama çabasında olan bir tarihi üst kurmaca örneğidir. Eser, tarihi/kurgusal bir olay olan “Hazarların Din Değiştirmesi”ni, birbirinin tarih temsilini kabul etmeyen farklı referanslar aracılığıyla anlatmaktadır. Ayrıca, özdüşünümsel bir metin olan roman, güçlü bir biçimde yazarın rolünü vurgulamaktadır. Birçok kurgusal yazar, otoriter anlatıcının baskınlığını ortadan kaldırmakta ve eseri, postmodern edebiyatın seçkin bir örneği haline getirmektedir. Diğer taraftan, biz, herbir toplumun postmodern durumu farklı şekilde tecrübe ettiğini iddia ediyor ve edebi bir eserin anlaşılması için bunun hesaba katılması gerektiğini düşünüyoruz. Bu yüzden, bu çalışmada Pavic’in romanı 1980’lerin Yugoslavya’sından bir postmodern edebiyat örneği olarak okunmaktadır. Bize göre, metin, biçimsel özellikleriyle yapısalcılık sonrası dil ve edebiyat teorilerinin etkisini taşıyan seçkin bir postmodern edebiyat eseridir; fakat aynı zamanda, roman milliyet sorunuyla sıkı bir biçimde bağlıdır ve Yugoslav varlığının temellerini sorgulamaktadır. Hazarların hikayesi, Sırplar ve onların tarihi deneyimleriyle, özellikle Tito dönemi Yugoslavya’sındaki varlıklarıyla birçok paralellik içermektedir. Böylelikle, kitabın eğlenceli ve fantastik dili, ayrıca Sırp milletinin mağduriyetini ve baskı altına alınmasına dair aşırı milliyetçi bir söylemi de gizlemektedir. Bu söylem, romanda Tito’nun çok-etnili devletinin satirik parodilerinde açıkça görülmektedir. Ayrıca roman, farklı öğelerin bir araya getirilmesiyle oluşturulmuş Yugoslavya gibi yapıların doğal olmadığı ve yok olmaya mahkum olduklarını gösteren imgelerle Yugoslav varlığını sorgulamaktadır. Yugoslav üst anlatısının başarısızlığıyla ilgili romandaki temel referans ise metnin biçimidir, çünkü bu yapı farklı anlatıların bir araya gelmesini açıkça reddetmekte ve uyumlu bir bütünlüğe ulaşmanın imkansızlığını ortaya koymaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aleksic, T. (2007), Mythistory in a Nationalistic Age: A Comparative Analysis of Serbian and Greek Postmodern Fiction. PhD Thesis: The State University of New Jersey.
  • Aleksic, T. (2009), “Disintegrating Narratives and Nostalgia in Post-Yugoslav Postmodern Fiction” in Balkan Literatures in the Era of Nationalism, edited by Belge, Murat, and Parla, Jale, Bilgi Ünv. Yay, İstanbul.
  • Aleksic, T. (2009), “National Definition through Postmodern Fragmentation: Milorad Pavić's Dictionary of the Khazars”, Slavic and East European Journal. Vol. 53: 86-104.
  • Crampton, R. J. (2002), The Balkans since the Second World War. Longman, Great Britain.
  • Damrosch, D. (2013), What is World Literature, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
  • Davis, R. K. (1998), “Dictionary of the Khazars as a Khazar Jar”, Review of Contemporary Fiction, Summer 1998: 172-182.
  • Glenny, M. (2001), The Balkans: Nationalism, War and the Great Powers: 1804-2012, Penguin, London.
  • Gorup, R. J. (1998), “He Thinks the Way We Dream”, Review of Contemporary Fiction, Summer 1998, 119-127.
  • Gorup, R. J. (1998), “Pavic’s The Inner Side of the Wind: A Postmodern Novel”, Review of Contemporary Fiction, Summer 1998, 204-213.
  • Hutcheon, L. (1980), Narcissistic Narrative: The Metafictional Paradox, Wilfrid Laurer University Press, Canada.
  • Hutcheon, L. (1989), The Politics of Postmodernism, Routledge, London and New York.
  • Jameson, Fredric. (1968), “Third World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism”, Social Text, No.15, Autumn 1968, 65-88. North Carolina: Duke University Press: http://www.jstor.org/stable/466493, Accessed: 09.04.2018 08:53 UTC
  • Karasek, M. (2018), “Balkan Identity Between the Orient and Europe in Milorad Pavic’s Dictionary of the Khazars”, World Literature Studies, Vol.10, 39-49. Lallas, T. (2008), “As a writer I was born two Hundred Years Ago”, Review of Contemporary Fiction, 128-135.
  • Longinovic, T. (1998), “Chaos, Knowledge and Desire: Narrative Strategies in Dictionary of the Khazars”, Review of Contemporary Fiction, Summer 1998, 183-190.
  • Wachtel, A. (1997), “Postmodernism as Nightmare: Milorad Pavic’s Literary Demolition of Yugoslavia”, The Slavic and East European Journal, Vol.41, No:4 (Winter 1997), 627-644. Accessed: 01.02.2017. https://www.jstor.org/stable/309833.
  • Mihajlovic, J. (1998), “Milorad Pavic and Hyperfiction”, Review of Contemporary Fiction, 214-220.
  • Milosevic, S. (1989), “1989 St. Vitus Day Speech”. Gazimestan: https://cmes.arizona.edu/sites/cmes.arizona.edu/files/SLOBODAN%20MILOSEVIC_speech_6_28_89.pdf.
  • Pavic, (1989), Dictionary of the Khazars, translated by Pribicevic-Zoric, Christina, Alfred A. Knopf Inc, NewYork.
  • Pavic, M. (1998), “The Beginning and End of the Novel-The Beginning and End of Reading”, Review of Contemporary Fiction, 142-146.
  • Pavic, M. “Autobiography”, Accessed: 01.05.2018. http://khazars.com/en/biografija-milorad-pavic/autobiografija-milorad-pavic.
  • Perco, G. (1999), “If on a Winter’s Night, Wandering Through a Landscape Painted with Tea… Milorad Pavic, Italo Calvino, and the Construction of the Reader”, Canadian Review of Comparative Literature, Vol. 26, Number 1, March 1999, 51-71.
  • Zizek, S. (2014), The Poetic Torture-House of Language, Poetry, Vol.203, No:6 (March 2014), Poetry Foundation, Accessed: 24.09.2018 10:33. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43591384.

Dictionary of the Khazars as a postmodern narrative veiling an ultra-nationalistic rhetoric

Yıl 2020, Sayı: Ö8, 732 - 751, 21.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.821947

Öz

Milorad Pavic’s lexicon novel Dictionary of the Khazars is an example of historiographic metafiction which attempts to question the line between the historical and literary narratives. The book narrates the historical/fictional event “Conversion of the Khazars” via various references none of which acknowledges the others’ representation of history. Also, the self-reflexive text strongly emphasizes the role of the reader. Many fictional authors break the domination of the authoritative narrator and make the novel a crucial example of postmodern literature. On the other hand, we argue that each society experiences the postmodern differently and this must be considered in interpreting a literary work. Thus, in this study, Pavic’s novel is interpreted as an example of postmodern literature from Yugoslavia in the 1980s. For us, the formal aspects of the text make it a distinguished postmodern work influenced by post-structuralist theories of language and literature, but the novel is also strongly tied with the national question and it problematizes the basis of Yugoslav existence. The story of the Khazars has many parallels with the Serbian people and their historical experience especially in Titoist Yugoslavia. Thus, the playful, fantastic language of the book also covers an ultra-nationalistic rhetoric of Serbian victimization and suppression. This rhetoric is clearly seen in satirical parodies of Tito’s multiethnic state. In addition, the novel problematizes the Yugoslav context via impressive images showing that assembled structures like Yugoslavia are not natural and they are doomed to be demolished. It must also be pointed out that the main reference to the failure of the Yugoslav metanarrative is the form of the novel which overtly denies the combination of diverse narratives and indicates the impossibility to reach a harmonious totality.

Kaynakça

  • Aleksic, T. (2007), Mythistory in a Nationalistic Age: A Comparative Analysis of Serbian and Greek Postmodern Fiction. PhD Thesis: The State University of New Jersey.
  • Aleksic, T. (2009), “Disintegrating Narratives and Nostalgia in Post-Yugoslav Postmodern Fiction” in Balkan Literatures in the Era of Nationalism, edited by Belge, Murat, and Parla, Jale, Bilgi Ünv. Yay, İstanbul.
  • Aleksic, T. (2009), “National Definition through Postmodern Fragmentation: Milorad Pavić's Dictionary of the Khazars”, Slavic and East European Journal. Vol. 53: 86-104.
  • Crampton, R. J. (2002), The Balkans since the Second World War. Longman, Great Britain.
  • Damrosch, D. (2013), What is World Literature, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
  • Davis, R. K. (1998), “Dictionary of the Khazars as a Khazar Jar”, Review of Contemporary Fiction, Summer 1998: 172-182.
  • Glenny, M. (2001), The Balkans: Nationalism, War and the Great Powers: 1804-2012, Penguin, London.
  • Gorup, R. J. (1998), “He Thinks the Way We Dream”, Review of Contemporary Fiction, Summer 1998, 119-127.
  • Gorup, R. J. (1998), “Pavic’s The Inner Side of the Wind: A Postmodern Novel”, Review of Contemporary Fiction, Summer 1998, 204-213.
  • Hutcheon, L. (1980), Narcissistic Narrative: The Metafictional Paradox, Wilfrid Laurer University Press, Canada.
  • Hutcheon, L. (1989), The Politics of Postmodernism, Routledge, London and New York.
  • Jameson, Fredric. (1968), “Third World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism”, Social Text, No.15, Autumn 1968, 65-88. North Carolina: Duke University Press: http://www.jstor.org/stable/466493, Accessed: 09.04.2018 08:53 UTC
  • Karasek, M. (2018), “Balkan Identity Between the Orient and Europe in Milorad Pavic’s Dictionary of the Khazars”, World Literature Studies, Vol.10, 39-49. Lallas, T. (2008), “As a writer I was born two Hundred Years Ago”, Review of Contemporary Fiction, 128-135.
  • Longinovic, T. (1998), “Chaos, Knowledge and Desire: Narrative Strategies in Dictionary of the Khazars”, Review of Contemporary Fiction, Summer 1998, 183-190.
  • Wachtel, A. (1997), “Postmodernism as Nightmare: Milorad Pavic’s Literary Demolition of Yugoslavia”, The Slavic and East European Journal, Vol.41, No:4 (Winter 1997), 627-644. Accessed: 01.02.2017. https://www.jstor.org/stable/309833.
  • Mihajlovic, J. (1998), “Milorad Pavic and Hyperfiction”, Review of Contemporary Fiction, 214-220.
  • Milosevic, S. (1989), “1989 St. Vitus Day Speech”. Gazimestan: https://cmes.arizona.edu/sites/cmes.arizona.edu/files/SLOBODAN%20MILOSEVIC_speech_6_28_89.pdf.
  • Pavic, (1989), Dictionary of the Khazars, translated by Pribicevic-Zoric, Christina, Alfred A. Knopf Inc, NewYork.
  • Pavic, M. (1998), “The Beginning and End of the Novel-The Beginning and End of Reading”, Review of Contemporary Fiction, 142-146.
  • Pavic, M. “Autobiography”, Accessed: 01.05.2018. http://khazars.com/en/biografija-milorad-pavic/autobiografija-milorad-pavic.
  • Perco, G. (1999), “If on a Winter’s Night, Wandering Through a Landscape Painted with Tea… Milorad Pavic, Italo Calvino, and the Construction of the Reader”, Canadian Review of Comparative Literature, Vol. 26, Number 1, March 1999, 51-71.
  • Zizek, S. (2014), The Poetic Torture-House of Language, Poetry, Vol.203, No:6 (March 2014), Poetry Foundation, Accessed: 24.09.2018 10:33. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43591384.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dilbilim
Bölüm Dünya dilleri ve edebiyatları
Yazarlar

Ümit Hasanusta Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8131-7661

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Kasım 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Sayı: Ö8

Kaynak Göster

APA Hasanusta, Ü. (2020). Dictionary of the Khazars as a postmodern narrative veiling an ultra-nationalistic rhetoric. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(Ö8), 732-751. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.821947

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