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Göndermelerin çeviriye yansımaları: Fransız Teğmenin Kadını adlı romanın Türkçe versiyonları üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir analiz

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 22, 948 - 963, 21.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.897290

Öz

Bu çalışma, John Fowles’ın Fransız Teğmenin Kadını adlı romanının Türkçe çevirilerinin (Aslı Biçen’den Fransız Teğmenin Kadını ve Nihal Yeğinobalı’dan Askerin Kadını) karşılaştırmalı analiziyle birlikte bu çevirilerde göndermelerin (imaların) nasıl ele alındığına odaklanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, metinlerarası referanslar arasında önemli bir yer tutan göndermeler bu çalışmanın odak noktası olacaktır. Romandan seçilen belirli göndermeler ve Türkçe’ye çevirileri, Ritva Leppihalme’nin göndermeler için önerdiği çeviri stratejileri ışığında, özellikle de Leppihalme’nin sınıflandırması (‘özel isim’ ve ‘anahtar ifade’) temelinde analiz edilecektir. Biçen ve Yeğinobalı’nın göndermelerin çevirisinde uyguladıkları stratejilerin, bu süreçte izlenebilecek iki farklı yöntemi temsil ettiği ortaya konulmuştur. Biçen kaynak metnin gönderme özelliklerini koruyarak metne olabildiğince sadık kalmaya çalışırken, Yeğinobalı bazen hedef kültüre oldukça yabancı gelen göndermeleri erek metinden çıkararak okur odaklı bir yaklaşımı tercih etmiştir. Leppihalme, göndermeleri çevirmek için ortaya koyduğu stratejilerinin her biri için bazı gerekçeler sunmaktadır. Leppihalme'nin görüşlerine dayalı olarak, bu çalışma, çevirmenin kullandığı strateji ne olursa olsun (“özel isim göndermesinin korunması” veya “anahtar kelime öbeğinde mümkün olan en az değişikliğin yapılması”), başarılı bir çevirinin, göndermeleri çevirmede en iyi stratejinin ne olacağına karar verirken hedef metin okuyucularının ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak gerektiğini göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çevirmen kaynak metindeki göndermelerin çağrışımsal ve pragmatik anlamını aktarmayı başaramazsa, hedef okuyucu "kültür çarpışmaları" ile karşı karşıya kalır. Bu tür çeviriler hedef okuyucular için "şaşırtıcı ve anlaşılmaz" hale gelir ve onları okuma sürecine aktif olarak katılma şansından mahrum bırakır. Bu sorunu çözmek için, kaynak metindeki göndermelerin anlamını farklı bir kültürün okuyucusuna etkili bir şekilde iletmek amacıyla çeviride orta yol bulmaya yönelik bir çözüm yöntemi aranmalıdır.

Kaynakça

  • Abrams, M. H. (1999). A Glossary of Literary Terms. USA: Heinle&Heinle, Thomson Learning, Inc.
  • Ahmadian, M. & Yazdani, H. (2013). A Study of the Effects of Intertextuality Awareness on Reading Literary Texts: The Case of Short Stories. Journal of Educational and Social Research. Vol. 3 (2) (155-166)
  • Allen, G. (2000). Intertextuality (The New Critical Idiom). London /New York: Routledge.
  • Barthes, R. (1977). Image Music Text. (Translated by Stephen Heath). London: Fontana Press.
  • Barthes, R. (1998). The Pleasure of the Text. (Translated by Richard Miller and Richard Howard with a note on text, Richard Howard). New York: Hill and Wang.
  • Childs, P. and Fowler, R. (2006). The Routledge Dictionary of Literary Terms. Routledge: London and New York.
  • Conrad, J. (2002). Heart of Darkness. Planet PDF.....................
  • Cuddon, J. A. (2013). A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. (Fifth Edition). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Davies, E. E. (2003). A Goblin or a Dirty Nose?. The Translator, 9:1, 65-100, DOI: 10.1080/13556509.2003.10799146
  • Demir, M. Y. (2018). Historiographic Metafiction in Kurt Vonnegut Jr.’S Cat’s Cradle and Slaughterhouse Five. Institute of Social Sciences. Program of English Language and Literature. (MA Thesis).
  • Farahbakhsh, A. (2016). The Echoes of Buddhism, Mythology, the New Testament, and Inferno in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5, ( 7), 1216-1221.
  • Fitzgerald, F. S. (1993). The Great Gatsby. (originally written in 1925). Wordsworth Classics.
  • Fowles, J. (1972). Askerin Kadını. (N. Yeğinobalı Trans.). Altın Kitaplar Publishing. (1st edition).
  • Fowles, J. (1995). Fransız Teğmenin Kadını. (A. Biçen. Trans.). Istanbul: Ayrıntı Publishing (1st edition).
  • Fowles, J. (2004). The French Lieutenant’s Woman. London: Vintage Books (originally published in 1969).
  • Hatim, B & Mason, I. Basil. (1990). Discourse and the Translator. London/New York: Longman.
  • Hermans, T. (2003). 'Translation, equivalence and intertextuality'. Wasafiri, 18, (40), 39 - 41. DOI: 10.1080/02690050308589868
  • Hutcheon, L.(1988). A Poetics of Postmodernism: History, Theory, Fiction. New York; London: Routledge.
  • Kristeva, J. (1986). The Kristeva Reader (T. Moi, Ed.). New York Columbia University Press.
  • Leppihalme, R. (1992). Allusions and their translation. Acquisition of Language – Acquisition of Culture, AFinLA Yearbook, 183-191.
  • Leppihalme, R. (1997). Culture bumps: An empirical approach to the translation of allusions. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
  • Malenova, E. D. (2018). Transmedia is “New Sexy”: Case Study of the “Sherlock” BBC Series Transmedia Project. Social, Mobile, and Emerging Media Around the World: Communication Case Studies (eds). Laskin, Alexander V. (161-174). London: Lexington Books.
  • Nicol, B. (2009). The Cambridge Introduction to Postmodern Fiction. New York: Cambridge University.
  • Ninrat, R. (2019). The Translation of Allusion in Crime Fiction Novels from English into Thai between 1960 and 2015. University of Surrey. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. (Doctoral Dissertation).
  • Pfister, M. (1991). How Postmodern is Intertextuality?. In F. P.Heinrich (Ed.), Intertextuality (Research in Text Theory) (pp. 207-224). W. Gruyter: Berlin.
  • Preminger, A. (Ed.). (1965). Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Ramin, Z. & Marandi, S. M. (2014). History/ Fiction: An Intertextual reading of E. L. Doctorow’s Ragtime. The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 20, (1), 157– 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/3L-2014-2001-12
  • Ruokonen, M. (2010). Cultural and textual properties in the translation and interpretation of allusions: an analysis of allusions in Dorothy L. Sayers’ detective novels translated into Finnish in the 1940s and the 1980s. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Turku, Finland.
  • Salunke, V. (2010). Basics of Literary Criticism. Diamond Publications
  • Scott, A.F. (1965). Current Literary Terms: A Concise Dictionary of Their Origin and Use. New York: Macmillan.
  • Venuti, L. (2009). Translation, Intertextuality, Interpretation. Romance Studies, 27, (3), 157-173. doi.org/10.1179/174581509X455169

Reflections of allusions in translation: A comparative analysis of the Turkish versions of The French Lieutenant’s Woman

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 22, 948 - 963, 21.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.897290

Öz

This study is concerned with a comparative analysis of the Turkish translations of John Fowles’s novel, The French Lieutenant’s Woman, (Fransız Teğmenin Kadını by Aslı Biçen and Askerin Kadını by Nihal Yeğinobalı), with special focus on how allusions were handled in their translations. Within this context, as a major type of intertextuality, allusions will be the central focus of this study. Specific samples selected from the novel and their translations will be analyzed in the light of Ritva Leppihalme’s strategies for rendering allusions, particularly on the basis of her classification of proper-name and key-phrase allusions. It has been found that Biçen and Yeğinobalı’s strategies for translating allusions represent two different ways of rendering allusions. While Biçen tried to keep faithful to the source text as much as possible by retaining its allusive characteristics, Yeğinobalı favoured a target-oriented approach by sometimes omitting the allusions that sound quite foreign to the receptor culture. Leppihalme’s views offer some justification for each of her potential strategies for rendering alusions. Based on Leppihalme’s views, this study aims to show that, whatever strategy the translator uses (retention of proper-name allusion or minimum change of key-phrase allusion), a successful translation entails accommodating the needs of target-text readers when selecting the optimum strategy for rendering allusions. If a translator fails to convey the connotative and pragmatic meaning of allusions in the source text, the target reader is faced with “culture bumps”. Such translations turn out to be "puzzling and “impenetrable" for target readers, and deprive them of the chance to participate actively in the reading process. To resolve this problem, a midway solution must be found in translation in order to effectively convey the sense of allusions in the source text to the audience of a different culture.

Kaynakça

  • Abrams, M. H. (1999). A Glossary of Literary Terms. USA: Heinle&Heinle, Thomson Learning, Inc.
  • Ahmadian, M. & Yazdani, H. (2013). A Study of the Effects of Intertextuality Awareness on Reading Literary Texts: The Case of Short Stories. Journal of Educational and Social Research. Vol. 3 (2) (155-166)
  • Allen, G. (2000). Intertextuality (The New Critical Idiom). London /New York: Routledge.
  • Barthes, R. (1977). Image Music Text. (Translated by Stephen Heath). London: Fontana Press.
  • Barthes, R. (1998). The Pleasure of the Text. (Translated by Richard Miller and Richard Howard with a note on text, Richard Howard). New York: Hill and Wang.
  • Childs, P. and Fowler, R. (2006). The Routledge Dictionary of Literary Terms. Routledge: London and New York.
  • Conrad, J. (2002). Heart of Darkness. Planet PDF.....................
  • Cuddon, J. A. (2013). A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. (Fifth Edition). Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Davies, E. E. (2003). A Goblin or a Dirty Nose?. The Translator, 9:1, 65-100, DOI: 10.1080/13556509.2003.10799146
  • Demir, M. Y. (2018). Historiographic Metafiction in Kurt Vonnegut Jr.’S Cat’s Cradle and Slaughterhouse Five. Institute of Social Sciences. Program of English Language and Literature. (MA Thesis).
  • Farahbakhsh, A. (2016). The Echoes of Buddhism, Mythology, the New Testament, and Inferno in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5, ( 7), 1216-1221.
  • Fitzgerald, F. S. (1993). The Great Gatsby. (originally written in 1925). Wordsworth Classics.
  • Fowles, J. (1972). Askerin Kadını. (N. Yeğinobalı Trans.). Altın Kitaplar Publishing. (1st edition).
  • Fowles, J. (1995). Fransız Teğmenin Kadını. (A. Biçen. Trans.). Istanbul: Ayrıntı Publishing (1st edition).
  • Fowles, J. (2004). The French Lieutenant’s Woman. London: Vintage Books (originally published in 1969).
  • Hatim, B & Mason, I. Basil. (1990). Discourse and the Translator. London/New York: Longman.
  • Hermans, T. (2003). 'Translation, equivalence and intertextuality'. Wasafiri, 18, (40), 39 - 41. DOI: 10.1080/02690050308589868
  • Hutcheon, L.(1988). A Poetics of Postmodernism: History, Theory, Fiction. New York; London: Routledge.
  • Kristeva, J. (1986). The Kristeva Reader (T. Moi, Ed.). New York Columbia University Press.
  • Leppihalme, R. (1992). Allusions and their translation. Acquisition of Language – Acquisition of Culture, AFinLA Yearbook, 183-191.
  • Leppihalme, R. (1997). Culture bumps: An empirical approach to the translation of allusions. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
  • Malenova, E. D. (2018). Transmedia is “New Sexy”: Case Study of the “Sherlock” BBC Series Transmedia Project. Social, Mobile, and Emerging Media Around the World: Communication Case Studies (eds). Laskin, Alexander V. (161-174). London: Lexington Books.
  • Nicol, B. (2009). The Cambridge Introduction to Postmodern Fiction. New York: Cambridge University.
  • Ninrat, R. (2019). The Translation of Allusion in Crime Fiction Novels from English into Thai between 1960 and 2015. University of Surrey. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. (Doctoral Dissertation).
  • Pfister, M. (1991). How Postmodern is Intertextuality?. In F. P.Heinrich (Ed.), Intertextuality (Research in Text Theory) (pp. 207-224). W. Gruyter: Berlin.
  • Preminger, A. (Ed.). (1965). Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Ramin, Z. & Marandi, S. M. (2014). History/ Fiction: An Intertextual reading of E. L. Doctorow’s Ragtime. The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 20, (1), 157– 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/3L-2014-2001-12
  • Ruokonen, M. (2010). Cultural and textual properties in the translation and interpretation of allusions: an analysis of allusions in Dorothy L. Sayers’ detective novels translated into Finnish in the 1940s and the 1980s. (Doctoral Dissertation). University of Turku, Finland.
  • Salunke, V. (2010). Basics of Literary Criticism. Diamond Publications
  • Scott, A.F. (1965). Current Literary Terms: A Concise Dictionary of Their Origin and Use. New York: Macmillan.
  • Venuti, L. (2009). Translation, Intertextuality, Interpretation. Romance Studies, 27, (3), 157-173. doi.org/10.1179/174581509X455169
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dilbilim
Bölüm Çevirilbilimi
Yazarlar

Tuba Kümbül Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-7079-4852

Ayşe Selmin Söylemez Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-7231-7523

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Mart 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 22

Kaynak Göster

APA Kümbül, T., & Söylemez, A. S. (2021). Reflections of allusions in translation: A comparative analysis of the Turkish versions of The French Lieutenant’s Woman. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(22), 948-963. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.897290