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1970'lerde politik açıdan bölünmüş iki ulusun anatomisi: Milkman romanında Kuzey İrlanda ve Gece Dersleri romanında Türkiye

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 25, 1030 - 1044, 21.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1032573

Öz

Anna Burns’ün Milkman romanı, “Sorunlar” olarak bilinen Kuzey İrlanda tarihindeki politik açıdan vahşet dolu bir dönemi kaleme alır. İngiltere hegemonyasından çıkarak özgür bir Kuzey İrlanda oluşturmayı amaçlayan Katolik İrlanda Cumhuriyetçileri ve İngiltere ile birlikte kalmayı amaçlayan İngiliz birlik yanlısı Protestanlar arasındaki dini ve politik zıtlıklar sürekli birikerek vahşi eylemlere neden olur. İki taraftan da paramiliter birlikler ülkeyi terörize eder ve binlerce ölüm kaydedilir. Anna Burns dönemi tek amacı önceki dönem romanlarını okumak olan on sekiz yaşındaki genç bir kızın gözünden birinci şahıs anlatısı ile aktarır. Latife Tekin’in Gece Dersleri Sekreter Rüzgâr kod anıyla anılan Gülfidan isimli militanı anlatır. Gülfidan geçmişi suçluluk ve utançla hatırlar. 1970’lerde Türkiye, 1980 darbesine yol açan benzeri görülmemiş protesto ve grevler yaşamıştır. Solcu bir örgüte üye olan Gülfidan Türkiye’deki politik kaosun sorumluluğunu üstlenir.

Kaynakça

  • Alper, E. (2010). Reconsidering Social Movements in Turkey: The case of the 1968-71 Protest Cycle. New Perspectives on Turkey, 43, 63-96. doi:10.1017/S089663460000577X
  • Aytaç, G. (1997). Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat Bilimi. Ankara: Gündoğan Yayınları.
  • Burns, A. (2018). Milkman. The UK, London: Faber & Faber.
  • Burns, A. (2018, November 29). The New Booker Prize Winner Who May Never Write Again/Interviewer: A. Marshall. The New York Times.
  • Burns, A. (2018, October 17). 'It’s nice to feel I’m solvent. That’s a huge gift': Anna Burns on her life-changing Booker win/Interviewer: L. Allardice. The Guardian.
  • Burns, A. (2018, October 24). A history of violence: An interview with the 2018 man booker prize winner, anna burns/Interviewer: T. Gatti. New Statesman.
  • Burns, A. (2020, May). Anna Burns in conversation with Sheila McWade/Interviewer: S. McWade. Queen's University Belfast.
  • Çınar, K. & Köse, T. (2018). The Determinants of Women’s Empowerment in Turkey: A Multilevel Analysis. South European Society and Politics, 23(3), 365-386. doi:10.1080/13608746.2018.1511077
  • Danacı, F. S. (2020). Surviving the Oppression in the Time of the Troubles: Anna Burns’s Milkman. Litera, 30(2), 289-305. doi:10.26650/LITERA2020-0065
  • De Fazio, G. (2020). Unpacking Violent Contention: The Troubles in Northern Ireland, 1968–1972. Terrorism and Political Violence, 32(8), 1691-1711. doi:10.1080/09546553.2018.1500366
  • Dorahy, M. J. et al. (2009). Complex PTSD, Interpersonal Trauma and Relational Consequences: Findings from a Treatment-receiving Northern Irish Sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 112(1-3), 71-80. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.04.003
  • Drong, L. (2020). Remembering a Transcultural Past: Recent Post-Tribal Fictions of Seventies Ardoyne. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, 61(2), 171-180. doi:10.1080/00111619.2019.1687416
  • Ferry, F. et al. (2014). Traumatic events and their relative PTSD burden in Northern Ireland: a consideration of the impact of the ‘Troubles’. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(3), 435-446. doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0757-0
  • Garden, A. (2018, October 15). In praise of ‘Milkman’, Ireland’s Man Booker Prize winner. The Irish Times. Retrieved from https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/in-praise-of-milkman-ireland-s-man-booker-prize-winner-1.3661398
  • Graham, B. & Whelan, Y. (2007). The Legacies of the Dead: Commemorating the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Environment and Planning D-Society & Space, 25(3), 476-495. doi:10.1068/d70j Gunter, M. M. (1989). Political Instability in Turkey during the 1970s. Journal of Conflict Studies, 9(1).
  • Gupta, R. et al. (2019). Going Forward with #MeToo Movement: Towards a Safer Work Environment. Journal of Psychosexual Health, 1(2), 174-179. doi:10.1177/2631831819862087
  • Hewstone, M. et al. (2006). Intergroup Contact, Forgiveness, and Experience of “The Troubles” in Northern Ireland. Journal of social issues, 62(1), 99-120. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2006.00441.x
  • Irzık, S. (2014). Textualized Memories of Politics: Turkish Coup d’État Novels. In N. Segal & D. Koleva (Eds.), From Literature to Cultural Literacy (pp. 43-61): Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • Kefeli, E. (2006). Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat: Tanım, Yöntem ve İncelemeler. Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi, (8), 331-350. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/talid/issue/43477/530624
  • McDonald, R. (2009, November 27). Has Northern Ireland left the past behind? BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/8381652.stm
  • McKinney, C. (2019). Sexual Coercion, Gender Construction, and Responsibility for Freedom: A Beauvoirian Account of Me Too. Journal of Women Politics & Policy, 40(1), 75-96. doi:10.1080/1554477x.2019.1563415
  • Mesev, V. (2008). Measuring and Mapping Conflict-Related Deaths and Segregation: Lessons from the Belfast ‘Troubles’. In D. Z. Sui (Ed.), Geospatial Technologies and Homeland Security: Research Frontiers and Future Challenges (pp. 83-101). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
  • Nardo, D. (2012). Persian Mythology: Lucent Books.
  • O’Reilly, D. & Stevenson, M. (2003). Mental Health in Northern Ireland: Have “the Troubles” Made It Worse?. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57(7), 488. doi:10.1136/jech.57.7.488
  • Sayari, S. (2010). Political Violence and Terrorism in Turkey, 1976–80: A Retrospective Analysis. Terrorism and Political Violence, 22(2), 198-215. doi:10.1080/09546550903574438
  • Tekin, L. (2004). Gece Dersleri (7th ed.). Istanbul: Everest Yayınları.
  • Tötösy de Zepetnek, S. (1999). From Comparative Literature Today Toward Comparative Cultural Studies. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture. 1.3. https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.1041
  • Turkey gives life sentences to surviving 1980 coup leaders. (June 18, 2014). BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27913560
  • Walsh, A. (2020). ‘Curiosity with corpses’: Poetry, nationalism and gender in Seamus Heaney’s North (1975) and Medbh McGuckian’s The Flower Master (1982). Journal of Gender Studies, 1-12. doi:10.1080/09589236.2020.1848534
  • White, R. W. (1993). On Measuring Political Violence: Northern Ireland, 1969 to 1980. American Sociological Review, 575-585.
  • World Economic Forum. (2019). Global Gender Gap Report 2020. Retrieved from http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2020.pdf

The anatomy of two politically divided nations in the 1970s: Northern Ireland in Milkman and Turkey in Gece Dersleri

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 25, 1030 - 1044, 21.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1032573

Öz

Milkman written by Anna Burns depicts a politically violent period in the history of Northern Ireland called the “Troubles”. The religious and political contrasts between Catholic Irish Republicans, who aimed to form a free Northern Ireland by getting out of the domination of England and Protestant British Loyalists who aimed to stay united, constantly piled up and led to cruel acts. Paramilitaries from both sides terrorized the country with thousands of deaths. Anna Burns depicts the period with first-person narrator, an eighteen-year-old young girl whose only purpose is to read novels from previous centuries. Gece Dersleri by Latife Tekin portrays a militia named Gülfidan with the alias Secretary Wind. Gülfidan recollects her past with guilt and shame. Turkey in the 1970s went through unprecedented protests and strikes that led to the coup in 1980. As part of a leftist organization, Gülfidan takes the responsibility of the political chaos in Turkey.

Kaynakça

  • Alper, E. (2010). Reconsidering Social Movements in Turkey: The case of the 1968-71 Protest Cycle. New Perspectives on Turkey, 43, 63-96. doi:10.1017/S089663460000577X
  • Aytaç, G. (1997). Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat Bilimi. Ankara: Gündoğan Yayınları.
  • Burns, A. (2018). Milkman. The UK, London: Faber & Faber.
  • Burns, A. (2018, November 29). The New Booker Prize Winner Who May Never Write Again/Interviewer: A. Marshall. The New York Times.
  • Burns, A. (2018, October 17). 'It’s nice to feel I’m solvent. That’s a huge gift': Anna Burns on her life-changing Booker win/Interviewer: L. Allardice. The Guardian.
  • Burns, A. (2018, October 24). A history of violence: An interview with the 2018 man booker prize winner, anna burns/Interviewer: T. Gatti. New Statesman.
  • Burns, A. (2020, May). Anna Burns in conversation with Sheila McWade/Interviewer: S. McWade. Queen's University Belfast.
  • Çınar, K. & Köse, T. (2018). The Determinants of Women’s Empowerment in Turkey: A Multilevel Analysis. South European Society and Politics, 23(3), 365-386. doi:10.1080/13608746.2018.1511077
  • Danacı, F. S. (2020). Surviving the Oppression in the Time of the Troubles: Anna Burns’s Milkman. Litera, 30(2), 289-305. doi:10.26650/LITERA2020-0065
  • De Fazio, G. (2020). Unpacking Violent Contention: The Troubles in Northern Ireland, 1968–1972. Terrorism and Political Violence, 32(8), 1691-1711. doi:10.1080/09546553.2018.1500366
  • Dorahy, M. J. et al. (2009). Complex PTSD, Interpersonal Trauma and Relational Consequences: Findings from a Treatment-receiving Northern Irish Sample. Journal of Affective Disorders, 112(1-3), 71-80. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.04.003
  • Drong, L. (2020). Remembering a Transcultural Past: Recent Post-Tribal Fictions of Seventies Ardoyne. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction, 61(2), 171-180. doi:10.1080/00111619.2019.1687416
  • Ferry, F. et al. (2014). Traumatic events and their relative PTSD burden in Northern Ireland: a consideration of the impact of the ‘Troubles’. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 49(3), 435-446. doi:10.1007/s00127-013-0757-0
  • Garden, A. (2018, October 15). In praise of ‘Milkman’, Ireland’s Man Booker Prize winner. The Irish Times. Retrieved from https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/in-praise-of-milkman-ireland-s-man-booker-prize-winner-1.3661398
  • Graham, B. & Whelan, Y. (2007). The Legacies of the Dead: Commemorating the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Environment and Planning D-Society & Space, 25(3), 476-495. doi:10.1068/d70j Gunter, M. M. (1989). Political Instability in Turkey during the 1970s. Journal of Conflict Studies, 9(1).
  • Gupta, R. et al. (2019). Going Forward with #MeToo Movement: Towards a Safer Work Environment. Journal of Psychosexual Health, 1(2), 174-179. doi:10.1177/2631831819862087
  • Hewstone, M. et al. (2006). Intergroup Contact, Forgiveness, and Experience of “The Troubles” in Northern Ireland. Journal of social issues, 62(1), 99-120. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2006.00441.x
  • Irzık, S. (2014). Textualized Memories of Politics: Turkish Coup d’État Novels. In N. Segal & D. Koleva (Eds.), From Literature to Cultural Literacy (pp. 43-61): Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • Kefeli, E. (2006). Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat: Tanım, Yöntem ve İncelemeler. Türkiye Araştırmaları Literatür Dergisi, (8), 331-350. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/talid/issue/43477/530624
  • McDonald, R. (2009, November 27). Has Northern Ireland left the past behind? BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/8381652.stm
  • McKinney, C. (2019). Sexual Coercion, Gender Construction, and Responsibility for Freedom: A Beauvoirian Account of Me Too. Journal of Women Politics & Policy, 40(1), 75-96. doi:10.1080/1554477x.2019.1563415
  • Mesev, V. (2008). Measuring and Mapping Conflict-Related Deaths and Segregation: Lessons from the Belfast ‘Troubles’. In D. Z. Sui (Ed.), Geospatial Technologies and Homeland Security: Research Frontiers and Future Challenges (pp. 83-101). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
  • Nardo, D. (2012). Persian Mythology: Lucent Books.
  • O’Reilly, D. & Stevenson, M. (2003). Mental Health in Northern Ireland: Have “the Troubles” Made It Worse?. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57(7), 488. doi:10.1136/jech.57.7.488
  • Sayari, S. (2010). Political Violence and Terrorism in Turkey, 1976–80: A Retrospective Analysis. Terrorism and Political Violence, 22(2), 198-215. doi:10.1080/09546550903574438
  • Tekin, L. (2004). Gece Dersleri (7th ed.). Istanbul: Everest Yayınları.
  • Tötösy de Zepetnek, S. (1999). From Comparative Literature Today Toward Comparative Cultural Studies. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture. 1.3. https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.1041
  • Turkey gives life sentences to surviving 1980 coup leaders. (June 18, 2014). BBC. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27913560
  • Walsh, A. (2020). ‘Curiosity with corpses’: Poetry, nationalism and gender in Seamus Heaney’s North (1975) and Medbh McGuckian’s The Flower Master (1982). Journal of Gender Studies, 1-12. doi:10.1080/09589236.2020.1848534
  • White, R. W. (1993). On Measuring Political Violence: Northern Ireland, 1969 to 1980. American Sociological Review, 575-585.
  • World Economic Forum. (2019). Global Gender Gap Report 2020. Retrieved from http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2020.pdf
Toplam 31 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dilbilim
Bölüm Dünya dilleri, kültürleri ve edebiyatları
Yazarlar

Alper Tulgar Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-8784-0795

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 25

Kaynak Göster

APA Tulgar, A. (2021). The anatomy of two politically divided nations in the 1970s: Northern Ireland in Milkman and Turkey in Gece Dersleri. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(25), 1030-1044. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1032573