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Ataerkil ideolojiye kadınların direnişi: Shakespeare'in Stephen Greenblatt ve Alan Sinfield'ın objektifinden Kış Masalı

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 26, 1064 - 1073, 21.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1074523

Öz

İngiliz toplumu modern çağın başlangıcında ataerkil idi. Elizabeth devrindeki erkeksi adetlerin kapsamı, kadınları erkeklerin kontrolüne ve egemenliğine muhtaç yaratıklar olarak gösterir. Elizabeth büyük bir güce sahip olmasına rağmen, onun zamanında kadınlar çok az bağımsızlığa, etkiye ve güvenilirliğe sahip değildi. Durumları, kocalarının veya babalarının toplumda sahip oldukları konum aracılığıyla verildi. Oldukça ironik bir şekilde, Elizabeth dönemi, kadınların sosyal, ekonomik ve politik haklar açısından çoğunlukla kısıtlandığı bir dönemdi. Toplum onlardan sözsüz ve kocalarına itaatkar olmalarını bekliyordu. Shakespeare'in oyunlarının çoğunda kadın ve ataerkil ideoloji arasındaki karşıtlık tasvir edilmiştir. Shakespeare'in oyunlarında bazı kadınların ataerkil ideolojiye karşı çıkışı ve bu gerilimlerin edebi eserlerdeki sonuçları, Yeni Tarihselciliğin ana teorisyenlerinden Stephen Greenblatt ile Kültürel Materyalist Alan Sinfield arasındaki karşıtlık noktası olarak kabul edilir. Greenblatt'ın iddia ettiği gibi, Shakespeare'in oyunlarındaki kadınların muhalefeti nihayetinde ataerkil ideoloji tarafından sindirilir. Öte yandan, Sinfield ve diğer Kültürel Materyalistler, Shakespeare'in oyunlarındaki bu karşıtlıkların sonu konusunda iyimserler. Onlara göre, ataerkil ideoloji içindeki çelişki, Paulina gibi bazı kadınların varlığıyla kendini gösterir. Bu makale, bir kadın sesinin üstün bir ideolojiye nasıl meydan okuduğunu gösteren bir çalışmadır.

Kaynakça

  • Althusser, L. (1971). Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. Trans. Ben Breswester. London, UK: Verso Books
  • Althusser, L. (1998). ‘Ideological State Apparatus’, in Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan (eds.).
  • Literary Theory: An Anthology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers
  • Bakhtin, M. (1984). Rabelais and His World, Trans. Hélène Iswolsky. Bloomington, USA: Midland-Indiana University Press
  • Dollimore, J. & Sinfield, A. (eds.) (1985). Political Shakespeare: New Essays in Cultural Materialism, Ithaca and London, UK: Cornell University Press
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, London, UK: Penguin Press
  • Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings. Collin Gordon (ed.). New York, USA: Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1982). ‘The Subject and Power,’ in H. Dreyfus and P. Rabinow (eds.), Michel
  • Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Chicago, USA: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1984). The History of Sexuality: Volume 1, trans. Robert Hurley. New York, USA: Vintage Books
  • Greenblatt, S. (1980). Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare.
  • Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press
  • Greenblatt, S. (1988). Shakespearian Negotiations: The Circulation of Social Energy in Renaissance England. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press
  • Rivkin, J. & Ryan, M. (2004). Literary Theory: An Anthology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers
  • Lodge, D. (1999). Modern Criticism and Theory; A Reader. London, UK: Longman
  • Makaryk, I, R. (1993). Encyclopaedia of Contemporary Literary Theory. General
  • Editor and Compiler. University of Toronto Press.
  • Sinfield, A. (1992). Faultlines: Cultural Materialism and the Politics of Dissident
  • Reading. London, UK: Oxford University Press............
  • Williams, R. (1977). Marxism and Literature. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
  • Shakespeare, W. (2005). The Winter’s Tale. San Diego, USA: Published by ICON Group International, Inc.

Female resistance to patriarchal ideology: Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale Through the lens of Stephen Greenblatt and Alan Sinfield

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 26, 1064 - 1073, 21.02.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1074523

Öz

English society was patriarchal at the beginning of the modern era. The extent of masculine conventions in the Elizabethan age shows women as creatures in need of control and dominance by men. Although Elizabeth I was of great power, during her time, women were of little independence, influence and credibility. They were assigned their status via the position their husband or father held in society. Quite ironically, Elizabethan era was an epoch when women were mostly restricted in terms of social, economic and political rights. Society expected them to be wordless and obedient to their husbands. In most of Shakespeare's plays, the contrast between woman and patriarchal ideology has been portrayed. Some women’s opposition to patriarchal ideology in Shakespeare's plays and the aftermath of these tensions in literary work, are considered as the point of contrast between Stephen Greenblatt - one of the main theorists of New Historicism - and Alan Sinfield – a Cultural Materialist. As claimed by Greenblatt, the opposition of women in Shakespeare's plays is ultimately digested by patriarchal ideology. On the other hand, Sinfield and other Cultural Materialists are optimistic about the end of these oppositions in Shakespeare's plays. According to them, the contradiction within the patriarchal ideology is evinced by the presence of some women like Paulina. The present article is a study to usher how a woman's voice challenges a superior ideology.

Kaynakça

  • Althusser, L. (1971). Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. Trans. Ben Breswester. London, UK: Verso Books
  • Althusser, L. (1998). ‘Ideological State Apparatus’, in Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan (eds.).
  • Literary Theory: An Anthology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers
  • Bakhtin, M. (1984). Rabelais and His World, Trans. Hélène Iswolsky. Bloomington, USA: Midland-Indiana University Press
  • Dollimore, J. & Sinfield, A. (eds.) (1985). Political Shakespeare: New Essays in Cultural Materialism, Ithaca and London, UK: Cornell University Press
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, London, UK: Penguin Press
  • Foucault, M. (1980). Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings. Collin Gordon (ed.). New York, USA: Pantheon Books.
  • Foucault, M. (1982). ‘The Subject and Power,’ in H. Dreyfus and P. Rabinow (eds.), Michel
  • Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Chicago, USA: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1984). The History of Sexuality: Volume 1, trans. Robert Hurley. New York, USA: Vintage Books
  • Greenblatt, S. (1980). Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare.
  • Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press
  • Greenblatt, S. (1988). Shakespearian Negotiations: The Circulation of Social Energy in Renaissance England. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press
  • Rivkin, J. & Ryan, M. (2004). Literary Theory: An Anthology. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers
  • Lodge, D. (1999). Modern Criticism and Theory; A Reader. London, UK: Longman
  • Makaryk, I, R. (1993). Encyclopaedia of Contemporary Literary Theory. General
  • Editor and Compiler. University of Toronto Press.
  • Sinfield, A. (1992). Faultlines: Cultural Materialism and the Politics of Dissident
  • Reading. London, UK: Oxford University Press............
  • Williams, R. (1977). Marxism and Literature. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
  • Shakespeare, W. (2005). The Winter’s Tale. San Diego, USA: Published by ICON Group International, Inc.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dilbilim
Bölüm Dünya dilleri, kültürleri ve edebiyatları
Yazarlar

Ali Mohammadi Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-5240-1832

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Şubat 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 26

Kaynak Göster

APA Mohammadi, A. (2022). Female resistance to patriarchal ideology: Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale Through the lens of Stephen Greenblatt and Alan Sinfield. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(26), 1064-1073. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1074523