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Geriye Kalan Sessizlik 'değil' : Margaret Atwood'un Penelope adlı eserini bir Karşı-Yazın Pratiği Olarak Yeniden Okumak

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 28, 580 - 589, 21.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1133945

Öz

Batı Edebiyatı Kanonu’nun ideolojik temeller üzerine inşa edilmesi, özellikle 198o’li yıllardan sonra “kanonun açılması” konusu bağlamında hararetli tartışmalara yol açmıştır. O zamandan beri, çağdaş kadın yazarlar kadınların, azınlıkların ve görece daha düşük sosyal sınıflara mensup kişilerin deneyimlerinin sistematik olarak görmezden gelindiği edebi geleneğin tek sesli bakış açısını sorgulamışlardır. Tepkisel ve aynı zamanda stratejik bir hamle olarak, edebiyat panteonunun ataerkil geleneklerini temelinden sarsmak ve edebi geleneği susturulan, sömürülen ve ötekileştirilen karakterlerinin seslerinin duyulduğu çok yönlü bir anlatıya dönüştürmek amacıyla kanonik metinleri yeniden yazarak ‘karşı-yazınlar’ üretmişlerdir. Christian Moraru Rewriting: Postmodern Narrative and Cultural Critique in the Age of Cloning (2001) [Yeniden Yazım: Klonlama Çağında Postmodern Anlatı ve Kültürel Eleştiri] adlı çalışmasında ‘karşı-yazını’ “diğer yazınlar üzerinde, sürekli, saplantılı bir biçimde çalışan” yeniden yorumlayıcı ve eleştirel bir yeniden yazım pratiği olarak tanımlar, çünkü mitsel hikâyeler “bizi tanımlar”, onlar bizim “bağlayıcı metinlerimizdir” (2001, s. 8). Bu makale Kanadalı yazar Margaret Atwood’un (1939- ) The Penelopiad (2005) adlı kısa romanını Christian Moraru’nun ‘karşı-yazın’ kavramı bağlamında çağdaş bir gözden geçirme pratiği olarak ele almaktadır. Makale, ‘karşı-yazın’ kavramını tartışmak üzere bir teorik arka plan sunacaktır. Ardından, Atwood’un ‘karşı-yazın’ üretme nedenlerinin yanı sıra, yazarın postmodern anlatı stratejileri kullanarak kaynak metne nasıl dayandığı ancak kaynak metnin sınırlılıklarından nasıl bağlı kalmadığı tartışılacaktır. Ayrıca, bu makale Batı edebi geleneğinin kurucu metni olarak sayılan Homer’in Odyssey destanının edebi otoritesini sorgulamanın karşı-yazında nasıl bir referans noktası olarak kullanıldığına ışık tutmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Atwood, Margaret (2004). Survival: aA thematic guide to canadian literature. McClelland and Stewart.
  • Atwood, Margaret (2005). The penelopiad. Conangate.
  • Baudrillard, Jean (1994). The illusion of end. (Chris Turner, trans. ). Stanford UP. (Original work publised in 1991).
  • Bloom, Harold (1975). A map of misreading. Oxford UP.
  • Cornis-Pope, Marcel. (1991). Systematic trangression and cultural rewriting in pynchon’s fiction. Pynchon Notes, 28-29, 77-90.
  • Direnç, Dilek (2014). Kadın yazarlardan eski masallar yeni Meseller. 2. Baskı. Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Eagleton, Terry (1996). Literary theory: An introduction. (2nd ed.). The U of Minnesota P.
  • Haneş, Ioana-Gianina (2018). About two concepts: Postmodernism and rewriting. Journal of Humanistic and Social Studies, 9.1,51-60. Retrieved May 12, 2022, from https://www.proquest.com/docview/2269918250
  • Hite, Molly. (1989). The other side of the story: Structures and strategies of contemporary feminist narratives. Cornell UP.
  • Hutcheon, Linda (2002). The politics of postmodernism. Routledge.
  • Ingersoll, Earl G (2008). Flirting with tragedy: Margaret atwood’s the penelopiad, and the play of the text. Intertexts, 12 (1-2), 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1353/itx.2008.0010
  • Khalid, Saman (2010). Margaret atwood’s penelopiad as a postmodernist fiction. Explorations, 21, 41-54. Retrieved May 09, 2022, from https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/21534769/explorations-volume-21-2010-41-margaret-atwoods-penelopiad- Lyotard, François (1984). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge. Manchester UP.
  • Moraru, Christian (2001). Rewriting: Postmodern Narrative and Cultural Critique in the Age of Cloning. State U of NY P.
  • Plate, Liedeke (2011). Transforming memories in contemporary women’s rewriting. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Rich, Adrienne (1972). When we dead are awaken: Writing as re-vision. College English, 34, (1), 18-30. https://doi.org/10.2307/375215
  • Sanders, Julie (2006). Adaptation and appropriation. Routledge.
  • Stevens, Charlotte (2007, January 10). The literary canon. The literary encylopedia. Retrieved May 19, 2022 from https://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=158
  • Villa, Silvia Maria Teresa (2012). The concept of canon in literary studies: Canon debates 1970-2000. [Doctoral Dissertation University of Edinburgh] Retrieved Jun 2, 2017, from https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/7853
  • Walker, Nancy A (1995). The disobedient writer: Women and narrative tradition. The U of Texas P. Widdowson, Peter. (1999). Literature. Routledge.

The Rest is ‘not’ Silence: Rereading Margaret Atwood’s The Penelopiad as a Counterwriting Practice

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 28, 580 - 589, 21.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1133945

Öz

The ideological construction of the Western literary canon sparked heated arguments, particularly after the 1980s, in the context of 'opening up the canon' issue. Since then, contemporary women writers have questioned the monolithic perspective of the literary tradition which has systematically ignored the experiences of women, minorities, and those from lower classes. As a reactionary yet strategic move, contemporary women writers have produced 'counterwritings' through rewriting canonical texts in order to undermine the patriarchal conventions of the literary pantheon and transform it into a polyphonic narrative entity through which the voices of the silenced, exploited and marginalized are heard. In Rewriting: Postmodern Narrative and Cultural Critique in the Age of Cloning (2001), Christian Moraru defines 'counterwriting' as a revisionary and critical rewriting practice that "work[s] on – and, again, obsessively work[s] through — other bodies of writings" because mythic stories "explain us," they are "founding-texts" (2001, p. 8). This article explores Canadian writer Margaret Atwood's (1939- ) novella The Penelopiad (2005) as a contemporary revisionary myth-making practice in the light of Christian Moraru's 'counterwriting' concept. The article will provide a theoretical background to discuss ‘counterwritings’. It then deals with Atwood's motivation for producing a 'counterwriting’, as well as how she relies on the source text while being unconstrained by its restrictions using postmodern narrative strategies. The article also sheds light on how a founding myth of the Western literary tradition has been used as a reference point in a counterwriting to question the authority of its source text, Homer’s The Odyssey.

Kaynakça

  • Atwood, Margaret (2004). Survival: aA thematic guide to canadian literature. McClelland and Stewart.
  • Atwood, Margaret (2005). The penelopiad. Conangate.
  • Baudrillard, Jean (1994). The illusion of end. (Chris Turner, trans. ). Stanford UP. (Original work publised in 1991).
  • Bloom, Harold (1975). A map of misreading. Oxford UP.
  • Cornis-Pope, Marcel. (1991). Systematic trangression and cultural rewriting in pynchon’s fiction. Pynchon Notes, 28-29, 77-90.
  • Direnç, Dilek (2014). Kadın yazarlardan eski masallar yeni Meseller. 2. Baskı. Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Eagleton, Terry (1996). Literary theory: An introduction. (2nd ed.). The U of Minnesota P.
  • Haneş, Ioana-Gianina (2018). About two concepts: Postmodernism and rewriting. Journal of Humanistic and Social Studies, 9.1,51-60. Retrieved May 12, 2022, from https://www.proquest.com/docview/2269918250
  • Hite, Molly. (1989). The other side of the story: Structures and strategies of contemporary feminist narratives. Cornell UP.
  • Hutcheon, Linda (2002). The politics of postmodernism. Routledge.
  • Ingersoll, Earl G (2008). Flirting with tragedy: Margaret atwood’s the penelopiad, and the play of the text. Intertexts, 12 (1-2), 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1353/itx.2008.0010
  • Khalid, Saman (2010). Margaret atwood’s penelopiad as a postmodernist fiction. Explorations, 21, 41-54. Retrieved May 09, 2022, from https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/21534769/explorations-volume-21-2010-41-margaret-atwoods-penelopiad- Lyotard, François (1984). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge. Manchester UP.
  • Moraru, Christian (2001). Rewriting: Postmodern Narrative and Cultural Critique in the Age of Cloning. State U of NY P.
  • Plate, Liedeke (2011). Transforming memories in contemporary women’s rewriting. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Rich, Adrienne (1972). When we dead are awaken: Writing as re-vision. College English, 34, (1), 18-30. https://doi.org/10.2307/375215
  • Sanders, Julie (2006). Adaptation and appropriation. Routledge.
  • Stevens, Charlotte (2007, January 10). The literary canon. The literary encylopedia. Retrieved May 19, 2022 from https://www.litencyc.com/php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=158
  • Villa, Silvia Maria Teresa (2012). The concept of canon in literary studies: Canon debates 1970-2000. [Doctoral Dissertation University of Edinburgh] Retrieved Jun 2, 2017, from https://era.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/7853
  • Walker, Nancy A (1995). The disobedient writer: Women and narrative tradition. The U of Texas P. Widdowson, Peter. (1999). Literature. Routledge.
Toplam 19 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Dilbilim
Bölüm Dünya dilleri ve edebiyatları
Yazarlar

Neslihan Köroğlu 0000-0002-1287-3381

Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Sayı: 28

Kaynak Göster

APA Köroğlu, N. (2022). The Rest is ‘not’ Silence: Rereading Margaret Atwood’s The Penelopiad as a Counterwriting Practice. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(28), 580-589. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1133945

RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.