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Cultural Fabric Analysis of Gypsies

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 40, 426 - 444, 25.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1503826

Öz

This study provides an in-depth examination of the origins and cultural makeup of Gypsies. By considering their historical and geographical diversity, it is emphasized that Gypsies may have been influenced by places such as India, Egypt and the Middle East and how these interactions shaped their cultural fabric. In addition, the stereotypical traditions of the Gypsies, which are independent of geography, are exhibited. Various views on the origins of Gypsies and the regions where they spread have been put forward. The study also includes detailed information on the social structures, languages, religions, clothing and lifestyles of the Gypsies and evaluates their level of interaction with different societies around the world. The study also examines the social marginalization processes of Gypsies and the impact of these processes on social perceptions through sociological studies and comments on blog platforms such as Quora. The prejudices and discrimination that Gypsies have faced throughout history, their social marginalization and cultural practices, as well as their struggles and adaptation skills are examined. In addition, important rituals of Gypsies such as language, clothing, family structure, weddings, birth and funerals are detailed, and the social and cultural importance of these rituals within the community is emphasized. The cultural texture of the Gypsies with its stereotyped traditions and information about their lifestyles in different countries, their professions and their level of social integration are provided, thus revealing their cultural diversity and adaptability. While emphasizing how Gypsies preserve their cultural traditions and maintain their interaction with the society despite the difficulties and discrimination they face, the negative representations of this community by the media are also addressed. The study argues that the social integration of Gypsies should take place in harmony with their cultural characteristics and their cultural richness should be recognized.

Kaynakça

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  • Bardi, A. (2007). 'In Company of a Gipsy': The'Gypsy'as Trope in Woolf and Brontë. Critical Survey, 19(1), 40-50.
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  • Buckland, R. (2010). Buckland's Book of Gypsy Magic: Travelers' Stories, Spells, and Healings. Weiser Books.
  • Burroughs, W. S. (2013). Cities of the Red Night: A Novel. Holt Paperbacks.
  • Carter, M. I. (1996). The interrelation of Gypsy culture and school culture: An ethnography study of interactions. West Virginia University.
  • Cawthorne, N. (2013). Tyrants: History's 100 Most Evil Despots & Dictators. Arcturus Publishing.
  • Cotten, R. M. (1997). The Fork in the road: A study of acculturation among the American Kalderas gypsies. Columbia University.
  • Dubov, K. A. (2021). Journey to the Italian Republic: Review & analysis (Version 2.20). San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, Mexico.
  • Duchesneau, F.(2023). Blumenbach on the varieties of the human species. Humankind and Humanity in the Philosophy of the Enlightenment, 209.
  • Dumitru, M. G. (2020). Multiple discrimination and untold stories of resistance: A case study of Romanian Roma women conducting informal street work in Oslo (Master's thesis). Central European University, Department of Gender Studies. Retrieved from ResearchGate DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.24049.51047
  • Eliav-Feldon, M., & Eliav-Feldon, M. (2012). Gypsies, or Such as Do Counterfeit. Renaissance Impostors and Proofs of Identity, 121-136.
  • Elices Ocon, J., & Manzano Moreno, E. (2019). Uses of the past in early medieval Iberia (eighth-tenth centuries). Medieval Worlds, 10, 87-106. https://doi.org/10.1553/medievalworlds_no10_2019s87
  • Engebrigtsen, A. I. (2007). Exploring Gypsiness: Power, exchange and interdependence in a Transylvanian village. Berghahn Books.
  • Farias, P. P. M. (2020). Gypsies, tramps and thieves: Uma revisão histórica, social e jurídica do desamparo aos ciganos no Brasil (Unpublished undergraduate thesis). Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Escola de Direito FGV Direito Rio, Rio de Janeiro.
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  • Fonseca, I. (1996). Bury me standing: The Gypsies and their journey.Canada: Vintage Books.
  • Fraser, A. (2000). “The Present and Future of the Gypsy Past”, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 13 (2): 19-36.
  • Gaupp, L., & Pelillo-Hestermeyer, G. (Eds.). (2019). Diversity and otherness: Transcultural insights into norms, practices, negotiations. De Gruyter.
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  • Ginio, A. M. (2015). 1 From Expulsion to Revival. In Between Sepharad and Jerusalem (pp. 37-86). Brill.
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  • Hancock, I. (2006). On Romani origins and identity. The Romani Archives and Documentation Center, Aralık. Retrieved from: https://romacenter.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/HistoryOrigins.pdf
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  • Holland, T. E. (1898). Studies in international law. Clarendon Press.
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  • Jain, P. (2023). Criminality of Tribes in India: A Review of Pre-Colonial, Colonial and Post-Colonial Constructs and British Criminal Tribes Act 1871. Revisiting Tribal Heritage and Contemporary Issues (volume 1), 21.
  • Jezernik, B. (2023). The Gypsies as the original sin of modernity. In Miasto mozaika. Opis kulturowy (pp. 289-306). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
  • Jezernik, B. (n.d.). The gypsies as the original sin of modernity / Cyganie jako pierwotny grzech nowoczesności. University of Ljubljana, Department of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology. https://doi.org/10.18778/8331-408-2.18
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  • Kandasamy, M. (2016). The gypsy goddess. New Delhi: Fourth Estate.pp.122.
  • Kende, A., Nyúl, B., Hadarics, M., Carmona-López, C., Ciordaş, P., De Cristofaro, V., … Lášticová, B. (2024). Addressing anti-Gypsyism with context-dependent psychological tools: Research review, meta-analysis and secondary analysis of prejudice against the Roma. European Review of Social Psychology, 1–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2024.2362123
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Çingenelerin Kültürel Doku Analizi

Yıl 2024, Sayı: 40, 426 - 444, 25.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1503826

Öz

Bu çalışma, Çingenelerin kökenleri ve kültürel yapıları üzerine derinlemesine bir inceleme sunmaktadır. Tarihsel ve coğrafi çeşitlilikleri ele alınarak, Çingenelerin Hindistan, Mısır ve Orta Doğu gibi yerlerden etkilenmiş olabilecekleri ve bu etkileşimlerin onların kültürel dokularını nasıl şekillendirdiği üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma aynı zamanda, Çingenelerin sosyal marjinalleşme süreçlerini ve bu süreçlerin toplumsal algılara etkisini sosyolojik çalışmalar ve Quora gibi blog platformlarındaki yorumlar aracılığıyla irdeler. Çingenelerin karşılaştıkları zorluklar ve ayrımcılıklara rağmen kültürel geleneklerini nasıl korudukları ve toplumla olan etkileşimlerini sürdürdükleri vurgulanırken, medyanın bu topluluğa yönelik olumsuz temsillerinin de ele alındığı görülmektedir. Çalışma, Çingenelerin toplumsal entegrasyonunun kültürel özellikleriyle uyumlu bir şekilde gerçekleşmesi gerektiğini savunmakta ve onların kültürel zenginliklerinin tanınması gerektiğini öne sürmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Arrizabalaga, J. (2005). Poor relief in Counter-Reformation Castile: an overview. Health care and poor relief in Counter-Reformation Europe, 159-184.
  • Auroux, S. (2013). The origin of language as seen by eighteenth-century philosophy. New perspectives on the origins of language, 31-52.
  • Bardi, A. (2007). 'In Company of a Gipsy': The'Gypsy'as Trope in Woolf and Brontë. Critical Survey, 19(1), 40-50.
  • Belton, B. A. (2004).Gypsy and traveler ethnicity: The social generation of an ethnic phenomenon. Routledge.
  • Berger, H. (2000). Çingene Mitolojisi. Ayrac Yayınevi. ISBN: 9789758087396.
  • Bogdal, K. M. (2023). Europe and the Roma: A History of Fascination and Fear. Random House.
  • Buberg, S. (2020). People from paper: German Jews through the prism of registration and census taking 1812–1938 (PhD thesis). University of Sussex, Centre for German-Jewish Studies. Retrieved from http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/.
  • Buckland, R. (2010). Buckland's Book of Gypsy Magic: Travelers' Stories, Spells, and Healings. Weiser Books.
  • Burroughs, W. S. (2013). Cities of the Red Night: A Novel. Holt Paperbacks.
  • Carter, M. I. (1996). The interrelation of Gypsy culture and school culture: An ethnography study of interactions. West Virginia University.
  • Cawthorne, N. (2013). Tyrants: History's 100 Most Evil Despots & Dictators. Arcturus Publishing.
  • Cotten, R. M. (1997). The Fork in the road: A study of acculturation among the American Kalderas gypsies. Columbia University.
  • Dubov, K. A. (2021). Journey to the Italian Republic: Review & analysis (Version 2.20). San Miguel de Allende, Guanajuato, Mexico.
  • Duchesneau, F.(2023). Blumenbach on the varieties of the human species. Humankind and Humanity in the Philosophy of the Enlightenment, 209.
  • Dumitru, M. G. (2020). Multiple discrimination and untold stories of resistance: A case study of Romanian Roma women conducting informal street work in Oslo (Master's thesis). Central European University, Department of Gender Studies. Retrieved from ResearchGate DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.24049.51047
  • Eliav-Feldon, M., & Eliav-Feldon, M. (2012). Gypsies, or Such as Do Counterfeit. Renaissance Impostors and Proofs of Identity, 121-136.
  • Elices Ocon, J., & Manzano Moreno, E. (2019). Uses of the past in early medieval Iberia (eighth-tenth centuries). Medieval Worlds, 10, 87-106. https://doi.org/10.1553/medievalworlds_no10_2019s87
  • Engebrigtsen, A. I. (2007). Exploring Gypsiness: Power, exchange and interdependence in a Transylvanian village. Berghahn Books.
  • Farias, P. P. M. (2020). Gypsies, tramps and thieves: Uma revisão histórica, social e jurídica do desamparo aos ciganos no Brasil (Unpublished undergraduate thesis). Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Escola de Direito FGV Direito Rio, Rio de Janeiro.
  • Fellman, P. V., & Renard, S. (2001). Understanding the complexity of the Romany diaspora,1-23. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242714788.
  • Fonseca, I. (1996). Bury me standing: The Gypsies and their journey.Canada: Vintage Books.
  • Fraser, A. (2000). “The Present and Future of the Gypsy Past”, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 13 (2): 19-36.
  • Gaupp, L., & Pelillo-Hestermeyer, G. (Eds.). (2019). Diversity and otherness: Transcultural insights into norms, practices, negotiations. De Gruyter.
  • Gernert, F. (2021). Divination on stage: Prophetic body signs in early modern theatre in Spain and Europe (p. 252). De Gruyter.
  • Ginio, A. M. (2015). 1 From Expulsion to Revival. In Between Sepharad and Jerusalem (pp. 37-86). Brill.
  • Hancock, I. (1988). The development of Romani linguistics. Languages and Cultures: Studies in Honor of Edgar C. PolomJ. Mouton: The Hague, 183-223.
  • Hancock, I. (2006). On Romani origins and identity. The Romani Archives and Documentation Center, Aralık. Retrieved from: https://romacenter.org/en/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/HistoryOrigins.pdf
  • Hannigan, T. (2011). Murder in the Hindu Kush: George Hayward and the great game. The History Press.
  • Hillgarth, J. N. (2000). The mirror of Spain, 1500-1700: the formation of a myth. University of Michigan Press.
  • Holland, T. E. (1898). Studies in international law. Clarendon Press.
  • Hoyland, J. (2019). A historical survey of the customs, habits, & present state of the Gypsies. Good Press.
  • Jain, P. (2023). Criminality of Tribes in India: A Review of Pre-Colonial, Colonial and Post-Colonial Constructs and British Criminal Tribes Act 1871. Revisiting Tribal Heritage and Contemporary Issues (volume 1), 21.
  • Jezernik, B. (2023). The Gypsies as the original sin of modernity. In Miasto mozaika. Opis kulturowy (pp. 289-306). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego.
  • Jezernik, B. (n.d.). The gypsies as the original sin of modernity / Cyganie jako pierwotny grzech nowoczesności. University of Ljubljana, Department of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology. https://doi.org/10.18778/8331-408-2.18
  • Kalaydjieva, L., Morar, B., Chaix, R., & Tang, H. (2005). A newly discovered founder population: the Roma/Gypsies. Bioessays, 27(10), 1084-1094.
  • Kandasamy, M. (2016). The gypsy goddess. New Delhi: Fourth Estate.pp.122.
  • Kende, A., Nyúl, B., Hadarics, M., Carmona-López, C., Ciordaş, P., De Cristofaro, V., … Lášticová, B. (2024). Addressing anti-Gypsyism with context-dependent psychological tools: Research review, meta-analysis and secondary analysis of prejudice against the Roma. European Review of Social Psychology, 1–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/10463283.2024.2362123
  • Kenrick, D. (2007). Historical dictionary of the Gypsies (Romanies). Scarecrow Press.
  • Kenrick, D. (2010). The A to Z of the Gypsies (Romanies) (No. 135). Rowman & Littlefield.
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  • Lee, K. (2022). Visions of Esmeralda Lock: Epistemic Injustice,‘The Gypsy Woman’, and Gypsilorism. Critical Romani Studies, 5(1), 4-28.
  • Leland, C. G. (1891). Gypsy sorcery and fortune telling: Illustrated by numerous incantations, specimens of medical magic, anecdotes and tales. London: T. Fisher Unwin. Lemche, N. P. (1998). The Israelites in history and tradition. Westminster John Knox Press.
  • Leone, M. (2012). Begging and belonging in the city: A semiotic approach. Social Semiotics, 22(4), 429-446.
  • Levinson, M. P. (2007). Literacy in English Gypsy communities: Cultural capital manifested as negative assets. American Educational Research Journal, 44(1), 5-39.
  • Lucassen, L., Willems, W., Cottaar, A., & Willems, W. (1998). Ethnicity as a death-trap: The history of Gypsy studies. Gypsies and other itinerant groups: A socio-historical approach, 17-34.
  • Maghenzani, S. (2014). The Protestant Reformation in Counter-Reformation Italy, c. 1550–1660: an overview of new evidence. Church history, 83(3), 571-589.
  • Marcus, G. ,(2019). Power and Silence: The Social Construction of Gypsies and Travellers. Gypsy and Traveller Girls: Silence, Agency and Power, 27-74.
  • Marsch, A. (2008a). Ethnicity and identity: who are the Gypsies?. European Roma Rights Center Country Reports Series, (17), 21-30.
  • Marsh, A. R. N. (2008b). No promised land : history, historiography and the origins of the Gypsies. Doctoral dissertation, University of Greenwich.(https://gala.gre.ac.uk/id/eprint/8151/)
  • Martin, E., & Gamella, J. F. (2005). Marriage practices and ethnic differentiation: The case of Spanish Gypsies (1870–2000). The History of the family, 10(1), 45-63.
  • Martins, H. (2023). Historical Context. In The Portuguese Jews of Hamburg (pp. 10-58). Brill.
  • Marzó, A., & Turell, M. T. (2001). The Gitano communities. MULTILINGUAL MATTERS, 215-234.
  • Matory, J. L. (2007). Free to be a slave: Slavery as metaphor in the Afro-Atlantic religions. Journal of Religion in Africa, 37(3), 398-425.
  • Matras, Y. (2004). The role of language in mystifying and demystifying Gypsy identity. The role of the romanies: Images and counter-images of ‘gypsies’/romanies in european cultures, 53-78.
  • Matras, Y. (2015). The Romani Gypsies. Harvard University Press.
  • Mayall, D. (1997). Egyptians and vagabonds: Representations of the gypsy in early modern official and rogue literature’. Immigrants & Minorities, 16(3), 55-82.
  • Mayall, D. (1998). Gypsy studies: A new era?. Immigrants & Minorities, 17(2), 57-67.
  • Milton, S. (2004). Holokost: Çingeneler. In Soykırım Yüzyılı (2nd ed., pp. 44). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203495698
  • Moreau, R. C. (2002). The Rom: walking in the paths of the Gypsies. Firefly Books.
  • MULCAHY, F. (1979). Studies in Gitano Social Ecology: Linguistic Performance and Ethnicity. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 1979(19), 11-28. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1979.19.11"Studies in Gitano Social Ecology: Linguistic Performance and Ethnicity" International Journal of the Sociology of Language, vno. 19; 11-28. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijsl.1979.19.11
  • Nagy, P. (2019). Roma in semi-ego documents in 18th century Hungary. Steiner,“Zigeuner, 91-105.
  • Niccolai, M. (2019). 10 Encounters with alterity: Romani on the contemporary Italian stage. In L. Gaupp & G. Pelillo-Hestermeyer (Eds.), Diversity and otherness: Transcultural insights into norms, practices, negotiations (pp. 245-263). De Gruyter.
  • Nord, D. E. (2008). Gypsies and the British imagination, 1807-1930. Columbia University Press.
  • Okely, J. (1994). Constructing difference: Gypsies as" other". Anthropological Journal on European Cultures, 55-73.
  • Ornek, S., & Ultan, M. O. (2015). Gypsies as Victims of Crime of Crimes. International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 63-71.
  • Ousselin, E. H. (1999). Comment peut-on être Européen?: conceptions of Europe in French literature and film (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).
  • Paolini, M. (2017). Le stéréotype du Gitan dans les dictionnaires en Italie, en France et en Espagne pour une comparaison en diachronie. Diversités REcherches et Terrains, 9. https://doi.org/10.25965/dire.792
  • Parrs, A. (2017). Gypsies in Contemporary Egypt: On the Peripheries of Society. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.
  • Pereira, P. C. (2022). Samudaripen through the eyes of non-Roma: Reading the Roma Holocaust in the novels The Eighth Sin and Fires in the Dark (PhD thesis in Literature). Rio de Janeiro State University, Graduate School of Literature. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/handle/1/18791
  • Phillips, C., & Bowling, B. (2017). Ethnicities, racism, crime, and criminal justice. The Oxford handbook of criminology, 190-212.
  • Phillips, C., & Webster, C. (Eds.). (2014). New directions in race, ethnicity and crime. London: Routledge.
  • Proglio, G. (2021). Umut Yolu. Yasadışı Sınır Geçişleri ve Tarihsel Öznellikler, Hikayeler ve Arşiv Üzerine Düşünceler (1861–2019). Avrupa'nın Sınırlarını Kaldırmak: Ventimiglia Bölgesi Genelinde Göç ve Kontrol , 17-35.
  • Pym, R. J. (2007). The Early Years. In The Gypsies of Early Modern Spain, 1425–1783 (pp. 1-19). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK.
  • Quesada, CC (2020). İspanyol Çingenelerinin hafızası: Burs, sözlü tarih ve arşiv araştırması. Roman Çalışmaları , 30 (1), 15-47.
  • Reddie, J. (1826). Historical notices of the Roman law, and of the recent progress of its study, in Germany. Edinburgh: W. and C. Tait; Longman and Co.; J. Parker; J. Deighton and Son; John Smith and Son.
  • Rosa, G. (1875). LI ZINGARI. Archivio Storico Italiano, 21(87), 508-515.
  • Roth, Eli E., "Democratic Nationalistic Privilege and the Exclusion of Europe's "Gypsy"" (2011). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 267. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/267
  • Rowe, L., & Goodman, S. (2014). A stinking filthy race of people inbred with criminality : A discourse analysis of prejudicial talk about Gypsies in discussion forums. Romani Studies, 24(1), 25-42.
  • Ryan, K. O. (2000). The intentional turn: Suicide in twentieth-century United States American literature by women. University of Massachusetts Amherst.
  • Siyam, N. (2024). The Romani People in the European Cultural Imagination: Alexander Pushkin, Prosper Mérimée and Virginia Woolf.
  • Spierenburg, P. (1986). Deviance and repression in the Netherlands. Historical evidence and contemporary problems. Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung, 4-16.
  • Spreizer, A. J. (2022). Social exclusion of Roma from healthcare as a public space: Another dimension of antigypsyism?. Social diversity and access to healthcare, 27-46.
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  • Trigg, E. B. (1973). Gypsy demons, divinities, and magic: The magic and religion of the gypsies (Preface by Sir E. Evans-Pritchard). Secaucus, N.J.: The Citadel Press.
  • Ullmann, S(2020). "Jews as Ethnic and Religious Minorities." A Companion to Late Medieval and Early Modern Augsburg, pp. 367-388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004416055_017.
  • ÜNALDI, H. (2012). Türkiye’de yaşayan kültürel bir farklilik: Çingeneler. Batman Üniversitesi Yaşam Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 615-626.
  • Vivian, C., & Dundes, L. (2004). The crossroads of culture and health among the Roma (Gypsies). Journal of nursing scholarship, 36(1), 86-91.
  • Wedeck, H. E. (2015). Dictionary of gypsy life and lore. Open Road Media.
  • Westin, C. (2008). ROMA AND EDUCATION: EXAMPLES FROM SWEDEN. In Forum Bosnae Međunarodni forum Bosna. 44:173-193.
  • Weyrauch, W. O. (1997). Romaniya: An Introduction to Gypsy Law. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 45(2), 225–235. https://doi.org/10.2307/840847
  • Wilkin, A., Derrington, C., & Foster, B. (2009). Improving the outcomes for Gypsy, Roma and Traveller pupils: Literature review (Research Report No. DCSF-RR077). National Foundation for Educational Research. ISBN 978 1 84775 359 5.
  • Willems, W. (2014). In search of the true Gypsy: From enlightenment to final solution. Routledge.
  • Yıldız, H. (2007). Türkçede Çingeneler için kullanılan kelimeler ve bunların etimolojileri. Dil Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 61-82.
Toplam 107 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Türk Halk Bilimi (Diğer)
Bölüm Türk dili, kültürü ve edebiyatı
Yazarlar

Hurigül Eken Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-9914-9718

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Haziran 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2024
Kabul Tarihi 20 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Sayı: 40

Kaynak Göster

APA Eken, H. (2024). Çingenelerin Kültürel Doku Analizi. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(40), 426-444. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1503826