Huzurevinde Yaşayan Yaşlılarda Sarkopeni Riski ve Malnütrisyon ile Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Yaşlı popülasyonun gün geçtikçe artış göstermesi birçok sorunu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlılarda bu sorunlardan biri olan sarkopeni riski ve malnütrisyon durumunu incelemek ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tipte yapılan araştırma Haziran 2023-Ocak 2024 tarihleri arasında bir huzurevinde yaşayan 115 yaşlı ile yapıldı. Veriler yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile Kişisel Bilgi formu, Mini Nütrisyonel Araştırma Formu Kısa ve Uzun Form (MNA), Sarkopeni Teşhisi İçin Basit Hızlı Anket (SARC-F)kullanılarak toplandı. Görüşmeler yaklaşık 30 dakika sürdü. Bulgular: Yaşlıların yaş ortalamasının 75,03±6,86 ve büyük çoğunluğunun erkek olduğu (%67,8) tespit edildi. Yaşlıların MNA kısa forma göre %51,3’ünün; MNA uzun forma göre %47,8’inin malnütrisyon riski veya malnütrisyonu olduğu; %63,5’inin ise sarkopeni açısından riskli olduğu belirlendi. Kronik hastalığı bulunan yaşlıların MNA kısa form puanı 10,75±2,32 iken kronik hastalığı bulunmayanların puanı 11,57±2,72 olarak tespit edildi (p<0,05). Kadın ve erkek yaşlıların SARC-F puanının sırasıyla 5,00±1,56 ve 3,91±2,76 olduğu ve bu farkın sarkopeni riski açısından anlamlı olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). Ayrıca günlük bir litreden daha az sıvı tüketenlerin sarkopeni açısından daha riskli olduğu saptandı (p<0,05). Sarkopeni risk skoru ile MNA kısa ve MNA uzun form arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edildi (p<0,05). Sonuç: Yaşlıların çoğunluğunda malnütrisyon/malnütrisyon riski ve sarkopeni riskinin bulunduğu tespit edildi. Huzurevinde yaşayan yaşlılarda malnütrisyon durumu ile sarkopeni durumları arasındaki ilişkiyi irdeleyen daha geniş örnekleme sahip araştırma yapılarak literatüre katkı sağlanması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• Huzurevi
• Malnütrisyon
• Sarkopeni
• Yaşlı
• Hemşirelik

Determination of Factors Affecting The Risk of Sarcopenia and Malnutrition in Elderly Living in Nursing Homes

Abstract

Aim: The increase in the elderly population day by day brings with it many problems. This study aims to examine the risk of sarcopenia and malnutrition, one of these problems, in the elderly living in nursing homes and to determine the affecting factors. Material and Methods: The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 115 elderly people living in a nursing home between June 2023 and January 2024. Data were collected using the face-to-face interview technique, Personal Information form, Mini Nutritional Research Form Short and Long Form (MNA), and Simple Quick Survey for Sarcopenia Diagnosis (SARC-F) form. The talks lasted approximately 30 minutes. Results: It was determined that the average age of the elderly was 75.03±6.86 and the majority of them were male (67.8%). According to the MNA short form, 51.3% of the elderly; According to the MNA long form, 47.8% were at risk of malnutrition or had malnutrition; It was determined that 63.5% of the elderly were at risk for sarcopenia. While the MNA short-form score of the elderly people with chronic diseases was 10.75±2.32, the score of those without chronic diseases was 11.57±2.72 (p<0.05). It was determined that the SARC-F scores of male and female elderly people were 5.00±1.56 and 3.91±2.76, respectively, and this difference was significant in terms of sarcopenia risk (p<0.05). Additionally, it was determined that those who consumed less than one litre of fluid per day were at higher risk for sarcopenia (p<0.05). It was determined that there was a statistically significant relationship between sarcopenia risk score and MNA short and MNA long forms (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that the majority of the elderly were at risk of malnutrition/malnutrition and sarcopenia. It is recommended to contribute to the literature by conducting research with a larger sample that examines the relationship between malnutrition and sarcopenia in the elderly living in nursing homes.

Keywords

• Elderly
• Malnutrition
• Nursing Home
• Sarcopenia

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