Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Aşı Karşıtlığı; Özerkliğin Kötüye Kullanımı

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 352 - 356, 17.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1115594

Öz

Aşılar önlenebilir ve bulaşıcı hastalıklardan korunmakta en önemli araçlardan biridir. Aşı karşıtlığı ise aşılanma hızlarını azaltmakta ve bulaşıcı hastalıklardan ölümü artırmaktadır. Aşı karşıtlığının altında yatan nedenler; aşının yan etkilerinden korkma, aşıya ilişkin önyargılar, sağlık eğitiminin eksikliğidir. Zorunlu aşı kampanyaları genel toplumun iyilik ve sağlıklılık sonucuna ulaşmak için etkili şekilde uygulanan halk sağlığı uygulamalarıdır. Aşılanma yoluyla hem bireysel hem de toplumsal bağışıklık sağlanmaktadır. Böylece hastalığın bulaşması da azalmaktadır. Aşı karşıtlığı, aşılama yoluyla sağlanacak toplumsal bağışıklığı engelleyeceği için genel toplumun sağlığını kötü şekilde etkilemektedir. Aşı karşıtlığı biyoetik perspektifle bakıldığında hem bireysel hem de toplumsal bağışıklığın engellenmesiyle yararlılık kavramına ters düşmektedir. Aşı karşıtlığı 20. yüzyılın başından bu yana gözlenmiştir ve aşı karşıtları kendi bedenleriyle ilgili kararların kendilerine ait olduğu söylemini kullanmışlardır. Biyoetik perspektifte özerklik kavramı, kişinin özgür iradesiyle, dış baskı olmaksızın kendi kararlarını alabilmesidir. Ancak salgın hastalıklar ve afet durumlarında genel toplumun yararı kişinin özerk tutumunun önüne geçmektedir. Sonuçta bireysel özerkliğin aşı karşıtlığı şeklinde ortaya çıkması hem toplum sağlığını, hem de bireyin sağlığını tehdit altına sokmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Hotez PJ. Developing new vaccines. American Scientist. 2020; 108(5): 267-8.
  • Gür E. Aşı kararsızlığı - aşı reddi. Türk Pediatri Arşivi. 2019; 54(1): 1-2.
  • Arce JSS, Warren SS, Meriggi NF, Scacco A, McMurry N, Voors M et al. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries. Nature Medicine. 2021; 27(8): 1385-94.
  • Durbach N. Bodily Matters: The anti-vaccination movement in england, 1853-1907. Durham: Duke University Press. 2005.
  • Salmon DA, Teret SP, MacIntyre CR, Salisbury D, Burgess A, Halsey NA. Compulsory vaccination and conscientious or philosophical exemptions: past, present, and future. Lancet. 2006; 367 (9508): 436-42.
  • Colgrove J. State of Immunity: The politics of vaccination in twentieth- century America. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2007; 117 (5): 1118.
  • Caplan AL. The Battle Over compulsory vaccination in the United States. American Journal of Public Health. 2018; 108(4): 424-25.
  • Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, Linnell J, Casson DM, Malik M, et al. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet. 1998; 351(9103): 637-41.
  • Isaacs D, Kilham H, Leask J, Tobin B. Ethical issues in immunisation. Vaccine. 2009; 27(5): 615-18.
  • Hussain A, Ali S, Ahmed M, Hussain S. The anti-vaccination movement: A regression in modern medicine. Cureus. 2018; 10(7): e2919.
  • Eggertson L. Lancet retracts 12-year-old article linking autism to MMR vaccines. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2010; 182(4): E199-200.
  • Beauchamp TL, Chıldress F. Principles of biomedical ethics. 5th. ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001.
  • Green CA. COVID-19 and challenges to the traditional understanding of individual medical autonomy [Honors Theses]. Mississippi: University of Mississippi; 2021.
  • Hendrix, KS, Sturm LA, Zimet GD, Meslin EM. Ethics and childhood vaccination policy in the United States. American Journal of Public Health. 2016; 106(2): 273-78.
  • Giubilini A, Douglas T, Savulescu J. The moral obligation to be vaccinated: utilitarianism, contractualism, and collective easy rescue. Medicine, Health care, and Philosophy. 2018; 21(4): 547-60.
  • McCartney JJ. The duty to vaccinate: Clarifying and broadening the basis of the obligation. American Journal of Bioethics. 2017; 17(4): 46-47.
  • Asveld L. Mass-vaccination programmes and the value of respect for autonomy. bioethics. 2008; 22(5): 245-57.
  • Zimmerman FJ. Public health autonomy: A critical reappraisal. Hastings Center Report. 2017; 47(6): 38-45.
  • Childress JF, Faden RR, Garre RD, Gostin LO, Kahn J, Bonnie RJ, et al. Public health ethics: mapping the terrain. J Law Med Ethics. 2002; 30 (2): 170-8.
  • Carson PJ, Flood AT. Catholic social teaching and the duty to vaccinate. American Journal of Bioethics. 2017; 17(4): 36-43.
  • Levi R. Community, authority, and autonomy: Jewish resources for the vaccine wars. Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics; 2013: 34(1): 173-88.

Anti-Vaccine; Abuse of Autonomy

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 352 - 356, 17.05.2022
https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1115594

Öz

Anti-vaccination reduces the rate of vaccination, which is one of the most important means of protection from communicable diseases, and increases deaths from communicable diseases. The underlying causes of anti-vaccination are fear of the side effects of the vaccine, prejudices about the vaccine, and lack of health education. Mandatory vaccination campaigns are public health practices that are effectively implemented to achieve the well-being and health of the general population. Vaccination provides both individual and community immunity. Thus, the transmission of the disease is also reduced. Anti-vaccination adversely affects the health of the general population as it inhibits herd immunity through vaccination. When viewed from a bioethical perspective, anti-vaccination contradicts the concept of utility by inhibiting both individual and social immunity. Anti-vaccination has been observed since the beginning of the 20th century, and anti-vaccines have used the discourse that it is their own body to decide. In the bioethical perspective, the concept of autonomy is the individual's ability to make their own decisions with their free will, without external pressure. However, in cases of epidemics and disasters, the benefit of the general society overtakes the individual's autonomous attitude. The emergence of individual autonomy in the form of opposition to vaccination threatens both public health and the health of the individual.

Kaynakça

  • Hotez PJ. Developing new vaccines. American Scientist. 2020; 108(5): 267-8.
  • Gür E. Aşı kararsızlığı - aşı reddi. Türk Pediatri Arşivi. 2019; 54(1): 1-2.
  • Arce JSS, Warren SS, Meriggi NF, Scacco A, McMurry N, Voors M et al. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries. Nature Medicine. 2021; 27(8): 1385-94.
  • Durbach N. Bodily Matters: The anti-vaccination movement in england, 1853-1907. Durham: Duke University Press. 2005.
  • Salmon DA, Teret SP, MacIntyre CR, Salisbury D, Burgess A, Halsey NA. Compulsory vaccination and conscientious or philosophical exemptions: past, present, and future. Lancet. 2006; 367 (9508): 436-42.
  • Colgrove J. State of Immunity: The politics of vaccination in twentieth- century America. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2007; 117 (5): 1118.
  • Caplan AL. The Battle Over compulsory vaccination in the United States. American Journal of Public Health. 2018; 108(4): 424-25.
  • Wakefield AJ, Murch SH, Anthony A, Linnell J, Casson DM, Malik M, et al. Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children. Lancet. 1998; 351(9103): 637-41.
  • Isaacs D, Kilham H, Leask J, Tobin B. Ethical issues in immunisation. Vaccine. 2009; 27(5): 615-18.
  • Hussain A, Ali S, Ahmed M, Hussain S. The anti-vaccination movement: A regression in modern medicine. Cureus. 2018; 10(7): e2919.
  • Eggertson L. Lancet retracts 12-year-old article linking autism to MMR vaccines. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2010; 182(4): E199-200.
  • Beauchamp TL, Chıldress F. Principles of biomedical ethics. 5th. ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2001.
  • Green CA. COVID-19 and challenges to the traditional understanding of individual medical autonomy [Honors Theses]. Mississippi: University of Mississippi; 2021.
  • Hendrix, KS, Sturm LA, Zimet GD, Meslin EM. Ethics and childhood vaccination policy in the United States. American Journal of Public Health. 2016; 106(2): 273-78.
  • Giubilini A, Douglas T, Savulescu J. The moral obligation to be vaccinated: utilitarianism, contractualism, and collective easy rescue. Medicine, Health care, and Philosophy. 2018; 21(4): 547-60.
  • McCartney JJ. The duty to vaccinate: Clarifying and broadening the basis of the obligation. American Journal of Bioethics. 2017; 17(4): 46-47.
  • Asveld L. Mass-vaccination programmes and the value of respect for autonomy. bioethics. 2008; 22(5): 245-57.
  • Zimmerman FJ. Public health autonomy: A critical reappraisal. Hastings Center Report. 2017; 47(6): 38-45.
  • Childress JF, Faden RR, Garre RD, Gostin LO, Kahn J, Bonnie RJ, et al. Public health ethics: mapping the terrain. J Law Med Ethics. 2002; 30 (2): 170-8.
  • Carson PJ, Flood AT. Catholic social teaching and the duty to vaccinate. American Journal of Bioethics. 2017; 17(4): 36-43.
  • Levi R. Community, authority, and autonomy: Jewish resources for the vaccine wars. Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics; 2013: 34(1): 173-88.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Peri Meram Arbak Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-5730-0790

Yayımlanma Tarihi 17 Mayıs 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Kasım 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Arbak PM. Aşı Karşıtlığı; Özerkliğin Kötüye Kullanımı. SABD. 2022;12(2):352-6.