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COVID-19 Pandemisinin Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Ruh Sağlığına Etkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 566 - 572, 20.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1174409

Öz

Yaklaşık iki yıldır dünyayı etkisi altına alan COVID-19 pandemisi tarihte benzeri görülmemiş küresel etkilere neden olmaktadır. COVID-19 pandemi süreci Dünya’da “yeni normal” kavramını gündeme getirmiş ve hayatın her alanında radikal değişikliklere yol açmıştır. Yeni normal kavramı ile birlikte dünya genelinde, sosyal, ekonomik, siyasal ve sağlık alanında önlemler alınmıştır. Enfeksiyon yayılımını önlemek için pandeminin başladığı ilk günlerden itibaren zorunlu karantina, kısıtlama, fiziksel mesafe kuralları, sosyal izolasyon gibi önlemler hayatın içine dahil olmuştur. Bu önlemler arasında yüz yüze eğitimin sonlandırılması ve hızlıca uzaktan eğitim sistemine geçiş yer almaktadır. Eğitim sistemindeki bu hızlı dönüşüm hem eğitimcilerin hem de öğrencilerin kısa sürede pandemi sürecinin getirdiği yeni yaşam durumlarına uyum sağlamalarını ve sisteme dâhil olmalarını gerektirmiştir. Bu dönüşümün, üniversite öğrencilerini ruhsal açıdan etkilemesi kaçınılmazdır. Bu önlemlerin süresinin uzaması, belirsizlik ve özgürlüklerin sınırlandırılması, öğrencilerde anksiyete, depresif duygu durum, dikkat ve odaklanmada güçlük, stres ve anksiyeteye bağlı uyku ve yeme bozuklukları gibi ruhsal belirtilerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Derleme niteliğindeki bu makalede, pandeminin ruhsal etkilerinin, kırılgan bir grup olan üniversite öğrencilerinin ruhsal açıdan etkilenme durumlarına ilişkin güncel bilgilerin ortaya konması ve olası çözüm önerilerinin mevcut literatür bilgisi ışığında irdelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization. [Internet]. Suicide: who is at risk?, Switzerland; 2021 [Updated: 2021 June 17; Cited 2021 July 3]. Avaliable from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. [Internet]. Genel koronavirus tablosu. Ankara; 2021 [Updated: 2022 Jan 4; Cited 2022 Jan 4]. Avaliable from: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66935/genel-koronavirus-tablosu.html.
  • Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020; 395(10224): 565-74.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. [Internet]. Covid-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu. Ankara; 2022 [Updated: 2022; Cited 2022 March 28]. Avaliable from: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66259/halka-yonelik.html.
  • Jiao WY, Wang LN, Liu J, Fang SF, Jiao FY, Mantovani MP et al. Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the Covid 19 epidemic. European Pediatirc Asssociation. 2020; 221: 264-66.
  • Sahu P. Closure of, universities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid 19): impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus. 2020; 12(4): 2-5.
  • Yüksekdağ BB. Uzaktan hemşirelik eğitimine ilişkin algılar. Eğitim Teknoloji Kuram ve Uygulama. (2020); 10(2): 490-503.
  • Faisal RA, Jobe MC, Ahmed O, Sharker T. Mental health status, anxiety, and depression levels of bangladeshi university students during the Covid 19 pandemic. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022; 20(13): 1500-515.
  • Marques G, Drissi N, Diez IT, Abajo BS, Ouhbi S. Impact of Covid 19 on the psychological health of university students in Spain and their attitudes toward Mobile mental health solutions. International Journal of Medical Informatics. 2021; 147: 104369-72.
  • Husky MM, Kovess-Masfety V, Swendsen JD. Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid 19 mandatory confinement. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2020; 102: 1-12.
  • Karing C. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety, depression and stress among university students during the period of the first lockdown in Germany. J Affect Disord Reports. 2021; 5:100174-83.
  • Rogowska A, Kusnierz C, Boksczanin A. Examining anxiety, life satisfaction, general health, stress and coping styles during Covid 19 pandemic in Polish sample of university students. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 2020; 13: 797-811.
  • Alateeq DA, Aljhani S, Althiyabi I, Majzoub S. Mental health among healthcare providers during coronavirus disease (Covid 19) outbreak in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2020; 13(10): 1432–37.
  • Şahin CU, Aydın M, Kulakaç N. Anxiety, motivation, stress levels and associated factors among university students in the Covid-19 pandemic. Cyprus J Med Sci. 2022; 7(1): 94-101.
  • Ahammed B, Jahan N, Seddeque A, Hossain T, Shovo TE, Khan B et al. Exploring the association between mental health and subjective sleep quality during the Covid 19 pandemic among Bangladeshi university students. Heliyon. 2021; 7(5): 1-8.
  • Jiang R. Knowledge, attitudes and mental health of university students during the Covid 19 pandemic in China. Child and Youth Services Review. 2020; 119:105494-500.
  • Savage MJ, James R, Magistro D, Donaldson J, Healy LC, Nevill M, et al. Mental health and movement behaviour during the Covid 19 pandemic in UK university students: Prospective cohort study. Ment Health Phys Act. 2020; 19: 100357-63.
  • Tao S, Wu X, Li S, Ma L, Yu Y, Sun G, et al. Circadian rhythm abnormalities during the Covid 19 outbreak related to mental health in China: a nationwide university-based survey. Sleep Medicine. 2021; 84: 16-72.
  • Wathelet M, Duhem S, Vaiva G, Thierry Baubet, Habran E, Veerapa E, et al. Factors associated with mental health disorders among university students in France cconfined during the Covid 19 pandemic. Jama Network Open. 2020; 3(10): 25591-604.
  • Zeng Y, Wang G, Xie C, Hu X, Reinhardt JD. Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety and symptoms of stress in vocational college nursing students from sichuan, China: a cross-sectional study. Psychol Health Med. 2019; 24(7): 798-811.
  • Kaparounaki CK, Patsali ME, Mousa DV, Papadopoulou EVK, Papadopoulou KKK, Fountoulakis KN. University students’ mental health amidst the Covid-19 quarantine in Greece. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 290: 1-3.
  • World Health Organization. [Internet]. Covid-19 pandemic triggers 25 increase in prevalence of anxiety and depression woldwide. [Updated: 2022 Marc 2; Cited 2022 March 31]. Avaliable from: https://www.who.int/news/item/02-03-2022-covid-19-pandemic-triggers-25-increase-in-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-worldwide
  • European Psychiatric Association. [Internet]. World suicide prevention day. USA; 2019 [Updated: 2019 Sep 10; Cited 2021 July 21]. Avaliable from: https://www.europsy.net/?s=suicide.
  • Firth J, Torous J, Nicholas J, Carney R, Rosenbaum S, Sarris J. Can smartphone mental health interventions reduce symptoms of anxiety? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Affect Disord. 2017; 15(218): 15-22.
  • Son C, Hegde S, Smith A, Wang X, Sasangohar F. Effects of Covid 19 on college students’ mental health in the United States: Interview survey study. J Med Internet Res. 2020; 22(9): 1-13.
  • Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 287: 112934-39.
  • Suliman WA, Abu-Moghli FA, Khalaf I, Zumot AF, Nabolsi M. Experiences of nursing students under the unprecedented abrupt online learning format forced by the national curfew due to Covid 19: A qualitative research study. Nurse Educ Today. 2021; 100: 104829-36.
  • Rudenstine S, Mcneal K, Schulder T, Ettman CK, Hernandez M, Gvozdieva K, et al. Depression and anxiety during the Covid 19 pandemic in an urban, low-income public university sample. J Trauma Stress. 2020; 34: 12-22.
  • Topçu AE, Yasak Y, Kalafat T, Dikmeer İA. Covid 19 sürecinde demografik, sosyal, akademik ve hastalıkla ilgili faktörlerin üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik iyi oluşları ile ilişkisi. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama Dergisi. 2021; 17(1): 67-83.
  • Toplum Gönüllüleri Vakfı. [Internet]. Koronavirüs pandemi süreci ve gençlerin ihtiyaçları araştırması. İstanbul; 2020 [Updated: 2020 Jan; Cited 2021 Jan 21]. Avaliable from: https://www.tog.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Koronavir%C3%BCs-Pandemi-S%C3%BCreci-ve-Gen%C3%A7lerin-%C4%B0htiya%C3%A7lar%C4%B1 ra%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmas%C4%B1.pdf.
  • Chi X, Liang K, Chen ST, Huang Q, Huang L, Yu Q, et al. Mental health problems among chinese adolescents during the Covid 19: The importance of nutrition and physical activity. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. 2021; 21(3): 100218-28.
  • Doza B, Shammi M, Bahlman L, Reza A, Islam T, Rahman M. Psychosocial and socio-economic crisis in Bangladesh due to Covid 19 pandemic: a perception-based Aassessment. Front Public Health. 2020; 8(1): 341-58.
  • Wathelet M, Duhem S, Vaiva G, Thierry Baubet, Habran E, Veerapa E, et al. Factors associated with mental health disorders among university students in France cconfined during the Covid 19 pandemic. Jama Network Open. 2020; 3(10): 25591-604.
  • Davies EB, Morriss R, Glazebrook C. Computer-delivered and web-based interventions to improve depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being of university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2014; 16(5): 1-22.
  • Pankow K, Mchugh TF, Mosewich AD, Holt NL. Mental health protective factors among flourishing Canadian women university student-athletes. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2021; 52: 101847-59.
  • Student Minds. [Internet]. Planning for a Sustainable Future; 2020. [Updated 2020; Cited 2022 Marc 31]. Available from: https://www.studentminds.org.uk/charter sustainablefuture.html.
  • World Health Organization. [Internet]. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. 2020 [Updated: 2020 Jul; Cited 2022 March 31]. Avaliable from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf.
  • Long D, Graves D, Burton J, Kin C, Watson C, Mullen L, et al.COVID-19 planning guide and self-assessment for higher education [Internet]. 2020. [Updatede: 2020 Jun 12; Cited 2022 March 18] Available from: https://www.opensmartedu.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Covid-19-Planning-Guide-for-Higher-Education.pdf.
  • Kent Üniversitesi Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Birimi. [Internet]. [Cited 2022 March 31]. Available from: https://www.kent.edu.tr/rehberlik-ve-psikolojik-danismanlik-birimi-001418.
  • İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi. [Internet]. Covid-19 ve Ruh Sağlığı; [Cited 2022 March 19]. Avaliable from: https://www.bilgi.edu.tr/tr/yasam/birim-ve-hizmetler/psikolojik-danismanlik/covid19-ve-ruh-sagligi/.

An Evaluation on the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of University Students

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 566 - 572, 20.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1174409

Öz

The COVID-19 pandemic, which has been affecting the world for about two years, is causing unprecedented global effects in the history. The COVID-19 pandemic process has brought the concept of "new normal" to the agenda in the world and has led to radical changes in all areas of life. With the concept of new normal, measures have been taken in the social, economic, political and health fields worldwide. Since the first days of the pandemic in order to prevent the spread of infection, measures such as compulsory quarantine, restriction, physical distance rules and social isolation have been included in the life. Among these measures are the termination of face-to-face education and the rapid transition to the distance education system. This rapid transformation of the education system required both educators and students to adapt to the new life situations that brought by the pandemic process and to be included in the system in a short time. It is inevitable that this transformation will affect university students spiritually. The prolongation of the duration of these measures, uncertainty and the limitation of freedom cause psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depressive mood, difficulty in attention and focus, sleep and eating disorders due to stress and anxiety in the students. In this review article, it is aimed to reveal the current information about the psychological effects of the pandemic, the psychological effects of university students who are a vulnerable group, and to examine possible solution proposals with the light of current literature.

Kaynakça

  • World Health Organization. [Internet]. Suicide: who is at risk?, Switzerland; 2021 [Updated: 2021 June 17; Cited 2021 July 3]. Avaliable from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. [Internet]. Genel koronavirus tablosu. Ankara; 2021 [Updated: 2022 Jan 4; Cited 2022 Jan 4]. Avaliable from: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66935/genel-koronavirus-tablosu.html.
  • Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020; 395(10224): 565-74.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. [Internet]. Covid-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu. Ankara; 2022 [Updated: 2022; Cited 2022 March 28]. Avaliable from: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/TR-66259/halka-yonelik.html.
  • Jiao WY, Wang LN, Liu J, Fang SF, Jiao FY, Mantovani MP et al. Behavioral and emotional disorders in children during the Covid 19 epidemic. European Pediatirc Asssociation. 2020; 221: 264-66.
  • Sahu P. Closure of, universities due to coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid 19): impact on education and mental health of students and academic staff. Cureus. 2020; 12(4): 2-5.
  • Yüksekdağ BB. Uzaktan hemşirelik eğitimine ilişkin algılar. Eğitim Teknoloji Kuram ve Uygulama. (2020); 10(2): 490-503.
  • Faisal RA, Jobe MC, Ahmed O, Sharker T. Mental health status, anxiety, and depression levels of bangladeshi university students during the Covid 19 pandemic. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022; 20(13): 1500-515.
  • Marques G, Drissi N, Diez IT, Abajo BS, Ouhbi S. Impact of Covid 19 on the psychological health of university students in Spain and their attitudes toward Mobile mental health solutions. International Journal of Medical Informatics. 2021; 147: 104369-72.
  • Husky MM, Kovess-Masfety V, Swendsen JD. Stress and anxiety among university students in France during Covid 19 mandatory confinement. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 2020; 102: 1-12.
  • Karing C. Prevalence and predictors of anxiety, depression and stress among university students during the period of the first lockdown in Germany. J Affect Disord Reports. 2021; 5:100174-83.
  • Rogowska A, Kusnierz C, Boksczanin A. Examining anxiety, life satisfaction, general health, stress and coping styles during Covid 19 pandemic in Polish sample of university students. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. 2020; 13: 797-811.
  • Alateeq DA, Aljhani S, Althiyabi I, Majzoub S. Mental health among healthcare providers during coronavirus disease (Covid 19) outbreak in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health. 2020; 13(10): 1432–37.
  • Şahin CU, Aydın M, Kulakaç N. Anxiety, motivation, stress levels and associated factors among university students in the Covid-19 pandemic. Cyprus J Med Sci. 2022; 7(1): 94-101.
  • Ahammed B, Jahan N, Seddeque A, Hossain T, Shovo TE, Khan B et al. Exploring the association between mental health and subjective sleep quality during the Covid 19 pandemic among Bangladeshi university students. Heliyon. 2021; 7(5): 1-8.
  • Jiang R. Knowledge, attitudes and mental health of university students during the Covid 19 pandemic in China. Child and Youth Services Review. 2020; 119:105494-500.
  • Savage MJ, James R, Magistro D, Donaldson J, Healy LC, Nevill M, et al. Mental health and movement behaviour during the Covid 19 pandemic in UK university students: Prospective cohort study. Ment Health Phys Act. 2020; 19: 100357-63.
  • Tao S, Wu X, Li S, Ma L, Yu Y, Sun G, et al. Circadian rhythm abnormalities during the Covid 19 outbreak related to mental health in China: a nationwide university-based survey. Sleep Medicine. 2021; 84: 16-72.
  • Wathelet M, Duhem S, Vaiva G, Thierry Baubet, Habran E, Veerapa E, et al. Factors associated with mental health disorders among university students in France cconfined during the Covid 19 pandemic. Jama Network Open. 2020; 3(10): 25591-604.
  • Zeng Y, Wang G, Xie C, Hu X, Reinhardt JD. Prevalence and correlates of depression, anxiety and symptoms of stress in vocational college nursing students from sichuan, China: a cross-sectional study. Psychol Health Med. 2019; 24(7): 798-811.
  • Kaparounaki CK, Patsali ME, Mousa DV, Papadopoulou EVK, Papadopoulou KKK, Fountoulakis KN. University students’ mental health amidst the Covid-19 quarantine in Greece. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 290: 1-3.
  • World Health Organization. [Internet]. Covid-19 pandemic triggers 25 increase in prevalence of anxiety and depression woldwide. [Updated: 2022 Marc 2; Cited 2022 March 31]. Avaliable from: https://www.who.int/news/item/02-03-2022-covid-19-pandemic-triggers-25-increase-in-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-worldwide
  • European Psychiatric Association. [Internet]. World suicide prevention day. USA; 2019 [Updated: 2019 Sep 10; Cited 2021 July 21]. Avaliable from: https://www.europsy.net/?s=suicide.
  • Firth J, Torous J, Nicholas J, Carney R, Rosenbaum S, Sarris J. Can smartphone mental health interventions reduce symptoms of anxiety? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Affect Disord. 2017; 15(218): 15-22.
  • Son C, Hegde S, Smith A, Wang X, Sasangohar F. Effects of Covid 19 on college students’ mental health in the United States: Interview survey study. J Med Internet Res. 2020; 22(9): 1-13.
  • Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the Covid-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 287: 112934-39.
  • Suliman WA, Abu-Moghli FA, Khalaf I, Zumot AF, Nabolsi M. Experiences of nursing students under the unprecedented abrupt online learning format forced by the national curfew due to Covid 19: A qualitative research study. Nurse Educ Today. 2021; 100: 104829-36.
  • Rudenstine S, Mcneal K, Schulder T, Ettman CK, Hernandez M, Gvozdieva K, et al. Depression and anxiety during the Covid 19 pandemic in an urban, low-income public university sample. J Trauma Stress. 2020; 34: 12-22.
  • Topçu AE, Yasak Y, Kalafat T, Dikmeer İA. Covid 19 sürecinde demografik, sosyal, akademik ve hastalıkla ilgili faktörlerin üniversite öğrencilerinin psikolojik iyi oluşları ile ilişkisi. Eğitimde Kuram ve Uygulama Dergisi. 2021; 17(1): 67-83.
  • Toplum Gönüllüleri Vakfı. [Internet]. Koronavirüs pandemi süreci ve gençlerin ihtiyaçları araştırması. İstanbul; 2020 [Updated: 2020 Jan; Cited 2021 Jan 21]. Avaliable from: https://www.tog.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Koronavir%C3%BCs-Pandemi-S%C3%BCreci-ve-Gen%C3%A7lerin-%C4%B0htiya%C3%A7lar%C4%B1 ra%C5%9Ft%C4%B1rmas%C4%B1.pdf.
  • Chi X, Liang K, Chen ST, Huang Q, Huang L, Yu Q, et al. Mental health problems among chinese adolescents during the Covid 19: The importance of nutrition and physical activity. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology. 2021; 21(3): 100218-28.
  • Doza B, Shammi M, Bahlman L, Reza A, Islam T, Rahman M. Psychosocial and socio-economic crisis in Bangladesh due to Covid 19 pandemic: a perception-based Aassessment. Front Public Health. 2020; 8(1): 341-58.
  • Wathelet M, Duhem S, Vaiva G, Thierry Baubet, Habran E, Veerapa E, et al. Factors associated with mental health disorders among university students in France cconfined during the Covid 19 pandemic. Jama Network Open. 2020; 3(10): 25591-604.
  • Davies EB, Morriss R, Glazebrook C. Computer-delivered and web-based interventions to improve depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being of university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2014; 16(5): 1-22.
  • Pankow K, Mchugh TF, Mosewich AD, Holt NL. Mental health protective factors among flourishing Canadian women university student-athletes. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2021; 52: 101847-59.
  • Student Minds. [Internet]. Planning for a Sustainable Future; 2020. [Updated 2020; Cited 2022 Marc 31]. Available from: https://www.studentminds.org.uk/charter sustainablefuture.html.
  • World Health Organization. [Internet]. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. 2020 [Updated: 2020 Jul; Cited 2022 March 31]. Avaliable from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf.
  • Long D, Graves D, Burton J, Kin C, Watson C, Mullen L, et al.COVID-19 planning guide and self-assessment for higher education [Internet]. 2020. [Updatede: 2020 Jun 12; Cited 2022 March 18] Available from: https://www.opensmartedu.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Covid-19-Planning-Guide-for-Higher-Education.pdf.
  • Kent Üniversitesi Rehberlik ve Psikolojik Danışmanlık Birimi. [Internet]. [Cited 2022 March 31]. Available from: https://www.kent.edu.tr/rehberlik-ve-psikolojik-danismanlik-birimi-001418.
  • İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi. [Internet]. Covid-19 ve Ruh Sağlığı; [Cited 2022 March 19]. Avaliable from: https://www.bilgi.edu.tr/tr/yasam/birim-ve-hizmetler/psikolojik-danismanlik/covid19-ve-ruh-sagligi/.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hemşirelik
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Arzu Dikici 0000-0003-0077-9264

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Eylül 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Dikici A. COVID-19 Pandemisinin Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Ruh Sağlığına Etkisi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. SABD. 2022;12(3):566-72.