Diseases and Ancient DNA: Past and Today

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 41 - 50, 01.02.2019

Ezgi Gizem Berkay Can Veysel Şoroğlu Burçak Vural

Öz

From the anthropological and archaeological materials coming from the past to the present day, new scientific fields such as anthropogenetics-archaeogenetics have come into our lives. The study of the human genome and genes, regions associated with diseases in ancient DNA has been able to provide the better understanding the paths, the changes and the interactions in human diseases from different perspectives. In this way, new perspectives have emerged in approach to diseases, diagnosis and treatment. Denisovan, neanderthal and modern human genomes are sequenced,the resultant information is compared with each other and kinship relations between human (homo) kinds are determined. Nutritional changes and lifestyle depending on the period and environment, change in susceptibility to diseases. Relationship between the occurrence of thalassemia gene mutations and the outbreaks of plasmodium; atherosclerotic heart disease, which is one of the most common health problem nowadays, is not only related to sedentary lifestyle but also can be seen in ancient times; immunological and rheumatological diseases are also common in all historical ages. All these results have been shown with aDNA studies

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ancient DNA, anthropogenetics, archaeogenetics, disease

Hastalıklar ve Antik DNA: Dün ve Bugün

Öz

Geçmişten günümüze gelen antropolojik ve arkeolojik materyallerden DNA eldesi ile birlikte ortaya çıkan antik DNA (aDNA) kavramıyla antropogenetik-arkeogenetik gibi yeni bilim dalları ve çalışma alanları hayatımıza girmiştir. İnsan genomunda hastalıklar ile ilişkilendirilmiş genler ve gen bölgelerinin de antik DNA ile çalışılmaya başlanması, hastalıkların geçmişten günümüze olan yolculuğunu ve geçirdiği değişimleri farklı açılardan anlamamızı sağlamıştır. Bu sayede hastalıklara yaklaşımda, tanı ve tedavide yeni bakış açıları ortaya çıkmaktadır. Denisova insanı, neandertal insanı ve modern insan genomları dizinlenerek elde edilen bilgiler birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmakta, insan (homo) türleri arasındaki akrabalık ilişkileri belirlenebilmektedir. Beslenme farklılıkları, yaşanılan dönem ve çevreye bağlı olarak hastalıklara yatkınlıkta değişiklikler; talasemi gen mutasyonlarının ortaya çıktığı zaman ile plasmodium salgınlarının ilişkisi; günümüzün en sık karşılaşılan sağlık sorunlarından aterosklerotik kalp hastalığının sadece sedanter yaşam ile ilişkili olmayıp eski çağlarda da görülebildiği; immünolojik ve romatolojik hastalıkların her çağda yaygın olduğu da antik DNA çalışmaları ile gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antik DNA, antropogenetik, arkeogenetik, hastalık

Kaynakça

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