Komuta Kontrol Fonksiyon Alanı ve Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri İçin Öneriler

Öz

Komuta ve kontrol fonksiyon alanının özü ve Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri için öneriler bu çalışmada ele alınmaktadır. Düşmandan daha hızlı karar alma ve uygulama yeteneği, gelecekteki muharebe sahası başarısının anahtarındandır. Etkili ve esnek komuta ve kontrol, siber, elektromanyetik ve bilgi alanlarındaki faaliyetleri entegre ederek askeri operasyonları planlamak ve yürütmek için gereklidir. Devrim niteliğindeki teknolojiler ve yeni uygulamalar, donanım, yazılım ve kullanıcı boyutlarında değerlendirildiğinde savaş teorilerini değiştirebilir. Komuta ve kontrolün dört ana işlevi -durumsal farkındalık, planlama, karar verme ve yürütme- çok önemlidir. Yetenek geliştirme için dört ana alan; Öğrenme ve Adaptasyon, Esneklik ve Çeviklik, Yenilik Teşvik ve Özümseme Kapasitesi ve Birlikte Çalışabilirlik ve Entegrasyon Kapasitesidir. Görev komutası, ağ merkezli harp, müşterek harekât komuta kontrolü ve mozaik harp gibi modern uygulamalar öne çıkmaktadır. Türkiye'de ise Ağ Destekli Yetenek, Tek Asker Sistemleri, Muharebe Yönetim Sistemleri, Mobil Komuta Kontrol Sistemleri, Karar Destek Asistanları, Entegre Komuta Kontrol Sistemleri dahilinde Katmanlı Hava Savunma Mimarisi, Uzay Harekatı Komuta Kontrol Merkezleri ve Deniz Komuta Kontrol Yetenekleri gibi gelişmeler kaydedilmiştir. Teknolojik silahlar savaşları kazanmak için tek başına yeterli olmayabileceğinden, benzersiz ve doğru bir komuta kontrol sisteminin uygun şekilde kurulması çok önemlidir. Böyle bir sistemin geliştirilmesi için önerilen eylemler dokümantasyon, personel ve liderlik ve organizasyon başlıkları altında toplanmıştır. Özetle, gelecekteki savaşlarda çok çeşitli tehditlerle başa çıkabilecek bir komuta ve kontrol sistemi, düşman eylemlerine art arda veya aynı anda hızlı ve etkili bir şekilde karşı koyacak şekilde yapılandırılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Komuta Kontrol,
• Yetkin Veri,
• Harp Teknolojileri,
• Konsept,
• Doktrin,
• Yapay Zeka

Teşekkür

Makale yazım sürecinde yardımlarını hiç bir zaman esirgemeyen Dr. Mürsel Doğrul ve manevi desteği ile kıymetli eşim Prof.Dr. Sevilay Oğuz Kiliç’a teşekkürlerimi sunarım.

COMMAND AND CONTROL FUNCTION SPACE AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE TURKISH ARMED FORCES

Öz

The essence of the command and control function space and recommendations for the Turkish Armed Forces are discussed in this study. The ability to make and execute decisions faster than the enemy is key to future battlefield success. Effective and flexible command and control is essential to plan and execute military operations, integrating activities in the cyber, electromagnetic and information domains. Revolutionary technologies and new applications can change the theories of warfare when evaluated in terms of hardware, software and user dimensions. The four main functions of command and control - situational awareness, planning, decision-making and execution - are crucial. The four main areas for capability development are learning and adaptability, flexibility and agility, innovation promotion and absorption capacity, and interoperability and integration capacity. Modern applications such as mission command, network-centric warfare, joint operational command and control and mosaic warfare stand out. In Turkey, developments such as Network Enabled Capability, Single Soldier Systems, Battle Management Systems, Mobile Command and Control Systems, Decision Support Assistants, Layered Air Defence Architecture within Integrated Command and Control Systems, Space Operations Command and Control Centres and Naval Command and Control Capabilities have been achieved. Since technological weapons may not be enough to win wars, it is very important to properly establish a unique and accurate command and control system. The actions proposed for the development of such a system are grouped under the headings of documentation, personnel and leadership and organisation. In summary, a command and control system capable of dealing with a wide range of threats in future wars must be configured to quickly and effectively counter enemy actions, either successively or simultaneously..

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Command and Control,
• Authorative Data,
• Warfare Technologies,
• Concept,
• Doctrine,
• Artificial Intelligence

Kaynakça

1. Akangöl, M. (2021). “Katmanlı Hava Savunma Mimarisi İçerisinde Entegre Komuta Kontrol Sistemleri”, Aselsan Dergi,109, 68-69 Erişim adresi: https://wwwcdn.aselsan.com/api/file/22021_4611.pdf
2. Akarı, S., Topçu, O., Kılıç, Y. ve Dalkıran, E. (2015), “Komuta Kontrolde Karar Verme”, Deniz Kuvvetleri Dergisi, 623.
3. Alberts, D. S. (2002), “Information Age Transformation: Getting to a 21st Century Military”, USA DoD Command and Control Research Program, Erişim adresi: http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Alberts_IAT.pdf
4. Alberts, D. S. ve Hayes, R. E. (2003). “Power to the Edge: Command, Control in the Information Age”, Information Age Transformation Series, Erişim adresi: http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Alberts_Power.pdf
5. Alberts, D. S., Garstka, J. J. ve Stein, F. P. (2000) Network Centric Warfare: Developing and Leveraging Information Superiority, USA DoD C4ISR Cooperative Research Program, 2nd Edition (Revised) CCRP publication series., Second Printing.
6. Andas, H. (7 April 2020), “Emerging Technology Trends for Defence and Security”, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI)., Erişim adresi: https://www.ffi.no/en/publications-archive/emerging-technology-trends-for-defence-and-security
7. Anonim (2017). “Think About its Future?”, USA National Defense University - Joint Forces Staff College, Joint Advanced Warfighting School, Norfolk, VA 23511-1702
8. Anonim (2019). “Summary of the 2018 Department of Defense Artificial Intelligence Strategy: Harnessing AI to Advance Our Security and Prosperity”. Erişim adresi: https://media.defense.gov/2019/Feb/12/2002088963/-1/-1/1/SUMMARY-OF-DOD-AI-STRATEGY.PDF , Washington, DC: USA Department of Defense.

9. Barnett ,J. (2020). “For military AI to reach the battlefield, there are more than just software challenges”, “FedScoop” Erişim adresi: https://www.fedscoop.com/military-ai-hardware-in-battle/
10. Black, J., Lucas, R., Kennedy, J., Hughes, M. ve Fine Harper (January 2024), “Command and Control in the Future Concept Paper 1: Grappling with Complexity”, Rand Europe, Research Report prepared for the Development Concepts and Doctrine Center (DCDC), Santa Monica, Calif., Erişim adresi: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA2476-1.html
11. Callegaro, A. (13 March 2017). “Why Innovation and Technology Aren’t the Same”. UN Refugee Agency Innovation Service, https://www.unhcr.org/innovation/innovation-technology-arent-the-same/
12. Carberry, S. (2023). “Joint All-Domain Command, Control A Journey, Not a Destination”, Erişim adresi: https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2023/7/10/joint-all-domain-command-control-a-journey-not-a-destination
13. Clausewitz, K., (1976). On War, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey
14. Cohen, R. S., Chandler, N., Efron, S., Frederick, B., Han, E., Klein, K., Morgan, F. E., Rhoades, A. L., Shatz, H. J. ve Shokh, Y. (2020). “The Future of Warfare in 2030”, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif, Erişim adresi: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2849z1.html
15. Colmer, A. (5- 6 March 2019). “Agile Command & Control”, .Australian Goverment DoD Scıence and Technology Emergıng Dısruptıve Technology Assessment Symposıum, Noetic Group, Perth, Australia.
16. Congressional Research Service Report (January, 2022). “Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2)”, Erişim Adresi: https://crsreports.congress.gov
17. Conlan, E., Lucas, R., Harrison, S., Black, J., Fawkes, B., Martin, B., Alan ve Keedwell, E. (2024). “Command and Control in the Future: Concept Paper 3 – Command and Control as a Capability”. RAND Corporation. Santa Monica, Calif. Erişim adresi: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA2476-3.html.
18. Couch, N. ve Robins, B. (September 2013). “Big Data for Defence and Security”, UK Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), RUSI Occasional Paper.
19. Dahl, E. J. (Spring 2002). “Network Centric Warfare and the Death of Operational Art,” The faculty of the Joint Military Operations Department, United States Naval War College, Defence Studies, 2 (1), doi: 10.1080/14702430208405009
20. Dempsey, M. (2012). Capstone Concept for Joint Operations: Joint Force 2020, Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office.
21. Deptula, D. A. ve Heather, P. (2019). “Mosaic Warfare”, Erişim adresi: https://www.airforcemag.com/article/mosaic-warfare/
22. Devcom. (t.y.). Erişim adresi: https://c5isrcenter.devcom.army.mil/
23. Dodd, L., ve Geoff, M. (2012). “C2 Agility, Different Models of Change and Reasoning with Time. 17th ICCRTS: ‘Operationalising C2 Agility”, Erişim adresi: http://dodccrp.org/events/17th_iccrts_2012/post_conference/papers/014.pdf.
24. Doğan, Ö. ve Aktaş, İ. (2021). “Mobil Komuta Kontrol Sistemleri”, Aselsan Dergi, 109, 52-55
25. Gray, C. (2002). Strategy for Chaos: Revolutions in Military Affairs and the Evidence of History, Frank Cass Publishers, London.
26. Hoehn, J. R., Campbel, C. (14 November 2022). “Defense Primer: What Is Command and Control?”, Congressional Research Service, Erişim adresi: https://crsreports.congress.gov.
27. Howarth, J. (24 January 2024). “6 Military Technology Trends to Watch (2024-2027)”, Erişim adresi: https://explodingtopics.com/blog/military-technology-trends.
28. Hukill, J., Carter, L., Johnson, S., Lizzol, J., Redman, E. ve Yannakogeorgos, P., (01 July 2012). “Air Force Command and Control: The Need for Increased Adaptability”, Maxwell AFB, AL: Air University Press. Erişim adresi: https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/AUPress/Display/Article/3028839/air-force-command-and-control-the-need-for-increased-adaptability/
29. Ionita, C. (2020). “The “Mosaic” Warfare: A New Amerıcan Strategy For The Future”, Romania Natıonal Defence University Centre For Defence and Securıty Strategıc Studies, Strategıc Impact No. 2/2020.
30. Ionita, C. (2021). Multi-Domain Operations Versus The Mosaic Warfare, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova.
31. Jensen, B. ve Paschkewıtz, J. (2019). “Mosaic Warfare: Small and Scalable are Beautiful”, Erişim adresi: https://warontherocks.com/2019/12/mosaic-warfare-small-and-scalable-are-beautiful/.
32. Jiang, N. ve Xu, L., De Vrieze, Paul T., Tian, F. (2012). “A Cloud Based Data Integration Framework”, Conference Paper in IFIP Advances, Information and Communication Technology, doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-32775-9_18
33. Joint Concept Note (JCN) 2/17 (2017). “Future of Command and Control”, The Development, UK MoD Concepts and Doctrine Centre, Shrivenham, Erişim adresi: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a81c7a040f0b62305b90c42/concepts_uk_future_c2_jcn_2_17.pdf
34. Joint Doctrine Publication 5 (2012). “Command and Control”, Ministry of Defence of the Netherlands, Erişim adresi: https://www.defensie.nl/downloads/publicaties/2012/03/16/joint-doctrine-publication-5-command-and-control-en.
35. Kabasakaloğlu, İ. M. (2021). “Muharebe Ortamında Sayısal Bilgi Paylaşımı”, Aselsan Dergi, 109, 45-47
36. Kabasakaloğlu, İ. M. ve Yurdakul, C. T. Y. (2021). “Kara Harekatı Yönetiminde Ağ Destekli Çözümler”, Aselsan Dergi, 109, 27-28
37. Leonhard, R. R. (1991). The Art of Maneuver: Maneuver Warfare Theory and AirLand Battle, Presidio Press, Novato, CA.
38. Leonhard, R. R., Buchanan, Thomas H., H., James L., N., John M., ve Galpi,T. J. (2010). “A Concept for Command and Control”, Johns Hopkıns APL Technıcal Digest, 29(2)
39. Lingel, S., Hagen, J., Hastıngs, E., Lee, M., Sargent, M., Walsh, M., Zhang, L. A ve Blancett, D. (2020). “Joint All-Domain Command and Control for Modern Warfare”, Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation. Erişim adresi: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR4408z1.html
40. Linnemann, R. A. (2014). “Network Centrıc Warfare and Joınt Force 2020”, Joint Military Operations Department Naval War College, Erişim adresi: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA609272.pdf.
41. Lucas, R., Conlan, E., Black, J., Kendall, P., Kendall, J., Coulson, S., Carlyon, P., ve Jeffries, L. (January 2024). “Command and Control in the Future: Concept Paper 4”, Rand Europe, Research Report prepared for the Development Concepts and Doctrine Center (DCDC), Santa Monica, Calif., Cambridge, UK. Erişim adresi: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RRA2476-4.html
42. Lucas, R., Wilkinson, B., Black, J., Fusaro, P. ve Stockwell, S. (2022). “Future Command and Control”, RAND Corporation Santa Monica, Calif. Erişim adresi: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA2400/RRA2476-1/RAND_RRA2476-1.pdf
43. Mazilu, O. (2020). “Un proiect al forțelor aeriene ar putea schimba radical războaiele”, Erişim adresi: https://playtech.ro/2020/un-proiect-al-fortelor-aeriene-ar-putea-schimba-radical-razboarele/.
44. McCoy, K. (2018). “Competıtıon, Conflıct, and Mental Models of War: What You Need to Know about Multı-Domaın Battle”, Erişim adresi: https://mwi.westpoint.edu/competition-conflict-mental-models-war-need-know-multi-domain-battle.
45. Murray, W. R. ve Millett, A. R. (1996). Military Innovatıon In The Interwar Period, Cambridge University Press
46. Novakouski, M. ve Lewis, G. (2024). “Operating at the Edge”, Carnegıe Mellon University Software Engineering Institute, Erişim adresi: https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/blog/operating-at-the-edge.
47. O’Shaughnessy, T. J. (2020). “Decision Superiority Through Joint All-Domain Command and Control”, Erişim adresi: https://ndupress.ndu.edu/Portals/68/Documents/jfq/jfq-99/jfq-99_74 80_OShaughnessy.pdf?ver=QtDC2cUSMh2klWRIM6tsFw%3D%3D
48. Ponzio, F. J. (2003). “Authoritative Data Source (ADS) Framework, Symbolic Systems”, Erişim adresi: http://mitiq.mit.edu/ICIQ/Documents/IQ%20Conference%202004/Papers/AuthoritativeDataSourceFramework.pdf
49. Priebe, M., Douglas, C. L., McClintock, B., Spirtas, M., Schwindt, K., Lee, C., Rhoades, A. L., Eaton, D., Hodgson, Q. E. ve Rooney, B. (2020). “Multiple Dilemmas: Challenges and Options for All-Domain Command and Control.” RAND Corporation, Erişim adresi: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RRA300/RRA381-1/RAND_RRA381-1.pdf
50. Schneider, F., Mathiassen, K., Bounker, P., Glówka, J., Tiderko, A., B., M., Kozik, R., Röning, J.J. ve De Cubber, G. (June 2021). “Capability Concept Demonstrator for Interoperability within Unmanned Ground Systems and C2” NATO Science And Technology Organizatıon Technical Report , Erişim adresi: https://www.sto.nato.int/publications/STO%2520Technical%2520Reports/STO-TR-IST-149/%24%24TR-IST-149-ALL.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjj7IHQp6aIAxU6SvEDHSIDOlIQFnoECBMQAQ&usg=AOvVaw0rxLjQMybTihaj78gRW-Ql
51. SST Deniz Sistemleri Program Direktörlüğü (2021). “VATOZ Deniz Komuta Kontrol Yetenekleri”, Aselsan Dergi, 109, 112
52. Şengöz, M. (2021).“Yapay Zekâ Tabanlı Sistemlerden Üretilen Teknolojilerin Askeri Harekâtın Sevk ve İdaresinde Kullanılmasına Yönelik Bir Değerlendirme.” Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 11(4), 2159-2174,
53. Şimşek, M. ve Türksev, M. C. (2021). “YAKUD Yakın Uzay Durumsal Farkındalık: Uzay Harekât Komuta Kontrol Merkezi”, Aselsan Dergi, 109, 105
54. Uppal, R. (15 January 2023). “Militaries moving from C4ISR and C5ISR to C6ISR”, Erişim adresi: https://idstch.com/technology/electronics/militaries-moving-from-c4isr-and-c5isr-to-c6isr. USA National Intelligence Council (NIC) (April 2021). “The Future of the Battlefield”, Erişim adresi: https://www.dni.gov/files/images/globalTrends/GT2040/NIC-2021-02493--Future-of-the-Battlefield--Unsourced--14May21.pdf
55. Üstündağ, İ. ve Yurdakul, C. T. (2021). “Hamle Hareket Tarzı Geliştiren Yapay Zekâlı Komutan Asistanı”, Aselsan Dergi,109, 57
56. Van Creveld, M. (1985). Command in War, Harvard University Press, Cambridge
57. Wilkinson, J. R. (2017).“Want to Play a Game? How Should DIA use the Intelligence Simulation Center to Think About its Future?”, USA National Defense University - Joint Forces Staff College, Joint Advanced Warfighting School, Norfolk, Erişim adresi: https://www.hsdl.org/c/view%3Fdocid%3D805210&ved=2ahUKEwjq4uLFqKaIAxV9SvEDHSvdAwgQFnoECBcQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3Rx8qt30-H_xMjms-eU0os
58. Williams A. P. ve Scharre P. D. (2015). “Autonomous Systems: Issues for Defence Policymakers” NATO, Capability Engineering and Innovation Division, Headquarters Supreme Allied Commander Transformation Norfolk USA, Erişim adresi: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282338125_Autonomous_Systems_Issues_for_Defence_Policymakers/citation/download.
59. Yahşi, Z. (2021), “Kara Görev Kuvvetlerinin Yeni Üyesi: CENKER Tek Er Sistemi”, Aselsan Dergi, 109, 42.