Pressure injury and prevention in children

Öz

Pressure injuries, an preventable health issue, serve as a critical indicator of hospital care quality and are frequently encountered in healthcare settings. In children, factors such as a thinner epidermis, particularly the stratum corneum, a higher body surface-to-body weight ratio compared to adults, lower levels of elastin and collagen fibers, immature dermal circulation, and an underdeveloped vasomotor system, as well as being treated in intensive care units (ICU), the use of medical devices, and incontinence, increase susceptibility to pressure injuries. In addition to physical consequences such as pain, discomfort, functional impairment, and infection, pressure injuries in children can lead to psychological outcomes, including negative body image, low self-esteem, social isolation, and decreased quality of life. Preventing the development of pressure injuries in children requires a multidisciplinary team approach grounded in a holistic care model. Therefore, it is essential for healthcare professionals to accurately assess children at risk, provide effective skin care, ensure adequate and balanced nutrition/hydration, and implement evidence-based care bundles for pressure injury management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pressure injury
• child
• neonates
• prevention
• assessment

Çocuklarda basınç yaralanmaları ve önlenmesi

Öz

ÖZ Basınç yaralanmaları, önlenebilir bir sağlık sorunu olup, hastanelerin bakım kalitesinin önemli bir göstergesi olarak kabul edilir ve sağlık hizmetlerinde sıklıkla karşılaşılan bir sağlık sorunudur. Çocuklarda epidermisin, özellikle stratum korneumunun daha ince olması, vücut yüzeyinin vücut ağırlığına oranının yetişkinlere göre daha fazla olması, elastin ve kollajen liflerinin daha az bulunması, olgunlaşmamış dermal dolaşım ve vazomotor sisteme sahip olmaları, yoğun bakım ünitelerinde (YBÜ) tedavi edilmek, tıbbi cihazların kullanımı, inkontinans gibi çeşitli faktörler, çocuklarda basınç yaralanmalarına yatkınlığı artırır. Çocuklarda basınç yaralanmaları, ağrı, huzursuzluk, fonksiyon kaybı ve enfeksiyon gibi fiziksel sonuçların yanı sıra, olumsuz beden imajı, düşük benlik saygısı, sosyal izolasyon ve düşük yaşam kalitesi gibi psikolojik sonuçlara da yol açabilir. Çocuklarda basınç yaralanmalarının gelişimini önlemek, bütüncül bir bakım anlayışına sahip multidisipliner bir ekip yaklaşımını gerektirmektedir. Bu nedenle, sağlık profesyonellerinin, risk altındaki çocukları doğru şekilde değerlendirmesi, etkili cilt bakımı, yeterli ve dengeli beslenme/hidrasyon sağlaması ve basınç yönetiminde kanıta dayalı bakım paketlerini kullanması büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Basınç yaralanması
• çocuk
• yenidoğanlar
• önleme
• değerlendirme

Kaynakça

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