Mustard grubu kimyasal savaş ajanları ve klinik etkileri

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 4, 322 - 331, 01.12.2017

Fatih Kalkan Ömer Aykutluğ Turgut Topal

Öz

Mustard gazı geçtiğimiz yüzyıl içerisinde en çok kullanılan, yüz binlerce insanın ölümüne ve yaralanmasına yol açan vezikan ajanlar olarak sınıflandırılan kimyasal silah grubudur. Sülfür mustard (SM) ve analoğu olan Nitrojen mustard (NM)bu gruba dahil iki kimyasal ajandır. İçinde bulunduğumuz orta doğu ve yakın coğrafyadaki İran, Irak, Libya, Suriye gibi ülkelerin elinde tonlarca sülfür mustard gazı bulunduğu ve bunun bölge ülkeleri için çok ciddi bir tehdit olduğu artık herkes tarafından bilinen bir gerçektir. Ortaya çıkardığı devasa etkiler nedeniyle mustard gazı “savaş gazlarının kralı”ünvanınıalmıştır. Tarih sürecinde ilk defa 1.Dünya Savaşı’nda kullanılmış olan mustard gazı, takip eden yıllar içerisinde defalarca silahlı mücadelelerde kullanılmış asker ve sivillerin kitlesel ölümüne ve yaralanmasına neden olmuştur. Elde edilmesi, depolanması ve kullanımı konusundaki kolaylık mustard gazının tercih edilmesinin en önemli nedenleridir. Mortaliteden çok mobiditeye neden olmasımustard gazının bir savaş ajanı olarak tercih edilmesinin diğer nedenidir. Bu nedenle devletler yıllarca yaralıların bakımıyla uğraşmış ve bu durum maddi ve manevi bir yıkıma neden olmuştur. Oldukça yüksek toksisiteye sahip olması maruz kalınan doz ile doğru orantılı olarak ani ölümleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. Başlıca etkilerini göz, akciğer ve deri üzerinde gösteren mustard gazı kanser oluşumu da dahil olmak üzere vücutta birçok hasara yol açmaktadır. Nitrojen mustard kimyasal yapısı ve oluşturmuş olduğu toksisite bakımından SM ile büyük ölçüde benzerlik göstermektedir. Oluşturmuş olduğu etkiler nedeniyle kullanımı yasaklanmıştır. Kullanımı sonrasında yaralanan kişiler üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar kemoterapötik bir ajan olarak kullanılabileceği sonucunu doğurmuştur. Antidotu bulunmayan tek kimyasal ajan olması nedeniyle yaklaşık yarım yüzyıldır üzerinde yürütülen antidot geliştirme çabaları belli bir düzeye kadar gelmiştir ancak bu konuda halen alınması gereken önemli mesafeler bulunmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sülfür Mustard, Nitrojen Mustard, Kimyasal silah, Toksisite

Mustard group chemical warfare agents and clinical effects

Öz

Mustard gas is the most used chemical weapon group in the past century, which is classified as a vesicant agent
that leads to the death and injury of hundreds of thousands of people. Sulfur mustard (SM) and its analogue
Nitrogen mustard (NM) are the two chemical agents involved in this group. This is a fact known by everyone that
Iran, Iraq, Libya, Syria like countries in the middle east and close geography have tons of sulfur mustard gas in
the hands which is a serious threat to the countries of the region.
Due to the enormous effects that it has caused, mustard gas has taken the title of “king of the battle gasses”.
Mustard gas, which was used in World War I for the first time in history, has caused massive deaths and injuries of
soldiers and civilians, which have been used repeatedly in armed struggles over the following years. The convenience
of obtaining, storing and using is the most important reason why mustard gas is preferred as a waragent. More
morbidity than mortality is the another reason why it is preferred as a war agent. Because of this feature, states
have been dealing with the care of the wounded for years and have suffered material and spiritual destruction.
Having a fairly high toxicity also leads to sudden deaths in direct proportion to the exposure dose. Mustard gas,
which shows its major effects on the eyes, lungs and skin, leads to many damage to the body including cancer
formation. Mustard gas, which shows its major effects on the eyes, lungs and skin, leads to many pathological
damage in the body, including cancer. Nitrogen mustard has great similarity to SM in terms of chemical structure
and toxicity. The use of NM is prohibited after World War II, due to the effects that it has formed. Studies on
injured people after use have resulted in a possible use as a chemotherapeutic agent.
Due to the fact that it is the only chemical agent with no antidote, the efforts to develop antidote for about half a
century have reached a certain level, but there is stil considerable distance to be taken in this respect.

Anahtar Kelimeler

SulfurMustard, NitrogenMustard, Chemicalweapon, Toxicity

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