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Yetim İlaçların (Orphan Drugs-Nadir Hastalıklarda Kullanılan İlaçlar) Türkiye’de ve Dünyadaki Durumu

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 196 - 201, 01.08.2017

Öz

Nadir hastalıklar büyük çoğunluğu genetik kaynaklı olmak üzere, görülme sıklığı düşük (yaşamı tehdit eden veya kronik olarak zayıflatan bunun sonucunda erken ölümlere sebep olabilen ve bireyin yaşam kalitesinde veya sosyoekonomik potansiyelinde gözle görülür düşüşler yaratan hastalık ya da bozukluklar olarak tanımlamaktadır. Yetim ilaç ise; nadir görülen bozuklukların tedavisinde kullanılan bu ilaçlara verilen terimdir; çünkü etkilenen hasta sayısı o kadar azdır ki araştırma geliştirme ve pazarlamaya yatırım yapmak ya da onları pazarlamak karlı değildir. Yetim ilaçlar dünyanın en pahalı ilaçları olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Nadir hastalıklar sağlık gündemine 1983 yılında ABD’de Yetim İlaç Yönetmeliği yayınladığında girmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda, Türkiye’de yetim ilaçlarla ilgili herhangi bir yönetmelik bulunmadığı ve geliştirilmesi gerektiği, yetim ilaçların yurtdışından Türk Eczacılar Birliği (TEB) aracılığı ile getirildiği ve Sosyal Güvenlik kapsamına alınmadığı dolayısıyla gelir düzeyi düşük hastaların ulaşımının zor olabileceği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır

Kaynakça

  • Şencan, N., Kurt, M., Kaspar, Ç. ve Wertheimer, A. (2014). Eczacılık Fakültelerinde Farmakoekonomi Eğitimi Ve Öğrencilerin Farmakoekonomi İle İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 18, 5-12.
  • Malhan, S., Numanoğlu Tekin, R., Çıraklı, Ü. ve Erdoğdu, S. (2014). Kullanıcıların Bakış Açısıyla İlaç Takip Sistemi. 8. Sağlık ve Hastane Kongresi, 10-12 Eylül 2014, Lefke Avrupa Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, KKTC.
  • Özçelikay, G. (2001). Akılcı İlaç Kullanımı Üzerinde Bir Pilot Çalışma. Ankara Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 9-18.
  • İnternet: IEIS. Dünya İlaç Pazarı. Web: http://www.ieis.org. tr/ieis/tr/indicators/32/dunya-ilac-pazari adresinden 04 Nisan 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • İnternet: IEIS. Türkiye İlaç Pazarı. Web: http://www.ieis.org. tr/ieis/tr/indicators/33/turkiye-ilac-pazariadresinden 15 Mart 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • İnternet: EURORDIS. What is a raredisease? Web: http:// www.eurordis.org/sites/default/files/publications/Fact_ Sheet_RD.pdf adresinden 16 Mart 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • İnternet: IFPMA (International Federation of Pharmeceutical Manıfacturers and Associatitions) The Pharmaceutiacal Industry and Global Health (2017) Facts and Figures Web: http://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/IFPMA- Facts-And-Figures-2017.pdf adresinden 12 Mart 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • İnternet: NORD. History of Leadership (NORD). Web: https:// rarediseases.org/about/what-we-do/history-leadership/ adresinden 15 Mart 2017’dealınmıştır.
  • İnternet: EURORDIS. Who We Are? (About EURORDIS). Web: http://www.eurordis.org/who-we-are adresinden 16 Mart 2017 tarihinden alınmıştır.
  • İnternet: IRDIRC. IRDIRC Goals. Web: http://www.irdirc. org/about-us/goals/ adresinden 18 Mart 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • İnternet: İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Hastalıklar Web: http:// nadirhastaliklar.istanbul.edu.tr/yetim-ilac-nedir/ adresinden 15 Mayıs 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • Berman, J. J. (2014). Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs: Keys to Understanding and Treating the Common Diseases. United States of America: Academic Press.
  • Pryde, D. C. and Groft S. C. (2014). Definitions, History and Regulatory Framework for Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs, Pryde D. C. and Palmer, M. J. (Eds). Orphan Drugs and Rare Diseases (Vol. 38). United Kingdom: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  • Simoens, S. (2011). Pricing And Reimbursement Of Orphan Drugs: The Need For More Transparency. Orphanet Journal Of Rare Diseases, 6(1), 1-8
  • Dündar, M. ve Karabulut S. Y. (2010). Türkiye’de Nadir Hastalıklar ve Yetim İlaçlar: Medikal ve Sosyal Problemler. Erciyes Medical Journal, 32(3), 195-200.
  • Simoens, S.,Cassiman, D., Dooms, M., and Picavet, E. (2012). Orphan Drugs for Rare Diseases. Drugs, 72(11), 1437-1443.
  • Griggs, R. C., Batshaw, M., Dunkle, M., Gopal-Srivastava, R., Kaye, E., Krischer, J. and Merkel, P. A. (2009). Clinical Research For Rare Disease: Opportunities, Challenges, And Solutions. Molecular Genetics And Metabolism, 96(1), 20-26
  • Phillips, D. P. and Bredder, C. C. (2002). Morbidity And Mortality From Medical Errors: An İncreasingly Serious Public Health Problem. Annual Review of Public Health, 23(1), 135-150.
  • Stolk, P., Willemen, M. J., and Leufkens, H. G. (2006). Rare Essentials: Drugs For Rare Diseases As Essential Medicines. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 84(9), 745-751.
  • Rare Diases Act of 2002, Public Law 107-280, United States of America
  • Baldovino, S., Moliner, A. M., Taruscio, D., Daina, E. and Roccatello, D. (2016). Rare Diseases in Europe: from a Wide to a Local Perspective. The Israel Medical Association Journal: IMAJ, 18(6), 359-363)
  • Wästfelt, M., Fadeel, B. And Henter, J. I. (2006). A Journey Of Hope: Lessons Learned From Studies on Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs. Journal of Internal Medicine, 260(1), 1-10.
  • Dear, J. W., Lilitkarntakul, P. and Webb, D. J. (2006). Are Rare Diseases Still Orphans or Happily Adopted? The Challenges of Developing and Using Orphan Medicinal Products. British Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology, 62(3), 264-271.
  • Baulac, M. (2006, 2-6 July). The Concept of Rare or Orphan Diseases in Epilopsy, 7th European Congress on Epileptology, 238, Helsinki
  • Hivert, V., Martin, N., Hanauer, M., & Aymé, S. (2010). New Functionalities İn Orphanet For Orphan Drugs, R&D And Marketing Authorisations To Better Serve The Rare Diseases Community. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 5(1), P25.
  • Anderson, M., Elliott, E. J., and Zurynski, Y. A. (2013). Australian Families Living With Rare Disease: Experiences Of Diagnosis, Health Services Use And Needs For Psychosocial Support. Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 8(1), 1-9
  • Villa, S., Compagni, A. and Reich, M. R. (2009). Orphan Drug Legislation: Lessons For Neglected Tropical Diseases. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 24(1), 27-42
  • Lavandeira, A. (2002). Orphan Drugs: Legal Aspects, Current Situation. Haemophilia, 8(3), 194-198
  • Trouiller, P., Battistella, C., Pinel, J. and Pecoul, B. (1999). Is Orphan Drug Status Beneficial To Tropical Disease Control? Comparison Of The American And Future European Orphan Drug Acts. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 4(6), 412-420.
  • Bloechl-Daum, B., Butlen-Ducuing, F. and Llinares-Garcia, J. (2016). Orphan Drugs For Rare Diseases. In Clinical Pharmacology: Current Topics and Case Studies (pp. 337- 360). Springer International Publishing.
  • European Medicines Agency. (2014). Executive Director’s decision on fee reductions for designated orphan medicinal products. EMA/317270/2014
  • Oo, C., and Rusch, L. M. (2016). A Personal Perspective of Orphan Drug Development For Rare Diseases: A Golden Opportunity or An Unsustainable Future?. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 56(3), 257-259.
  • Picavet, E., Morel, T., Cassiman, D., and Simoens, S. (2014). Shining A Light İn The Black Box Of Orphan Drug Pricing. Orphanet Journal Of Rare Diseases, 9(1), 1-10.
  • Hughes, D. A. and Poletti-Hughes, J. (2016). Profitability and Market Value of Orphan Drug Companies: A Retrospective, Propensity-Matched Case-Control Study. Plos One, 11(10), 1-10
  • Schieppati, A., Henter, J. I., Daina, E., and Aperia, A. (2008). Why Rare Diseases Are An Important Medical And Social Issue. The Lancet, 371(9629), 2039-2041.
  • Akın, G. (2000). Denizli Kırsal Kesiminde Akraba Evliliği ve Bunu Etkileyen Faktörler. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih- Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(3-4), 67-80.
  • Henrarda, S. and Arickxb, F. (2016). Negotiating Prices of Drugs for Rare Diseases. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 94(10), 779-781

Orphan Drugs (Drugs Used in Rare Diseases) Situations in Turkey and in the World

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 196 - 201, 01.08.2017

Öz

Rare diseases are defined as diseases or disorders that cause genetic origin, low incidence (life-threatening or chronic depressive, resulting in premature deaths and visible decline in the quality of life or socio-economic potential of the individual. Orphan drug; Is the term used for the treatment of rare disorders; Because the number of patients affected is so low that it is not profitable to invest or market research and development and marketing. Orphan medicines are considered the most expensive medicines in the world. Rare diseases entered the health agenda when the Orphan Drug Regulation was issued in the US in 1983. As a result of the investigations, it has been found that there are no regulations on orphan medicines in Turkey and that it is necessary to develop orphan medicines are brought from abroad by Turkish Pharmacists Association (TPA) and it is not taken into the scope of Social Security

Kaynakça

  • Şencan, N., Kurt, M., Kaspar, Ç. ve Wertheimer, A. (2014). Eczacılık Fakültelerinde Farmakoekonomi Eğitimi Ve Öğrencilerin Farmakoekonomi İle İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri. Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, 18, 5-12.
  • Malhan, S., Numanoğlu Tekin, R., Çıraklı, Ü. ve Erdoğdu, S. (2014). Kullanıcıların Bakış Açısıyla İlaç Takip Sistemi. 8. Sağlık ve Hastane Kongresi, 10-12 Eylül 2014, Lefke Avrupa Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, KKTC.
  • Özçelikay, G. (2001). Akılcı İlaç Kullanımı Üzerinde Bir Pilot Çalışma. Ankara Eczacılık Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(2), 9-18.
  • İnternet: IEIS. Dünya İlaç Pazarı. Web: http://www.ieis.org. tr/ieis/tr/indicators/32/dunya-ilac-pazari adresinden 04 Nisan 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • İnternet: IEIS. Türkiye İlaç Pazarı. Web: http://www.ieis.org. tr/ieis/tr/indicators/33/turkiye-ilac-pazariadresinden 15 Mart 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • İnternet: EURORDIS. What is a raredisease? Web: http:// www.eurordis.org/sites/default/files/publications/Fact_ Sheet_RD.pdf adresinden 16 Mart 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • İnternet: IFPMA (International Federation of Pharmeceutical Manıfacturers and Associatitions) The Pharmaceutiacal Industry and Global Health (2017) Facts and Figures Web: http://www.ifpma.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/IFPMA- Facts-And-Figures-2017.pdf adresinden 12 Mart 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • İnternet: NORD. History of Leadership (NORD). Web: https:// rarediseases.org/about/what-we-do/history-leadership/ adresinden 15 Mart 2017’dealınmıştır.
  • İnternet: EURORDIS. Who We Are? (About EURORDIS). Web: http://www.eurordis.org/who-we-are adresinden 16 Mart 2017 tarihinden alınmıştır.
  • İnternet: IRDIRC. IRDIRC Goals. Web: http://www.irdirc. org/about-us/goals/ adresinden 18 Mart 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • İnternet: İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Hastalıklar Web: http:// nadirhastaliklar.istanbul.edu.tr/yetim-ilac-nedir/ adresinden 15 Mayıs 2017’de alınmıştır.
  • Berman, J. J. (2014). Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs: Keys to Understanding and Treating the Common Diseases. United States of America: Academic Press.
  • Pryde, D. C. and Groft S. C. (2014). Definitions, History and Regulatory Framework for Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs, Pryde D. C. and Palmer, M. J. (Eds). Orphan Drugs and Rare Diseases (Vol. 38). United Kingdom: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  • Simoens, S. (2011). Pricing And Reimbursement Of Orphan Drugs: The Need For More Transparency. Orphanet Journal Of Rare Diseases, 6(1), 1-8
  • Dündar, M. ve Karabulut S. Y. (2010). Türkiye’de Nadir Hastalıklar ve Yetim İlaçlar: Medikal ve Sosyal Problemler. Erciyes Medical Journal, 32(3), 195-200.
  • Simoens, S.,Cassiman, D., Dooms, M., and Picavet, E. (2012). Orphan Drugs for Rare Diseases. Drugs, 72(11), 1437-1443.
  • Griggs, R. C., Batshaw, M., Dunkle, M., Gopal-Srivastava, R., Kaye, E., Krischer, J. and Merkel, P. A. (2009). Clinical Research For Rare Disease: Opportunities, Challenges, And Solutions. Molecular Genetics And Metabolism, 96(1), 20-26
  • Phillips, D. P. and Bredder, C. C. (2002). Morbidity And Mortality From Medical Errors: An İncreasingly Serious Public Health Problem. Annual Review of Public Health, 23(1), 135-150.
  • Stolk, P., Willemen, M. J., and Leufkens, H. G. (2006). Rare Essentials: Drugs For Rare Diseases As Essential Medicines. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 84(9), 745-751.
  • Rare Diases Act of 2002, Public Law 107-280, United States of America
  • Baldovino, S., Moliner, A. M., Taruscio, D., Daina, E. and Roccatello, D. (2016). Rare Diseases in Europe: from a Wide to a Local Perspective. The Israel Medical Association Journal: IMAJ, 18(6), 359-363)
  • Wästfelt, M., Fadeel, B. And Henter, J. I. (2006). A Journey Of Hope: Lessons Learned From Studies on Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs. Journal of Internal Medicine, 260(1), 1-10.
  • Dear, J. W., Lilitkarntakul, P. and Webb, D. J. (2006). Are Rare Diseases Still Orphans or Happily Adopted? The Challenges of Developing and Using Orphan Medicinal Products. British Journal Of Clinical Pharmacology, 62(3), 264-271.
  • Baulac, M. (2006, 2-6 July). The Concept of Rare or Orphan Diseases in Epilopsy, 7th European Congress on Epileptology, 238, Helsinki
  • Hivert, V., Martin, N., Hanauer, M., & Aymé, S. (2010). New Functionalities İn Orphanet For Orphan Drugs, R&D And Marketing Authorisations To Better Serve The Rare Diseases Community. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases, 5(1), P25.
  • Anderson, M., Elliott, E. J., and Zurynski, Y. A. (2013). Australian Families Living With Rare Disease: Experiences Of Diagnosis, Health Services Use And Needs For Psychosocial Support. Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 8(1), 1-9
  • Villa, S., Compagni, A. and Reich, M. R. (2009). Orphan Drug Legislation: Lessons For Neglected Tropical Diseases. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 24(1), 27-42
  • Lavandeira, A. (2002). Orphan Drugs: Legal Aspects, Current Situation. Haemophilia, 8(3), 194-198
  • Trouiller, P., Battistella, C., Pinel, J. and Pecoul, B. (1999). Is Orphan Drug Status Beneficial To Tropical Disease Control? Comparison Of The American And Future European Orphan Drug Acts. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 4(6), 412-420.
  • Bloechl-Daum, B., Butlen-Ducuing, F. and Llinares-Garcia, J. (2016). Orphan Drugs For Rare Diseases. In Clinical Pharmacology: Current Topics and Case Studies (pp. 337- 360). Springer International Publishing.
  • European Medicines Agency. (2014). Executive Director’s decision on fee reductions for designated orphan medicinal products. EMA/317270/2014
  • Oo, C., and Rusch, L. M. (2016). A Personal Perspective of Orphan Drug Development For Rare Diseases: A Golden Opportunity or An Unsustainable Future?. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 56(3), 257-259.
  • Picavet, E., Morel, T., Cassiman, D., and Simoens, S. (2014). Shining A Light İn The Black Box Of Orphan Drug Pricing. Orphanet Journal Of Rare Diseases, 9(1), 1-10.
  • Hughes, D. A. and Poletti-Hughes, J. (2016). Profitability and Market Value of Orphan Drug Companies: A Retrospective, Propensity-Matched Case-Control Study. Plos One, 11(10), 1-10
  • Schieppati, A., Henter, J. I., Daina, E., and Aperia, A. (2008). Why Rare Diseases Are An Important Medical And Social Issue. The Lancet, 371(9629), 2039-2041.
  • Akın, G. (2000). Denizli Kırsal Kesiminde Akraba Evliliği ve Bunu Etkileyen Faktörler. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih- Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 40(3-4), 67-80.
  • Henrarda, S. and Arickxb, F. (2016). Negotiating Prices of Drugs for Rare Diseases. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 94(10), 779-781
Toplam 37 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Collection
Yazarlar

Ece Doğuç Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ağustos 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Doğuç, E. (2017). Yetim İlaçların (Orphan Drugs-Nadir Hastalıklarda Kullanılan İlaçlar) Türkiye’de ve Dünyadaki Durumu. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, 4(3), 196-201. https://doi.org/10.5455/sad.13-1502288229
INDEX: “Index Copernicus, EBSCO Central & Eastern European Academic Source, EBSCO CINAHL,EuroPub, Sobiad, Asos Index, Turk Medline, Google Sholar, Dergipark,Türkiye Atıf Dizini ve Araştırmax...




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