Fekal mikrobiyota transplantasyonu ve hastalıklar üzerine etkileri

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 4, 296 - 303, 01.12.2020

Elvan Yılmaz Akyüz Yağmurnur Sürücü

Öz

İnsan vücudunda mikrobiyota adı verilen çok sayıda mikroorganizma bulunmaktadır. Bu mikroorganizmalar çeşitli sistemleri etkilemek ile beraber en çok üzerinde durulan alan gastrointestinal sistemdir. Mikrobiyota üzerine ilk çalışmalar Clostridium difficile enfeksiyonuna karşı tedavi geliştirmek için yapılmıştır. Günümüzde mikrobiyotanın daha iyi tanınması ile gastrointestinal sistem dışında birçok mekanizmayı etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Mikrobiyotadaki olumsuzlukların çeşitli hastalıklara neden olduğu belirlenmiş ve yeni tedavi statejileri geliştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Bunlar arasında son dönemlerde fekal mikrobiyota transplantasyonuna (FMT) dikkat çekmektedir. FMT, çeşitli ülkelerde popüler olarak uygulanmakta ve umut vaat etmektedir. Ancak uygulama sonrası uzun dönem takibin olmaması FMT konusunda eleştirilere yol açmıştır ve uygulamanın güvenilirliği konusunda daha çok çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

fekal mikrobiyota transplantasyonu, mikrobiyom, mikrobiyota, gastrointestinal sistem, hastalık

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Fecal microbiota transplantation and its effects on diseases

Öz

The human body has a large number of microorganisms called microbiota. Along with these microorganisms affecting various systems, the most focused area is the gastrointestinal tract. The first studies on microbiota were conducted to develop treatment against Clostridium difficile infection. Today, it has been determined that it affects many mechanisms outside the gastrointestinal tract with better recognition of the microbiota. It has been determined that the negatives in the microbiota cause various diseases, and new treatment stategies are being developed. These include recent Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT). FMT is popularly implemented and promising in several countries. But the lack of long-term follow-up after implementation has led to criticism of FMT, and more work is needed on the reliability of the application.

Anahtar Kelimeler

fecal microbiota transplantation, microbiom, microbiota, gastrointestinal tract,, disease

Kaynakça

• 1. Heintz-Buschart, A., & Wilmes, P. (2018). Human Gut Microbiome: Function Matters. Trends in Microbiology, 26(7), 563–574.
• 2. Dominguez-Bello, M. G., Godoy-Vitorino, F., Knight, R., & Blaser, M. J. (2019). Role of the microbiome in human development. Gut, 68(6), 1108-1114.
• 3. Human Microbiome Project, C., 2012. Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome. Nature. 486, 207-214.
• 4. Holmes, A., Finger, C., Morales-Scheihing, D., Lee, J., & McCullough, L. D. (2020). GUT DYSBIOSIS AND AGE-RELATED NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES; AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS. Translational Research.
• 5. Pflughoeft, K. J., & Versalovic, J. (2012). Human Microbiome in Health and Disease. Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, 7, 99-122.
• 6. Neish, A. S. (2009). Microbes in Gastrointestinal Health and Disease. Gastroenterology, 136(1), 65-80.
• 7. Durack, J., & Lynch, S. V. (2019). The gut microbiome: Relationships with disease and opportunities for therapy. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 216(1), 20-40.
• 8. Lu, C. C., Ma, K. L., Ruan, X. Z., & Liu, B. C. (2018). Intestinal dysbiosis activates renal renin-angiotensin system contributing to incipient diabetic nephropathy. International journal of medical sciences, 15(8), 816.
• 9. Brandt, L. J., & Aroniadis, O. C. (2013). An overview of fecal microbiota transplantation: Techniques, indications, and outcomes. Gastrointestinal endoscopy, 78(2), 240-249.
• 10. Stebel, R., Vojtilova, L., Svacinka, R., & Husa, P. (2020). Faecal microbiota transplantation in the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection. Human Microbiome Journal, 100070.
• 11. Kim, K. O., & Gluck, M. (2019). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: An Update on Clinical Practice. Clinical endoscopy, 52(2), 137.
• 12. Van Nood, E., Vrieze, A., Nieuwdorp, M., Fuentes, S., Zoetendal, E. G., de Vos, W. M., ... & Speelman, P. (2013). Duodenal Infusion of Donor Feces for Recurrent Clostridium difficile. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(5), 407-415.
• 13. Weingarden, A. R., & Vaughn, B. P. (2017). Intestinal microbiota, fecal microbiota transplantation, and inflammatory bowel disease. Gut microbes, 8(3), 238-252.
• 14. Bäckhed, F., Ding, H., Wang, T., Hooper, L. V., Koh, G. Y., Nagy, A., ... & Gordon, J. I. (2004). The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 101(44), 15718-15723.
• 15. Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Mahowald, M. A., Magrini, V., Mardis, E. R., & Gordon, J. I. (2006). An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature, 444(7122), 1027.
• 16. Alang, N., & Kelly, C. R. (2015). Weight Gain After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. In Open Forum Infectious Diseases 2(1). Oxford University Press.
• 17. de Clercq, N. C., Frissen, M. N., Davids, M., Groen, A. K., & Nieuwdorp, M. (2019). Weight Gain After Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Patient with Recurrent Underweight Following Clinical Recovery From Anorexia Nervosa. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 88(1), 58-60.
• 18. Feldman, A. M., & McNamara, D. (2000). Myocarditis. New England Journal of Medicine, 343(19), 1388-1398.
• 19. Tang, W. W., & Hazen, S. L. (2017). The Gut Microbiome and Its Role in Cardiovascular Diseases. Circulation, 135(11), 1008-1010.
• 20. Hu, X. F., Zhang, W. Y., Wen, Q., Chen, W. J., Wang, Z. M., Chen, J., ... & Shu, Y. W. (2019). Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviates myocardial damage in myocarditis by restoring the microbiota composition. Pharmacological research, 139, 412-421.
• 21. Pereira, G. Q., Gomes, L. A., Santos, I. S., Alfieri, A. F., Weese, J. S., & Costa, M. C. (2018). Fecal microbiota transplantation in puppies with canine parvovirus infection. Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 32(2), 707-711.
• 22. Flier, J. S. (1992). Lilly Lecture: Syndromes of Insulin Resistance: From Patient to Gene and Back Again. Diabetes, 41(9), 1207-1219.
• 23. American Diabetes Assocation. (1998). Concensus Development Conference on Insulin Resistance. Diabetes Care, 21(2), 310-314.
• 24. Velmurugan, G., Ramprasath, T., Gilles, M., Swaminathan, K., & Ramasamy, S. (2017). Gut Microbiota, Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, and the Diabetes Epidemic. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 28(8), 612-625.
• 25. Sato, J., Kanazawa, A., Ikeda, F., Yoshihara, T., Goto, H., Abe, H., ... & Tamura, Y. (2014). Gut Dysbiosis and Detection of “Live Gut Bacteria” in Blood of Japanese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes care, 37(8), 2343-2350.
• 26. Suez, J., Korem, T., Zeevi, D., Zilberman-Schapira, G., Thaiss, C. A., Maza, O., ... & Kuperman, Y. (2014). Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota. Nature, 514(7521), 181-186.
• 27. Vrieze, A., Van Nood, E., Holleman, F., Salojärvi, J., Kootte, R. S., Bartelsman, J. F., ... & Derrien, M. (2012). Transfer of Intestinal Microbiota From Lean Donors Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome. Gastroenterology, 143(4), 913-916.
• 28. Elaine, W. Y., Gao, L., Stastka, P., Cheney, M. C., Mahabamunuge, J., Soto, M. T., ... & Hohmann, E. L. (2019). 622–Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Weekly Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) Capsules in Obese Adults: Evaluating Microbiota Engraftment and Improvements in Insulin Sensitivity. Gastroenterology, 156(6), S-129.
• 29. Evrensel, A., & Ceylan, M. E. (2015). Bağırsak Beyin Ekseni: Psikiyatrik Bozukluklarda Bağırsak Mikrobiyotasının Rolü. Current Approaches in Psychiatry/Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar, 7(4).
• 30. Rodenbach R, et al. (2020) Coaching Palliative Care Conversations: Evaluating the Impact on Resident Preparedness and Goals-of-Care Conversations. Journal of Palliative Medicine 23(2):220-225.
• 31. Flegr, J. (2013). Influence of latent Toxoplasma infection on human personality, physiology and morphology: pros and cons of the Toxoplasma–human model in studying the manipulation hypothesis. Journal of experimental Biology, 216(1), 127-133.
• 32. Thurm, T., Ablin, J. N., Buskila, D., & Maharshak, N. (2017). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Fibromyalgia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Open Journal of Gastroenterology, 7(4), 131-139.
• 33. Sun, J., Xu, J., Ling, Y., Wang, F., Gong, T., Yang, C., ... & Chen, D. (2019). Fecal microbiota transplantation alleviated Alzheimer’s disease-like pathogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Translational Psychiatry, 9(1), 1-13.
• 34. Vuong, H. E., & Hsiao, E. Y. (2017). Emerging Roles for the Gut Microbiome in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biological psychiatry, 81(5), 411-423.
• 35. Finegold, S. M., Molitoris, D., Song, Y., Liu, C., Vaisanen, M. L., Bolte, E., ... & Collins, M. D. (2002). Gastrointestinal Microflora Studies in Late-Onset Autism. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 35(1), 6-16.
• 36. Kang, D. W., Adams, J. B., Gregory, A. C., Borody, T., Chittick, L., Fasano, A., ... & Pollard, E. L. (2017). Microbiota Transfer Therapy alters gut ecosystem and improves gastrointestinal and autism symptoms: an open-label study. Microbiome, 5(1), 10.
• 37. Aroniadis O. C., & Brandt L. J. (2013). Fecal microbiota transplantation: past, present and future. Curr Opin Gastroenterol, 29(1), 79-84.
• 38. Vendrik, K. E., Ooijevaar, R. E., de Jong, P. R., Laman, J. D., van Oosten, B. W., van Hilten, J. J., ... & Contarino, M. F. (2020). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Neurological Disorders. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 10, 1-33.
• 39. Yang, Y., Tian, J., & Yang, B. (2018). Targeting gut microbiome: A novel and potential therapy for autism. Life sciences, 194, 111-119.
• 40. Douglas, M. R. (2013). Gene therapy for Parkinson’s disease: state-of-the-art treatments for neurodegenerative disease. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 13(6), 695-705.
• 41. Kieburtz, K., & Wunderle, K. B. (2013). Parkinson's Disease: Evidence for Environmental Risk Factors. Movement Disorders, 28(1), 8-13.
• 42. Perez-Pardo, P., Dodiya, H. B., Broersen, L. M., Douna, H., van Wijk, N., Lopes da Silva, S., ... & Kraneveld, A. D. (2018). Gut–brain and brain–gut axis in Parkinson's disease models: Effects of a uridine and fish oil diet. Nutritional Neuroscience, 21(6), 391-402.
• 43. Chen, Q., Wang, L., Hong, S., & Chen, Y. (2018). Integrated Design of JSCC Scheme based on Double Protograph LDPC Codes System. IEEE Communications Letters, 23(2), 218-221.
• 44. Scheperjans, F., Aho, V., Pereira, P. A., Koskinen, K., Paulin, P., Pekkonen, E., ... & Auvinen, P. (2015). Gut microbiota are related to Parkinson’ s disease and clinical phenotype. Movement Disorders, 30(3), 350-358.
• 45. Sun, M. F., Zhu, Y. L., Zhou, Z. L., Jia, X. B., Xu, Y. D., Yang, Q., ... & Shen, Y. Q. (2018). Neuroprotective effects of fecal microbiota transplantation on MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease mice: Gut microbiota, glial reaction and TLR4/TNF-α signaling pathway. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 70, 48-60.
• 46. Bingöl, C. A. (2007). Epilepsi Rehberi. Türk Nöroloji Epilepsi Çalışma Grubu.
• 47. World Health Organization. (2019). Epilepsy. Erişim Tarihi: 15.09.2020, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/epilepsy
• 48. Wu, J., Zhang, Y., Yang, H., Rao, Y., Miao, J., & Lu, X. (2016). Intestinal Microbiota as an Alternative Therapeutic Target for Epilepsy. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 2016, 1-6.
• 49. Şafak, B., Altunan, B., Topçu, B., & Topkaya, A. E. (2020). The gut microbiome in epilepsy. Microbial pathogenesis, 139, 103853.
• 50. Xie, G., Zhou, Q., Qiu, C. Z., Dai, W. K., Wang, H. P., Li, Y. H., ... & Ma, Z. Y. (2017). Ketogenic diet poses a significant effect on imbalanced gut microbiota in infants with refractory epilepsy. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 23(33), 6164-6171.
• 51. He, Z., Cui, B. T., Zhang, T., Li, P., Long, C. Y., Ji, G. Z., & Zhang, F. M. (2017). Fecal microbiota transplantation cured epilepsy in a case with Crohn’s disease: the first report. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 23(19), 3565-3568.
• 52. Sudlow, C. L. M., & Warlow, C. P. (1996). Comparing Stroke Incidence Worldwide: What Makes Studies Comparable?. Stroke, 27(3), 550-558.
• 53. Chen, R., Xu, Y., Wu, P., Zhou, H., Lasanajak, Y., Fang, Y., ... & Zhao, J. (2019). Transplantation of fecal microbiota rich in short chain fatty acids and butyric acid treat cerebral ischemic stroke by regulating gut microbiota. Pharmacological Research, 148, 104403.
• 54. Wanchao, S., Chen, M., Zhiguo, S., Futang, X., & Mengmeng, S. (2018). Protective effect and mechanism of Lactobacillus on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rats. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 51(7).
• 55. Spychala, M. S., Venna, V. R., Jandzinski, M., Doran, S. J., Durgan, D. J., Ganesh, B. P., ... & McCullough, L. D. (2018). Age‐Related Changes in the Gut Microbiota Influence Systemic Inflammation and Stroke Outcome. Annals of neurology, 84(1), 23-36.
• 56. Singh, V., Roth, S., Llovera, G., Sadler, R., Garzetti, D., Stecher, B., ... & Liesz, A. (2016). Microbiota Dysbiosis Controls the Neuroinflammatory Response After Stroke. The Journal of Neuroscience, 36(28), 7428-7440.
• 57. Zesiewicz, T. A., & Sullivan, K. L. (2008). Treatment of Ataxia and Imbalance With Varenicline (Chantix): Report of 2 Patients With Spinocerebellar Ataxia (Types 3 and 14). Clinical Neuropharmacology, 31(6), 363-365.
• 58. Yu, J., Fan, Y., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Xia, J., Ding, L., ... & Zheng, G. (2019). Intestinal Surgery Contributes to Acute Cerebellar Ataxia Through Gut Brain Axis. Frontiers in Neurology, 10, 995.
• 59. Ural, K., Erdoğan, H., Adak, H. İ., Ateş, D. S., & Kahraman, D. Ataksik kedilerde fekal mikrobiyota transplantasyonu. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Veterinerlik Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(1), 34-36.
• 60. Du, Y., Gao, X. R., Peng, L., & Ge, J. F. (2020). Crosstalk between the microbiota-gut-brain axis and depression. Heliyon, 6(6), e04097.
• 61. Strandwitz, P., Kim, K. H., Terekhova, D., Liu, J. K., Sharma, A., Levering, J., ... & Mroue, N. (2019). GABA-modulating bacteria of the human gut microbiota. Nature microbiology, 4(3), 396-403.
• 62. Cai, T., Shi, X., Yuan, L. Z., Tang, D., & Wang, F. (2019). Fecal microbiota transplantation in an elderly patient with mental depression. International psychogeriatrics, 31(10), 1525-1526.
• 63. Huang, H. L., Chen, H. T., Luo, Q. L., Xu, H. M., He, J., Li, Y. Q., ... & Zhou, Y. J. (2019). Relief of irritable bowel syndrome by fecal microbiota transplantation is associated with changes in diversity and composition of the gut microbiota. Journal of Digestive Diseases, 20(8), 401-408.
• 64. Umut, S., & Saryal S. (2010). Astım Tanı ve Tedavi Rehberi. Türk Toraks Dergisi, 11, e1-e15.
• 65. Arrieta, M. C., Stiemsma, L. T., Amenyogbe, N., Brown, E. M., & Finlay, B. (2014). The intestinal microbiome in early life: health and disease. Frontiers in Immunology, 5, 427.
• 66. Kang, Y., & Cai, Y. (2018). Future prospect of faecal microbiota transplantation as a potential therapy in asthma. Allergologia et immunopathologia, 46(3), 307-309.
• 67. Hunt, J. R. F., Martinelli, R., Adams, V. C., Rook, G. A. W., & Brunet, L. R. (2005). Intragastric administration of Mycobacterium vaccae inhibits severe pulmonary allergic inflammation in a mouse model. Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 35(5), 685-690.
• 68. Arrieta, M. C., Stiemsma, L. T., Dimitriu, P. A., Thorson, L., Russell, S., Yurist-Doutsch, S., ... & Subbarao, P. (2015). Early infancy microbial and metabolic alterations affect risk of childhood asthma. Science Translational Medicine, 7(307), 307ra152-307ra152.
• 69. Zhao, W., Ho, H. E., & Bunyavanich, S. (2019). The gut microbiome in food allergy. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 122(3), 276-282.
• 70. Thompson‐Chagoyan, O. C., Vieites, J. M., Maldonado, J., Edwards, C., & Gil, A. (2010). Changes in faecal microbiota of infants with cow’s milk protein allergy–a Spanish prospective case–control 6‐month follow‐up study. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, 21(2p2), e394-e400.
• 71. Rask, C., Evertsson, S., Telemo, E., & Wold, A. E. (2005). A Full Flora, but not Monocolonization by Escherichia coli or lactobacilli, Supports Tolerogenic Processing of a Fed Antigen. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 61(6), 529-535.
• 72. Feehley, T., Plunkett, C. H., Bao, R., Hong, S. M. C., Culleen, E., Belda-Ferre, P., ... & Andrade, J. (2019). Healthy infants harbor intestinal bacteria that protect against food allergy. Nature medicine, 25(3), 448-453.
• 73. Abdel-Gadir, A., Stephen-Victor, E., Gerber, G. K., Rivas, M. N., Wang, S., Harb, H., ... & Secor, W. (2019). Microbiota therapy acts via a regulatory T cell MyD88/RORγt pathway to suppress food allergy. Nature medicine, 25(7), 1164-1174.
• 74. Howley, P. M. (2015). Gordon Wilson Lecture: Infectıous Dısease Causes Of Cancer: Opportunıtıes For Preventıon And Treatment. Transactıons Of The Amerıcan Clınıcal And Clımatologıcal Assocıatıon, 126, 117-132.
• 75. Duvallet, C., Gibbons, S. M., Gurry, T., Irizarry, R. A., & Alm, E. J. (2017). Meta-analysis of gut microbiome studies identifies disease-specific and shared responses. Nature communications, 8(1), 1-10.
• 76. Xu, K., & Jiang, B. (2017). Analysis of Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 23, 4422-4430.
• 77. Wu, X., Zhang, T., Chen, X., Ji, G., & Zhang, F. (2019). Microbiota transplantation: targeting cancer treatment. Cancer Letters, 452, 144-151.
• 78. Ünal, N. G. (2016). Fekal Mikrobiyota Transplantasyonu. Güncel Gastroenteroloji, 20(4), 437-441.