Deprem sonrası psikolojik ilk yardım müdahalesinin ve hemşirelerin önemi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 603 - 607, 31.12.2024

Ömer Tanrıverdi

Öz

Özet
Deprem gibi afetler hem maddi zarara hem psikiyatrik bozukluklara neden olan olaylardır. Deprem sonrası bireylerde birçok psikolojik sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Hemşireler, afetlerin birey, aile ve toplum üzerindeki fiziksel ve psikolojik etkilerini belirleyebilir, afetin tüm aşamasında bireylerin fiziksel ve duygusal güvenliğini koruyabilir. Hemşireler sahip oldukları sağlıklı iletişimi bilgi ve becerileri ile insanların problem çözme becerilerini kullanmalarına, akılcı baş etme davranışlarını kullanmalarına ve deprem gibi zor durumlarda güçlü yönlerini keşfetmelerine yardımcı olur. Bireylerin yaşanan felaket durumu karşısındaki duygu ve düşüncelerini ifade etmelerine olanak sağlayarak yaşamlarını yeniden yapılandırabilme becerileri ve kendilerine olan güven duygularını desteklemek açısından psikiyatrik ilk yardım uygulaması önemlidir. Psikolojik ilk yardım çalışmalarının hemşireler tarafından bilinmesi bireyin iyileşme sürecini hızlandırmasından dolayı önem arz etmektedir.
Kaynaklar
1. Sönmez MB.(2022). Depremin psikolojik etkileri, psikolojik destek ve korkuyla baş etme. TOTBİD Dergisi, 21(3), 337-343. https://doi.org/10.5578/totbid.dergisi.2022.46.
2. Sumasto H., Suparji, Wisnu N. T., Ngestiningrum, A. H., Setiawan, Sugito, B. H., & Najib, M. Trauma Healing during the Earthquake Disaster Emergency Response Phase in Lombok, Indonesia. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 2019; 13(4), 1745. https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00562.0
3. Farooqui, M., Quadri, S. A., Suriya, S. S., Khan, M. A., Ovais, M., Sohail, Z., Shoaib, S., Tohid, H., & Hassan, M. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder: A serious post-earthquake complication. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 39(2), 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029
4. Kardaş, F., & Tanhan, F. (2018). Van Depremini Yaşayan Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Travma Sonrası Stres, Travma Sonrası Büyüme ve Umutsuzluk Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi*. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), Article 1.
5. Kuman Tuncel, Ö. Deprem, Kitlesel Travma ve Sonrası. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 2023; 97-98.
6. Uğuz, Ş. (2023). Depremlerin Görünmez Yıkımı: İnsanların Psikolojik Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 17(1), 6-9. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1256896
7. Kılıç, N., & Şimşek, N. (2017). Psychological first aid and nursing. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, https://doi.org/10.14744/phd.2017.76376
8. Hechanova, G., Manaois, J., & Masuda, H. (2019). Evaluation of an organization-based psychological first aid intervention. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal, 28. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPM-10-2018-0330
9. Kılıç, N., & Şimşek, N. (2019). The effects of psychological first aid training on disaster preparedness perception and self-efficacy. Nurse Education Today, 83, 104203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104203
10. Seyedi Chegeni, P., Gholami, M., Azargoon, A., Hossein Pour, A. H., Birjandi, M., & Norollahi, H. (2018). The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the management of fatigue and quality of sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 2018; 31, 64-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.01.010

Anahtar Kelimeler

Deprem, psikolojik ilk yardım, hemşirelik

The importance of psychological first aid intervention and nurses after earthquake

Öz

Abstract
Disasters such as earthquakes are events that cause both material damage and psychiatric disorders. Many psychological problems occur in individuals after earthquakes. Nurses can determine the physical and psychological effects of disasters on the individual, family and society and protect the physical and emotional safety of individuals at all stages of the disaster. Nurses help people to use problem-solving skills, rational coping behaviors and discover their strengths in difficult situations such as earthquakes with their healthy communication knowledge and skills. Psychiatric first aid practice is important in terms of enabling individuals to express their feelings and thoughts in the face of a disaster situation and supporting their ability to restructure their lives and their sense of self-confidence. It is important that psychological first aid studies must be known by nurses because it accelerates the healing process of the individual.

References
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Anahtar Kelimeler

Earthquake, psychological first aid, nursing

Kaynakça

• Brymer, M., Jacobs, A., Layne, C., Pynoos, R., Ruzek, J., Steinberg, A., Vernberg, E., & Watson, P. (2006). (National Child Traumatic Stress Network and National Center for PTSD), Psychological First Aid: Field Operations Guide, 2nd Edition.
• Corcoran, C. (2020). Use of Psychological First Aid for Nurses. Nursing economic$, 38, 26-32.
• Demircioglu, M., Seker, Z., & Aker, A. T. (2019). Psychological First Aid: Objectives, Practicing, Vulnerable Groups and Ethical Rules to Follow/Psikolojik Ilk Yardim: Amaglari, Uygulanisi, Hassas Gruplar ve Uyulmasi Gereken Etik Kurallar. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar/Current Approaches to Psychiatry, 11(3), 351-363.
• Farooqui, M., Quadri, S. A., Suriya, S. S., Khan, M. A., Ovais, M., Sohail, Z., Shoaib, S., Tohid, H., & Hassan, M. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder: A serious post-earthquake complication. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 39(2), 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029
• Field, J. E., Wehrman, J. D., & Yoo, M. S. (2017). Helping the Weeping, Worried, and Willful: Psychological First Aid for Primary and Secondary Students. Journal of Asia Pacific Counseling, 7(2), 169-180. https://doi.org/10.18401/2017.2.4
• Kardaş, F., & Tanhan, F. (2018). Van Depremini Yaşayan Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Travma Sonrası Stres, Travma Sonrası Büyüme ve Umutsuzluk Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi*. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), Article 1.
• Khedr, M. A., Al-Ahmed, N. A., Mattar, F. K., Alshammari, M., & Ali, E. A. (2024). The feasibility of a psychological first aid intervention as a supportive tactic for feelings of psychological distress and mental health recovery outcomes among earthquake survivors in Northern Syria. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.13261
• Kılıç, N., & Şimşek, N. (2019). The effects of psychological first aid training on disaster preparedness perception and self-efficacy. Nurse Education Today, 83, 104203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2019.104203
• Kim, E.-Y., & Han, S.-W. (2021). Development of Psychological First Aid Guidelines for People Who Have Experienced Disasters. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(20), Article 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010752
• Kuman Tuncel, Ö. (2023). Deprem, Kitlesel Travma ve Sonrası. Nöropsikiyatri Arşivi, 97-98.
• Mahmoud, A. S., Abd Elbary, A., & Berma, A. (2019). Effect of Progressive Relaxation Technique on the Anxiety Level of the Psychiatric Patients before Electro Convulsive Therapy. Port Said Scientific Journal of Nursing, 6(2), 46-60. https://doi.org/10.21608/pssjn.2019.19807.1005
• Pekevski, J. (2013). First responders and psychological first aid. Journal of Emergency Management (Weston, Mass.), 11(1), 39-48. https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.2013.0126
• Peng, M., Xiao, T., Carter, B., & Shearer, J. (2024). Evaluation of system based psychological first aid training on the mental health proficiency of emergency medical first responders to natural disasters in China: A cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 14(5), e078750. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078750
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• Ruzek, joseph, Brymer, M., Jacobs, A., Layne, C., Vernberg, E., & Watson, P. (2007). Psychological First Aid. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 29, 17-49. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.29.1.5racqxjueafabgwp
• Seyedi Chegeni, P., Gholami, M., Azargoon, A., Hossein Pour, A. H., Birjandi, M., & Norollahi, H. (2018). The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the management of fatigue and quality of sleep in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 31, 64-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.01.010
• Shalev, A. Y., & Freedman, S. (2005). PTSD following terrorist attacks: A prospective evaluation. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 162, 1188-1191. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.6.1188
• Sim, T., & Wang, A. (2021). Contextualization of Psychological First Aid: An Integrative Literature Review. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 53(2), 189-197. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12613
• Sönmez, M. B. (2022). Depremin psikolojik etkileri, psikolojik destek ve korkuyla baş etme. TOTBİD Dergisi, 21(3), 337-343. https://doi.org/10.5578/totbid.dergisi.2022.46
• Sumasto, H., Suparji, Wisnu, N. T., Ngestiningrum, A. H., Setiawan, Sugito, B. H., & Najib, M. (2019). Trauma Healing during the Earthquake Disaster Emergency Response Phase in Lombok, Indonesia. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 13(4), 1745. https://doi.org/10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00562.0
• Uğuz, Ş. (2023). Depremlerin Görünmez Yıkımı: İnsanların Psikolojik Sağlığı Üzerindeki Etkileri. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 17(1), 6-9. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.1256896
• Vernberg, E., Steinberg, A., Jacobs, A., Brymer, M., Watson, P., Osofsky, J., Layne, C., Pynoos, R., & Ruzek, J. (2008). Innovations in Disaster Mental Health: Psychological First Aid. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 39, 381-388. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012663
• Yang, Y.-N., Xiao, L. D., Cheng, H.-Y., Zhu, J.-C., & Arbon, P. (2010). Chinese nurses’ experience in the Wenchuan earthquake relief. International Nursing Review, 57(2), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2009.00795.x