The effect of multidimensional social support perceived in the postpartum period on women's depression level
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 547 - 555, 31.12.2024
Nadire Ercan Toptaner
,
Asiye Sena Aykol
,
Aydan Yılmaz
,
Melike Dişsiz
Öz
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: Pregnancy is a special period in a woman's life in which many bio-psycho-social changes are experienced, and although it can cause various mental problems in the perinatal period, it is often associated with postpartum depression. The perceived level of social support may trigger the emergence of postpartum depression. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of perceived multidimensional social support on depression level of women in the postpartum period.
Material and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a family health centre in a district of Istanbul with women who applied to the relevant centre and gave birth within the last year. Data were collected by face-to-face interview method using the Descriptive Information Form, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale.
Results: The mean age of the women in the study was 31.19±5.32 years, and the mean duration of marriage was 6.80±5.70 years. It was found that 50.6% of the women had less than 11 years of education, 53.3% were unemployed, and 87.3% had a nuclear family structure. The average number of births among women was 1.91±1.12; 62.5% received prenatal care during pregnancy, 86.5% had conceived intentionally, 53.6% had given birth vaginally, and 76.8% had received support from their surroundings for baby care after birth. Participants scored 9.14±5.77 on the EPDS and 68.99±13.88 on the MSPSS. A moderate negative correlation (r=-0.459) was found between perceived multidimensional social support and depression (p<.05).
Conclusion: The study determined that as multidimensional social support increases, depressive symptoms decrease in women.
Kaynakça
- Aktaş, M. C., Şimşek, Ç., & Aktaş, S. (2017). Etiology of postpartum depression: Culture effect. Journal of Nursing Academic Research, 3(1), 10-13.
- Alshikh Ahmad, H., Alkhatib, A., & Luo, J. (2021). Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in the Middle East: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 542. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04016-9
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Anokye, R., Acheampong, E., Budu-Ainooson, A., Obeng, E. I., & Akwasi, A. G. (2018). Prevalence Of Postpartum Depression And İnterventions Utilized For İts Management. Annals Of General Psychiatry, 17, 1-8.).
- Angley, M., Divney, A., Magriples, U., & Kershaw, T. (2015). Social support, family functioning and parenting competence in adolescent parents. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 19(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-014-1496-x
- Atilla, R., & Mucuk, S. (2018). Postpartum depression screening and treatment approaches of health personnel working in primary health care services. Journal of Health Sciences, 27(3), 186-191.
- Ay, F., Tektaş, E., Mak, A., & Aktay, N. (2018). Postpartum depresyon ve etkileyen faktörler: 2000–2017 araştırma sonuçları. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 9(3), 147-152.
- Azad, R., Fahmi, R., Shrestha, S., Joshi, H., Hasan, M., Khan, A. N. S., Chowdhury, M. A. K., Arifeen, S. E., & Billah, S. M. (2019). Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression within one year after birth in urban slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLOS ONE, 14(5), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215735
- Cho, H., Lee, K., Choi, E., Cho, H. N., Park, B., Suh, M., Rhee, Y., & Choi, K. S. (2022). Association between social support and postpartum depression. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 3128. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07248-7
- Corrigan, C., Kwasky, A., & Groh, C. (2015). Social support, postpartum depression, and professional assistance: A survey of mothers in the midwestern United States. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 24(1), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.24.1.48
- Cox, J., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 782–786.
- Cömert, D., & Bayrı Bingöl, F. (2021). Postpartum akut stresin, sosyal destek ve depresif belirti düzeyi ile ilişkisi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 502-509.
- Çınar, N., Topal, S., Yalnızoğlu Çaka, S., & Altınkaynak, S. (2023). Annelerde postpartum depresyon, sosyal destek ve emzirme öz yeterliliği arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 32(2), 113-122.
- Desta, M., Memiah, P., Kassie, B., Ketema, D. B., Amha, H., Getaneh, T., & Sintayehu, M. (2021). Postpartum depression and its association with intimate partner violence and inadequate social support in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 737–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.053
- Eker, D., Arkar, H., & Yaldız, H. (2001). Çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin gözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(1), 17-25.
- Engindeniz, A. N., Küey, L., & Kültür, S. (1996). Edinburgh doğum sonrası depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formu geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Bahar Sempozyumları, 1, 51-52.
- Freeman, A., Tyrovolas, S., Koyanagi, A., Chatterji, S., Leonardi, M., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B., Koskinen, S., Rummel-Kluge, C., & Haro, J. M. (2016). The role of socio-economic status in depression: Results from the COURAGE (aging survey in Europe). BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1098. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3638-0
- Guo, D., Wang, C., & Liu, X. (2023). Association of chronic diseases with depression in the United States, NHANES 2007–2018. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 29(5), 1077–1090. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2023.2277153
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- Jamshaid, S., Malik, N. I., Ullah, I., Saboor, S., Arain, F., & De Berardis, D. (2023). Postpartum depression and health: Role of perceived social support among Pakistani women. Diseases, 11(2), 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases11020053
- Kanığ, M., & Eroğlu, K. (2019). Gebelerde algılanan sosyal destek düzeyi ve etkileyen faktörler. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 16(2), 125-133.
- Kim, Y. S., Sharma, B., Jung, Y., Kim, D., & Nam, E. W. (2019). Perceived social support among women of reproductive age attending a public health facility in a poor area of Northern Lima, Peru. Journal of Global Health Science, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2019.1.e30
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- Ledesma Ortega, C., & Reio, T. J. (2016). Interventions for women with postpartum depression symptoms: An integrative literature review for human resource development. Human Resource Development Review, 15(2), 131-150.
- Lee, K., Vasileiou, K., & Barnett, J. (2019). 'Lonely with in the mother': An exploratory study of first-time mothers' experiences of loneliness. Journal of Health Psychology, 24(10), 1334–1344.
- Ma, Y., Xiang, Q., Yan, C., Liao, H., & Wang, J. (2021). Relationship between chronic diseases and depression: The mediating effect of pain. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 436. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03428-3
- McCurdy, A., Boulé, N., Sivak, A., & Davenport, M. (2017). Effects of exercise on mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms in the postpartum period: A meta-analysis. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 129(6), 1087–1097. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002053
- Ohara, M., Okada, T., Aleksic, B., Morikawa, M., Kubota, C., Nakamura, Y., Shiino, T., Masuda, T., Ando, M., Takei, N., Furukawa, T. A., & Nakano, H. (2017). Social support helps protect against perinatal bonding failure and depression among mothers: A prospective cohort study. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 9546. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09920-0
- O'Hara, M. W., & McCabe, J. E. (2013). Postpartum depression: Current status and future directions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9(1), 379–407. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185612
Park, J. H., Karmaus, W., & Zhang, H. (2015). Prevalence of and risk factors for depressive symptoms in Korean women throughout pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Asian Nursing Research, 9(3), 219–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2015.03.004
- Rezaie-Keikhaie, K., Arbabshastan, M. E., Rafiemanesh, H., Amirshahi, M., Mogharabi Ostadkelayeh, S., & Arbabisarjou, A. (2020). Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of the maternity blues in the postpartum period. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 49(1), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jogn.2019.12.010
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Doğum sonrası dönemde algılanan çok boyutlu sosyal desteğin kadınların depresyon düzeyine etkisi
Yıl 2024,
Cilt: 11 Sayı: 4, 547 - 555, 31.12.2024
Nadire Ercan Toptaner
,
Asiye Sena Aykol
,
Aydan Yılmaz
,
Melike Dişsiz
Öz
Giriş ve Amaç: Gebelik, kadın yaşamında biyo-psiko-sosyal açıdan pek çok değişimin yaşandığı özel bir dönem olup perinatal dönemde çeşitli ruhsal problemlere sebep olabilmekle birlikte sıklıkla postpartum depresyon ile ilişkilidir. Algılanan sosyal destek düzeyi ise postpartum depresyonun ortaya çıkmasını tetikleyebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı postpartum dönemdeki kadınlarda algılanan çok boyutlu sosyal desteğin kadınların depresyon düzeyine etkisini belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışma kesitsel olarak tasarlanmış olup İstanbul’un bir ilçesinde bulunan aile sağlığı merkezinde, ilgili merkeze başvuran ve son bir yıl içerisinde doğum yapmış kadınlarla yürütülmüştür. Veriler Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Edinburgh Doğum Sonrası Depresyon Ölçeği ve Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği kullanılarak yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Kadınların yaş ortalaması 31.19±5.32 ve evlilik süresi 6.80±5.70 yıl idi. Kadınların %50.6’sının 11 yıldan az eğitim gördüğü, %53.3’ünün çalışmadığı, %87.3’ünün çekirdek aile yapısına sahip olduğu saptandı. Kadınların doğum sayısı ortalamasının 1.91±1.12, %62.5’inin gebelikte doğum öncesi bakım aldığı, %86.5’inin isteyerek gebe kaldığı, %53.6’sının vajinal doğum yaptığı, %76.8’inin doğum sonrası bebek bakımı için çevresinden destek aldığı belirlendi. Katılımcıların EPDÖ puanı 9.14±5.77 ve ÇBASDÖ puanı 68.99±13.88 olup algılanan çok boyutlu sosyal destek ve depresyon arasında orta düzeyde (r=-0.459) negatif yönde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlendi (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Çalışmada kadınların algılanan çok boyutlu sosyal desteği arttıkça ve depresif belirtilerin azaldığı belirlendi.
Kaynakça
- Aktaş, M. C., Şimşek, Ç., & Aktaş, S. (2017). Etiology of postpartum depression: Culture effect. Journal of Nursing Academic Research, 3(1), 10-13.
- Alshikh Ahmad, H., Alkhatib, A., & Luo, J. (2021). Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in the Middle East: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 542. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-04016-9
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Anokye, R., Acheampong, E., Budu-Ainooson, A., Obeng, E. I., & Akwasi, A. G. (2018). Prevalence Of Postpartum Depression And İnterventions Utilized For İts Management. Annals Of General Psychiatry, 17, 1-8.).
- Angley, M., Divney, A., Magriples, U., & Kershaw, T. (2015). Social support, family functioning and parenting competence in adolescent parents. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 19(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-014-1496-x
- Atilla, R., & Mucuk, S. (2018). Postpartum depression screening and treatment approaches of health personnel working in primary health care services. Journal of Health Sciences, 27(3), 186-191.
- Ay, F., Tektaş, E., Mak, A., & Aktay, N. (2018). Postpartum depresyon ve etkileyen faktörler: 2000–2017 araştırma sonuçları. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 9(3), 147-152.
- Azad, R., Fahmi, R., Shrestha, S., Joshi, H., Hasan, M., Khan, A. N. S., Chowdhury, M. A. K., Arifeen, S. E., & Billah, S. M. (2019). Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression within one year after birth in urban slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh. PLOS ONE, 14(5), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215735
- Cho, H., Lee, K., Choi, E., Cho, H. N., Park, B., Suh, M., Rhee, Y., & Choi, K. S. (2022). Association between social support and postpartum depression. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 3128. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07248-7
- Corrigan, C., Kwasky, A., & Groh, C. (2015). Social support, postpartum depression, and professional assistance: A survey of mothers in the midwestern United States. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 24(1), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.1891/1058-1243.24.1.48
- Cox, J., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh postnatal depression scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 782–786.
- Cömert, D., & Bayrı Bingöl, F. (2021). Postpartum akut stresin, sosyal destek ve depresif belirti düzeyi ile ilişkisi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 12(2), 502-509.
- Çınar, N., Topal, S., Yalnızoğlu Çaka, S., & Altınkaynak, S. (2023). Annelerde postpartum depresyon, sosyal destek ve emzirme öz yeterliliği arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 32(2), 113-122.
- Desta, M., Memiah, P., Kassie, B., Ketema, D. B., Amha, H., Getaneh, T., & Sintayehu, M. (2021). Postpartum depression and its association with intimate partner violence and inadequate social support in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 279, 737–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.053
- Eker, D., Arkar, H., & Yaldız, H. (2001). Çok boyutlu algılanan sosyal destek ölçeğinin gözden geçirilmiş formunun faktör yapısı, geçerlik ve güvenirliği. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(1), 17-25.
- Engindeniz, A. N., Küey, L., & Kültür, S. (1996). Edinburgh doğum sonrası depresyon ölçeği Türkçe formu geçerlilik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Bahar Sempozyumları, 1, 51-52.
- Freeman, A., Tyrovolas, S., Koyanagi, A., Chatterji, S., Leonardi, M., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Tobiasz-Adamczyk, B., Koskinen, S., Rummel-Kluge, C., & Haro, J. M. (2016). The role of socio-economic status in depression: Results from the COURAGE (aging survey in Europe). BMC Public Health, 16(1), 1098. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3638-0
- Guo, D., Wang, C., & Liu, X. (2023). Association of chronic diseases with depression in the United States, NHANES 2007–2018. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 29(5), 1077–1090. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2023.2277153
- Hamel, C., Lang, E., Morissette, K., Beck, A., Stevens, A., Skidmore, B., Colquhoun, H., LeBlanc, J., Moore, A., Riva, J., Thombs, B., Colman, I., Grigoriadis, S., Nicholls, S. G., Potter, B., Ritchie, K., Robert, J., Vasa, P., Lauria-Horner, B., ... Moher, D. (2019). Screening for depression in women during pregnancy or the first year postpartum and in the general adult population: A protocol for two systematic reviews to update a guideline of the Canadian task force on preventive health care. Systematic Reviews, 8(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-018-0930-3
- Jamshaid, S., Malik, N. I., Ullah, I., Saboor, S., Arain, F., & De Berardis, D. (2023). Postpartum depression and health: Role of perceived social support among Pakistani women. Diseases, 11(2), 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases11020053
- Kanığ, M., & Eroğlu, K. (2019). Gebelerde algılanan sosyal destek düzeyi ve etkileyen faktörler. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 16(2), 125-133.
- Kim, Y. S., Sharma, B., Jung, Y., Kim, D., & Nam, E. W. (2019). Perceived social support among women of reproductive age attending a public health facility in a poor area of Northern Lima, Peru. Journal of Global Health Science, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.35500/jghs.2019.1.e30
- Kolukırık, Ü. (2016). Postpartum depresyon belirtisini etkileyen etmenler ve postpartum depresyon belirtisinin emzirme ile ilişkisi [Yayın No. 458264, Tıpta uzmanlık tezi, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi]. Ulusal Tez Merkezi.https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezDetay.jsp?id=xkklD9j7_BIoRksgPn9fg&no=gx0TXyCl12UmO8saP44JBg
- Ledesma Ortega, C., & Reio, T. J. (2016). Interventions for women with postpartum depression symptoms: An integrative literature review for human resource development. Human Resource Development Review, 15(2), 131-150.
- Lee, K., Vasileiou, K., & Barnett, J. (2019). 'Lonely with in the mother': An exploratory study of first-time mothers' experiences of loneliness. Journal of Health Psychology, 24(10), 1334–1344.
- Ma, Y., Xiang, Q., Yan, C., Liao, H., & Wang, J. (2021). Relationship between chronic diseases and depression: The mediating effect of pain. BMC Psychiatry, 21(1), 436. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03428-3
- McCurdy, A., Boulé, N., Sivak, A., & Davenport, M. (2017). Effects of exercise on mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms in the postpartum period: A meta-analysis. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 129(6), 1087–1097. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000002053
- Ohara, M., Okada, T., Aleksic, B., Morikawa, M., Kubota, C., Nakamura, Y., Shiino, T., Masuda, T., Ando, M., Takei, N., Furukawa, T. A., & Nakano, H. (2017). Social support helps protect against perinatal bonding failure and depression among mothers: A prospective cohort study. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 9546. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-09920-0
- O'Hara, M. W., & McCabe, J. E. (2013). Postpartum depression: Current status and future directions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9(1), 379–407. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185612
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