Yanık Yaralanmalarının Epidemiyolojik ve Zamansal Özellikleri: 15.155 Acil Servis Başvurusunun Beş Yıllık Retrospektif Analizi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 3, 468 - 480, 30.09.2025

Ayhan Tabur , Alper Tabur

Öz

Giriş ve Amaç:
Yanık yaralanmaları; yaş, cinsiyet, mevsim ve sosyoekonomik durum gibi faktörlerden etkilenen önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu çalışma, beş yıllık bir dönemde yanık ile ilişkili acil servis başvurularının kapsamlı bir epidemiyolojik profilini sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Gereç ve Yöntem:
Ocak 2021 ile Nisan 2025 tarihleri arasında acil servise başvuran 15.155 özgün yanık hastası retrospektif olarak analiz edilmiştir. İncelenen değişkenler arasında yaş, cinsiyet, vaka türü, ICD-10 tanıları ve başvuru zamanı yer almaktadır. Veriler yaş grubu, mevsim, tanı ve başvuru zamanı bazında katmanlandırılmış; tanımlayıcı istatistikler, dağılım analizleri ve veri görselleştirmeleri kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular ve Sonuç:
Ortalama yaş 20,4 ± 20,6 yıl (medyan: 14) olup dağılım sağa çarpık bulunmuştur. Olguların %38’ini 0–5 yaş arası çocuklar oluşturmuş, %53,6’sı erkek cinsiyetteydi. Vaka tiplerinin çoğunluğu rutin (%49,7), ardından ayaktan (%42,3) ve yatan hasta (%7,9) başvuruları şeklinde sınıflandırılmıştır. Başvurular özellikle ilkbahar ve yaz aylarında zirve yapmış; 2023–2024 yıllarında aylık toplamlar sıklıkla 500’ün üzerine çıkmıştır. En yaygın tanı T29.2 olup olguların %66,7’sini temsil etmiştir. Yetişkinlerde (19–60 yaş) mesleki yanıklar baskın iken pediatrik yanıkların genellikle daha hafif olduğu görülmüştür. Başvurular hafta içi sabahları, özellikle pazartesi günleri 09:00–15:00 saatleri arasında yoğunlaşmıştır. Bu çalışma, pediatrik yanıkların önemli yükünü, başvurulardaki mevsimsel değişkenliği ve spesifik olmayan tanı kodlarının sık kullanımını vurgulamaktadır. Bulgular, yaş ve cinsiyete duyarlı önleyici stratejilerin geliştirilmesi, klinik dokümantasyonun iyileştirilmesi ve acil servislerde daha etkin kaynak planlamasının gerekliliğine işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yanık yaralanmaları , epidemiyoloji , pediatrik yanıklar , mevsimsel varyasyon , ICD-10 , acil bakım

Epidemiological and Temporal Patterns of Burn Injuries: A Five-Year Retrospective Analysis of 15,155 Emergency Department Admissions

Öz

Introduction and Aim:
Burn injuries represent a significant public health concern, influenced by factors such as age, sex, season, and socioeconomic status. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive epidemiological profile of burn-related emergency admissions over a five-year period.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 15,155 unique burn patients admitted between January 2021 and April 2025. Variables included age, sex, case type, ICD-10 diagnoses, and time of admission. Data were stratified by age group, season, diagnosis, and visit timing. Descriptive statistics, distribution analyses, and data visualizations were applied.

Results and Conclusion:
The mean age was 20.4 ± 20.6 years (median: 14), with a right-skewed distribution. Children aged 0–5 years accounted for 38% of cases, and 53.6% were male. Most cases were routine (49.7%), followed by outpatient (42.3%) and inpatient (7.9%) admissions. Admission rates peaked during spring and summer, particularly in 2023–2024, when monthly totals frequently exceeded 500. The most common diagnosis was T29.2, representing 66.7% of cases. Occupational burns predominated among adults aged 19–60, whereas pediatric burns were generally less severe. Visits peaked on weekday mornings, especially Mondays between 09:00 and 15:00. This study highlights the substantial burden of pediatric burns, the seasonal variability of admissions, and the frequent use of non-specific diagnostic codes. The findings emphasize the need for age- and gender-sensitive preventive strategies, improved clinical documentation, and more effective resource planning in emergency services.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Burn injuries , epidemiology , pediatric burns , seasonal variation , ICD-10 , emergency care

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