Types of Ketogenic Diets and Efficiency in Epilepsy Patients

Öz

Epilepsy is one of the neurological diseases that occur due to abnormal and excessive discharge of neurons as a result of changes in electrical activity in the brain, can be seen at any age, and affect approximately 65-70 million individuals in the world. The aim of epilepsy treatment; if possible, to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures, to prevent damage caused by recurrent seizures, and to enable patients to perform their daily activities. Most seizures can be controlled with one or more antiepileptic drugs, but these drugs may not help seizures with time. Ketogenic diets (KDs) have been used for a long time in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy (IDE). Studies show that these diets increase the quality of life of patients thanks to their individual design, less restrictiveness and more deliciousness. Generally, KD has a high fat content (almost 90%), and low carbohydrate content and is available in different types. In this review, it is aimed to examine the efficacy of KD types on seizure frequency and severity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Low glycemic index diet
• drug resistant epilepsy
• classic ketogenic diet
• modified atkins ketogenic diet
• medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet

Epilepsi Hastalarında Uygulanan Ketojenik Diyet Çeşitleri ve Etkinlikleri

Öz

Epilepsi, beyinde elektriksel aktivitedeki değişimler sonucunda nöronların anormal ve aşırı deşarjı nedeni ile oluşan, her yaşta görülebilen, dünyada yaklaşık 65-70 milyon bireyi etkileyen nörolojik hastalıklardan biridir. Epilepsi tedavisinin amacı; mümkünse nöbetlerin sıklığını ve şiddetini azaltmak, tekrarlayan nöbetlerin neden olduğu hasarı önlemek için kontrolü sağlamak ve hastaların günlük aktivitelerini gerçekleştirmelerini sağlamaktır. Nöbetlerin çoğu bir veya daha fazla antiepileptik ilaçla kontrol altına alınabilir, ancak bu ilaçlar bir süre sonra nöbetlerin azaltılmasında etkili olmayabilir. İlaca dirençli epilepsi tedavisinde ketojenik diyetler (KD) uzun zamandır kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar, bu diyetlerin bireye özgü tasarlanması, kısıtlayıcılığının az ve daha lezzetli olması sayesinde hastaların yaşam kalitesini artırdığını göstermektedir. Ketojenik diyetin farklı türleri bulunmakla birlikte genel olarak yüksek yağ (yaklaşık %90) ve düşük karbonhidrat içeriğine sahiptir. Bu derleme çalışma KD türlerinin epilepsi hastalarında nöbetlerin sıklığına ve şiddetine etkisini değerlendirmek amacı ile yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Düşük glisemik indeks diyeti
• ilaca dirençli epilepsi
• klasik ketojenik diyet
• modifiye atkins ketojenik diyeti
• orta zincirli trigliserit ketojenik diyeti

Kaynakça

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