Use of Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Gummy Smile

Öz

The therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum is due to its blocking of acetylcholine release in cholinergic neuron synapses and inhibition of muscle contraction. The use of botulinum toxin, which is applied for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes, has spread to many medical fields such as ophthalmology, gastroenterology, urology, orthopedics, and dermatology. It is used for therapeutic purposes in the head and neck region in many conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia, migraine, oesophageal speech after laryngectomy, facial nerve paralysis, sialorrhea, temporomandibular joint disorders, bruxism, myalgia in the masticatory muscles and hemifacial spasm. Botulinum toxin is also successfully used in perioral cosmetic conditions such as gummy smile, smile asymmetry, and facial asymmetry due to unilateral masseter hypertrophy. For the correction of gummy smile, caused by hyperactive lip muscles, botulinum toxin injection is preferred as a minimally invasive approach in terms of ease of application and safety. In this traditional review, up-to-date information on the use of botulinum toxin for the correction of gummy smile is included by scanning the literature in the electronic environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Botulinum toxins
• Gingiva
• Gummy smile

Botulinum Toksinin Gummy Smile Tedavisinde Kullanımı

Öz

Clostridium botulinum adlı bakteri tarafından üretilen botulinum toksininin terapötik etkisi, kolinerjik nöron sinapslarında asetilkolin salınımını bloke etmesinden ve kas kontraksiyonuna engel olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Terapötik amacın yanı sıra kozmetik amaçla da uygulanan botulinum toksininin kullanımı oftalmoloji, gastroenteroloji, üroloji, ortopedi ve dermatoloji gibi birçok medikal alana yayılmıştır. Baş ve boyun bölgesinde trigeminal nevralji, migren, larenjektomi sonrası özofageal konuşma, fasiyal sinir paralizi, siyalore, temporomandibular eklem bozuklukları, bruksizm, çiğneme kaslarında miyalji ve hemifasiyal spazm gibi birçok durumda terapötik amaçla kullanılmaktadır. Botulinum toksini aynı zamanda gummy smile, gülme asimetrisi, unilateral masseter hipertrofisine bağlı gelişen fasiyal asimetri gibi perioral kozmetik uygulamalarda da başarıyla kullanılmaktadır. Hiperaktif dudak kaslarının neden olduğu gummy smile tedavisinde botulinum toksini enjeksiyonu, uygulama kolaylığı ve güvenliği açısından minimal invaziv bir yaklaşım olarak tercih edilmektedir. Bu geleneksel derlemede, elektronik ortamda kaynak taraması yapılarak botulinum toksininin gummy smile tedavisinde kullanımına dair elde edilen güncel bilgiler yer almaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Botulinum toksinleri
• Diş eti
• Diş eti gülümsemesi

Kaynakça

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