Probiyotiklerin Genel Özellikleri ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Kelime anlamı olarak “yaşam için” anlamına gelen probiyotikler, bağırsaklardaki mikrobiyal dengeyi düzenleyen canlı mikroorganizmalardır. Tarihte probiyotikler sağlığa olan yararlı etkilerinden dolayı içeriği ve işlevi bilinmeden tüketilmiştir. Probiyotik konusunda 20. yüzyılın başlarında Elie Metchnikoff’un Bulgar halkı üzerinde yaptığı çalışma dönüm noktası olmuştur. Çalışmasında uzun yaşam süresi ile fermente süt tüketimi arasında ilişki kurmuş ve laktik asit bakterilerin varlığından bahsetmiştir. Günümüze kadar olan süreçte yapılan bilimsel çalışmalarda probiyotiklerin; enfeksiyonlar, inflamatuar bağırsak hastalıkları, laktoz intoleransı, kanser, yüksek kolesterol, diyabet ve obezite gibi sağlık sorunlarına karşı fayda sağlayabileceği gösterilmektedir. Ancak probiyotiklerin faydalı etkisinin görülmediği, hatta bazı yan etkilerinin görüldüğü çalışmalar da mevcuttur. Bu etkileri; probiyotiklerin türü, kullanılan suşu, dozu ve veriliş yoluna göre değişkenlik gösterebilmesinden dolayı genelleme yapmak oldukça güçtür. Özellikle de yapılan çalışmaların klinik ve metodolojik farklılıklar bulunması etkinlik konusunda kesinlikten söz edebilmeyi daha da zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu bakımdan probiyotiklerin tür ve kullanılan suş özelliklerine göre uygun klinik ve metodolojik yöntemler kullanılarak daha kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede; probiyotiklerin genel özellikleri ve kapsamı oldukça geniş bir alan olan sağlığa etkileriyle ilgili yapılan çalışmalar özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağlık
• beslenme
• probiyotikler

General Properties of Probiotics and Effects on Health

Öz

Probiotics, which literally means for life, are live microorganisms that regulate the microbial balance in the intestines. In history, probiotics have been consumed without knowing their content and function due to their beneficial effects on health. On the subject of probiotics, Elie Metchnikoff's work on the Bulgarian people at the early 20th century was a turning point. In his study, he established a relationship between longevity and fermented milk consumption and mentioned the presence of lactic acid bacteria. In the scientific studies carried out until today, probiotics; It has been shown that it can benefit health problems such as infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, lactose intolerance, cancer, high cholesterol, diabetes and obesity. However, there are also studies in which the beneficial effect of probiotics is not observed and even some side effects are seen. It is very difficult to generalize these effects, as probiotics can vary depending on the type, strain used, dose and route of administration. In particular, the clinical and methodological differences in the studies made make it more difficult to talk about efficacy with certainty. In this respect, it is thought that more comprehensive studies are needed by using appropriate clinical and methodological methods according to the species and strain characteristics of probiotics. In this review; Studies on the general properties of probiotics and their effects on health, which is a very wide area, are summarized.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• health
• nutrition
• probiotics

Kaynakça

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