The Role of Life Activities-Based Nursing Model in Surgical Patient Education

Öz

Surgical treatment is a painful and anxiety-filled experience that can cause temporary or permanent functional loss, disrupt body integrity, change the lifestyle. Minimizing the level of anxiety experienced ensures the preservation of energy in patients, while maintaining logical thinking and problem solving skills by focusing individuals' attention on a subject. Patients who can think clearly during the treatment process are more likely to overcome difficulties and perform their daily life activities without any problems. However, it is known that most of the patients undergoing surgery experience moderate to high levels of anxiety. The problems experienced by these patients due to anxiety reveal the need for care. Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions are available to reduce anxiety levels. Although pharmacological methods are effective, they can cause nausea-vomiting, suppression of respiration and circulation by reducing intestinal motility. Although non-pharmacological methods are cheap and easy to use, they are not preferred by health professionals because it takes time to follow up patients and evaluate their therapeutic effectiveness. Since the use of both methods is limited, patient education is recommended to prevent anxiety at the beginning of the treatment process. Making use of models in the planning and implementation of individualized patient education increases the quality of care while ensuring that life activities are carried out in the most comfortable way. As a result, using the nursing model based on daily living activities in patient education and a holistic approach to the patient will increase the patient's perceived quality of care, satisfaction with care and confidence in health care.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anxiety
• Education of patients
• Nursing
• Activities of daily living.

Yaşam Aktivitelerine Dayalı Hemşirelik Modelinin Cerrahi Hasta Eğitiminde Yeri

Öz

Cerrahi tedavi geçici veya kalıcı fonksiyonel kayıplara sebep olabilen, beden bütünlüğünü bozan, yaşam biçimini değiştiren, ağrılı ve anksiyete dolu bir deneyimdir. Yaşanan anksiyetenin minimum düzeyde olması, hastalarda enerjinin korunmasını sağlarken bireylerin dikkatini bir konuya odaklayarak mantıklı düşünmesini ve problem çözme becerisini korumaktadır. Tedavi sürecinde sağlıklı düşünebilen hastaların zorlukları aşması ve günlük yaşam aktivitelerini sorunsuz yerine getirmesi daha olasıdır. Fakat cerrahi geçiren hastaların çoğunun orta ve yüksek düzeyde anksiyete yaşadığı bilinmektedir. Bu hastaların anksiyete nedeniyle yaşadıkları problemler bakım ihtiyacını ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Anksiyete düzeyini azaltmak için farmakolojik ve nonfarmakolojik uygulamalar mevcuttur. Farmakolojik yöntemler etkili olsa da bağırsak motilitesini azaltarak bulantı-kusmaya, solunum ve dolaşımın baskılanmasına neden olabilmektedir. Nonfarmakolojik yöntemler ucuz ve kullanımı kolay olmasına rağmen sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından, hasta takibi ve terapötik etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi zaman aldığı için pek tercih edilmemektedir. Her iki yöntemin de kullanımı kısıtlı olduğundan anksiyete oluşumunu, tedavi sürecinin en başında engelleyecek olan hasta eğitimi önerilmektedir. Bireyselleştirilmiş hasta eğitiminin planlanması ve uygulanmasında modellerden yararlanma, yaşam aktivitelerinin en rahat şekilde gerçekleşmesini sağlarken bakım kalitesini de arttırmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, hasta eğitiminde günlük yaşam aktivitelerine dayalı hemşirelik modelinin kullanımı ile hastaya bütüncül yaklaşım; hastanın algıladığı bakım kalitesini, bakımdan memnuniyetini ve sağlık hizmetine duyduğu güveni arttıracaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anksiyete
• Hastaların eğitimi
• Hemşirelik
• Günlük yaşam aktivitesi

Kaynakça

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